Nutrition Exam

Which of the following standards can help you compare nutrient contents of packaged foods to make more healthful choices?

%DVs

Table sugar is nearly _____ carbohydrate.

100%

Chase is an athlete who weighs 90 kg. He should consume _____ g of protein daily.

108-180

Sarah consumes approximately 2000 kcal/day. According to recommendations of the 2015-2020 edition of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, she should limit her saturated fat intake to fewer than ____ kcal/day.

200

Which of the following statements is true?

An essential nutrient must be supplied by the diet.

To establish a nutrient's RDA, nutrition scientists add _____ of the nutrient to its EAR.

a "margin of safety" amount, 2 standard deviations above the EAR

An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the

amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population.

Pathogens

are disease causing agents

Which of the following compounds is not secreted by the human stomach?

bile

A molecule forms when two or more atoms are attracted to each other and held together by

bonds

According to scientific evidence, which of the following actions can help reduce a person's risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

lose excess body fat

During a natural disaster, it is safe to drink the water from

melted ice cubes in the freezer

An essential nutrient

must be supplied by the diet

Which of the following substances is an enzyme that participates in the digestion of proteins?

pepsin

A scientist has isolated a chemical compound that is partially soluble in water. The chemical helps keep water-soluble substances mixed with fats. When analyzing the composition of the chemical, the scientist determined that in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the compound contains nitrogen and phosphorus atoms. Based on this information, the compound is a (an) _

phospholipid

Scientists enroll 500 healthy adults in a study and collect dietary and other lifestyle information about the group. After 6 years, the scientists determine that study participants who ate at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily were less likely to develop high blood pressure than participants who ate fewer than 5 servings of these foods daily. This study is an example of a(n) ________ study.

prospective

Food guides usually classify sunflower and other seeds in the _____ group.

protein rich foods

Which of the following conditions is associated with the abuse of anabolic steroids?

reproductive problems

(Subcutaneous) fat does not

stimulate red blood cell production

source of sucrose

sugar cane

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that provides energy for humans?

sugar, carbohydrate

The professional football star Andro "The Man" McGraw claims the dietary supplement AminoProFixate helped him build muscle mass quickly and safely. His endorsement of the product is an example of

testimonial

In general, registered dietitian nutritionists are reliable sources of food and nutrition information.

true

People who have high blood uric acid levels are likely to develop gout.

true

To estimate a college student's RDA for protein, multiply his or her weight in kg by 0.8 grams.

true

The bladder and kidneys are organs of the _____ system.

urinary

The lining of the small intestine is covered with _____, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.

villi

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does not supply any energy for the human body?

vitamin D

The typical vegetarian diet supplies high amounts of

vitamin c

Which of the following nutrients is a micronutrient?

vitamin d

Leah's parents are afraid the 5-year-old will develop tooth decay if she chews gum that is sweetened with sugar. Based on this information, Leah's parents should buy chewing gum that is sweetened with

xylitol

Which of the following statements is true?

Matter is comprised of atoms.

Iron, calcium, and carbon are ________

elements

Phosphorus, potassium, and sodium are __

elements

The _____ is the second segment of the small intestine.

jujunum

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter

lacteals within the villi

The _____ is an accessory organ of the digestive system.

liver

Feces form in the

large intestine

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does not provide any energy for the human body?

carbohydrate

A researcher wants to identify lifestyle factors that increase the risk of stomach cancer in men. His study design involves enrolling 250 men who have stomach cancer and 250 men who are cancer-free but have similar characteristics and backgrounds as the men who have stomach cancer. The researcher collects and analyzes information about each participant's lifestyle. Based on this information, what kind of study is the researcher conducting?

case-control

Pancreatic amylase

digests starch in the small intestine

Infants should not be fed honey because it can contain

Clostridium botulinum spores

Which is true

Dietary supplements may interact negatively with other substances a person takes.

Which federal agency regulates the proper use of pesticides?

EPA

Which of the following statements is true?

Most food guides classify eggs in the protein-rich foods group

Owen usually consumes about 3000 kcal/day. On average, his fat intake is approximately 80 g/day. Based on this information, which of the following statements describes Owen's diet?

Owen's fat intake meets the RDA for lipids.

The amount of vitamin C that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the _____ for the vitamin.

RDA

A popular women's magazine has an article about the health benefits of consuming calcium-rich foods. If the article's author has the credentials ________ after his or her name, the article is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information.

RDN

Which of the following statements is true?

Raw ground beef is often a source of E. coli

Which of the following menu items has major ingredients that represent three different food groups?

Ready-to-eat cereal with strawberries and fat-free milk

Which of the following nutrients cannot be metabolized for ATP production?

Riboflavin

Which of the following statements is true?

The RDN credential is legally protected.

Which of the following statements is false?

The esophagus uses peristalsis to move the food bolus downward.

Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation?

When a group of 6-year-old children increase their physical activity level to 60 minutes a day, the children's muscle mass increases.

The ____ is the smallest living functional unit in an organism.

cell

The atoms of a compound, such as sugar, are held together by

chemical bonds

The primary function of the cardiovascular system is ________

circulation of blood throughout the body

Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of

colon and rectal cancer

Including exercise in your daily routine can reduce your risk of

colon cancer

is the process that changes the normal shape of a protein and, as a result, the molecule loses its usual functions.

denaturation

Which of the following conditions or diseases is a leading diet-related cause of death in the United States?

diabetes

The Nutrition Facts panel on a food label

does not include information about the product's protein quality

Scientists conduct a study in which 100 adults with chronic diarrhea are divided into 2 groups of 50 people. One group is given a supply of yogurt that contains a certain kind of bacteria and the other group is given yogurt that is bacteria free. The study's participants and researchers do not know which group of subjects has the bacteria in the yogurt and which group does not. The scientists instruct the participants to eat the entire 8 ounces of yogurt once a day for a month and record the their bowel habits. This is an example of a(n) ________ study.

double-blind

After being absorbed, water-soluble nutrients such as glucose, fructose, iron, and vitamin C _

enter a capillary within the villus and are transported to the liver by the bloodstream

An _____ is a compound that speeds up (catalyzes) a chemical reaction.

enzyme

According to the latest U.S. Department of Agriculture food guide, fruits and vegetables are combined into one food group.

false

All nutrients must be supplied by the diet because they cannot be made by the body.

false

Compared to table sugar, honey is a natural and far more nutritious sweetener.

false

Proteins are the most essential class of nutrients.

false

Scientists use anecdotes as scientific evidence to support their findings.

false

The average American consumes 80% of his or her energy intake as refined sugars.

false

There are four classes of nutrients: proteins, lipids, sugars, and vitamins.

false

When the pH of blood is higher than normal, the blood has become more acidic.

false

Which of the following foods is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids?

flaxseeds

Jamie wants to eat more foods that are naturally high in phytochemicals and fiber. Based on this information, which of the following foods would you recommend?

fresh fruits and veggies

Which of the following pesticides controls the spread of molds that damage crops?

fungicide

...can be classified as a dietary supplement.

ginkgo biloba

Erika has type 1 diabetes and gives herself insulin injections to help manage her blood glucose level. One afternoon, Erika tested her blood and discovered that her blood glucose level was 260 mg/dl. Based on this information, Erika should

give herself a specific dose of insulin.

Muscles store ____, the immediate source of glucose for contracting muscles.

glycogen

The liver supplies glucose for muscles and other cells by breaking down

glycogen

Which of the following foods is naturally a source of phytochemicals

grapes

Certain organs and tissues use _____ to send messages to target cells.

hormones

The _____ is the third segment of the small intestine.

ileum

Which of the following nutrients is a micronutrient?

magnesium

is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells

metabolism

A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons bonded together. All of the carbon atoms in the chain are connected by single bonds. The only other elements in the compound are hydrogen and oxygen. Based on this information, the compound is a (an) _____ fatty acid.

saturated

By conducting a prospective epidemiological study, medical researchers can determine risk factors that may influence health.

true

Dietary supplements include vitamin pills as well as products that contain echinacea, ginseng, and garlic.

true

Glycolysis is the first step of the metabolic process that degrades glucose and forms pyruvate, when oxygen is unavailable.

true