Nutrition Final

Major minerals are those needed in amounts greater than __________milligrams per day. 10 100 5,000 10,000

100

__________ tests measure body size or body composition. Biochemical Dietary Clinical Anthropometric

Anthropometric

If a friend were looking for nutrition advice, who would you recommend they consult? a chiropractor an RDN nutritionist personal trainer

an RDN

Adolescents need __________ for adequate muscle growth. iron calcium potassium

iron

Research shows a child may need to be exposed to a food __________ times before accepting it. 2 to 3 4 to 8 10 to 15 up to 20

10 to 15

Research indicates that the median age for several types of disordered eating is around __________ years of age. 9 to 10 12 to 13 15 to 16 17 to 18

12 to 13

John eats a lot of fatty foods, but he is an athlete and he just eats a lot of everything. His daily kilocalorie intake is close to 4,500 kilocalories. He is not really watching his weight because it has stayed the same for the last several years. However, he wants to make sure his fat consumption stays within the healthy range, as he has seen so many advertisements for "healthy", low-fat products on TV. Calculate how many grams of fat John could consume while staying within the AMDR.

175 grams

A woman's palm represents approximately __________ ounces of cooked meat, chicken, or fish. 3 4 6 10

3

A pound of body fat contains approximately __________ kilocalories. 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000

3,500

Based on the information given above, how many grams of fat could she consume each day? 400 grams of fat 20 grams of fat 75 grams of fat 44 grams of fat

44 grams of fat

Consuming both carbohydrate and protein following exercise helps the body recover. What is the optimal ratio for consuming these nutrients? 2:1 (more carbohydrate than protein) 2:1 (more protein than carbohydrate) 4:1 (more carbohydrate than protein) 4:1 (more protein than carbohydrate)

4:1 (more carbohydrate than protein)

Which of the following could result in denaturing dietary proteins? beating an egg white with at mixer all of the above marinating a steak with lemon juice and vinegar grilling your steak

All of the above

The building blocks of proteins are __________. enzymes amino acids glucose molecules peptide bonds

Amino Acids

Which of the following sweeteners should NOT be consumed by individuals with the disease phenylketonuria? aspartame sucralose sorbitol saccharin

Aspartame

The main source of energy for the body is provided by __________. proteins vitamins carbohydrates fats

Carbohydrates

________ provide less energy per gram than ________. Carbohydrates; fats Carbohydrates; proteins Plant proteins; animal proteins Plant fats; animal fats

Carbohydrates; fats

The liver is able to synthesize all the __________ the body needs. omega-3 fatty acids triglycerides linoleic acid cholesterol

Cholesterol

Specific amounts of each nutrient that one needs to consume to maintain good health are __________. Dietary Guidelines for Americans Daily Values Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) meal plans

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

__________ measures the amount of heat the body generates. Estimated energy requirement (EER) Indirect calorimetry Thermic effect of food Direct calorimetry

Direct calorimetry

Proteins that work as messengers to regulate cell activity are called __________. antibodies enzymes hormones buffers

Hormones

__________ helps the body absorb vitamin B12. hemopoiesis Cobalamin Folate Intrinsic factor

Intrinsic factor

What happens to excess glucose? It is converted to protein. It is ultimately stored as fat. It causes glycogen stores to expand past capacity. It is eliminated.

It is ultimately stored as fat.

Vitamins and minerals are considered coenzymes. phytochemicals. macronutrients. micronutrients

Micronutrients

Proteins differ from carbohydrates and lipids in that they contain ___________. phosphorus nitrogen magnesium iron

Nitrogen

A healthy 2 year old would most likely be in a state of: negative nitrogen balance nitrogen equilibrium postivie nitrogen balance

Positive Nitrogen Balance

The macronutrient(s) whose main functions are to contribute the basic building blocks (amino acids) and to synthesize, grow, and maintain tissues in the body is/are __________. vitamins carbohydrates fats Proteins

Protein

Denaturation of proteins changes their __________. weight primary structure sequence of amino acids shape

Shape

Which of the following is inorganic? water carbohydrates vitamins lipids

Water

The primary function of the B vitamins is to __________. provide calories act as antioxidants aid in blood clotting act as coenzymes in energy production

act as coenzymes in energy production

Which of the following is an conditionally essential AA? threonine arginine isoleucine valine

arginine

The fluid expressed from the mother's breast immediately after birth that contains immune factors is called __________. lactation eclampsia letdown fluid colostrum

colostrum

Cocoa is a good source of what trace mineral? zinc copper molybdenum selenium

copper

When blood volume __________, the kidneys __________water reabsorption. increases; maintain decreases; decrease decreases; increase increases; increase

decreases; increase

According to Tufts University research, which type of restaurants were the most likely to have accurate calorie counts on their menus? supermarket delis chain sit-down restaurants privately-owned restaurants fast food restaurants

fast food restaurants

Babies generally begin consuming solid foods at __________ months of age. one to two four to six six to nine

four to six

Which of the following is a sign of zinc deficiency? anemia hair loss and skin rash goiter tooth decay

hair loss and skin rash

The oxygen-carrying, heme-containing protein in red blood cells is __________. nonheme iron heme iron myoglobin hemoglobin

hemoglobin

The formation of red blood cells is called __________. metabolism hemophobia hemopoiesis cheilosis

hemopoiesis

Foods that are high in nutrients and low in kilocalories are __________. processed foods energy-dense foods nutrient-dense foods diet foods

nutrient-dense foods

What might weight gain during exercise indicate to an athlete? increased muscle stores inadequate hydration fat loss overhydration

overhydration

The organ that allows nutrients, oxygen, and waste products to be exchanged between a mother and fetus is the __________. zygote fetus embryo placenta

placenta

he continual process of degrading and synthesizing protein is called __________. amino acid pooling protein digestion protein turnover gluconeogenesis

protein turnover

BMI is useful for __________. establishing weight-loss guidelines determining energy needs screening for disease risk measuring body composition

screening for disease risk

Most lipid digestion occurs in the __________. small intestine large intestine mouth stomach

small intestine

To reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, it's best to increase the amount of __________ in your diet. trans fat saturated fat soluble fiber total fat

soluble fiber

The most common lipid(s) found in both foods and the body is/are __________. lecithin triglycerides cholesterol glycerol

triglycerides

Increasing rates of childhood obesity are contributing to rising rates of __________ in school-aged children. type 2 diabetes food allergies type 1 diabetes seasonal allergies

type 2

What is an appropriate treatment goal for an overweight or obese child or adolescent? weight loss of 10 percent over six months avoiding use of weight-loss medications weight maintenance with continued height growth implementation of a restrictive diet

weight maintenance with continued height growth

Which lipoprotein is responsible for picking up cholesterol from dying cells and other sources so it can be transported back to the liver for excretion? Chylomicron Very-low-density lipoprotein Low-density lipoprotein High-density lipoprotein

High-density lipoprotein

What substance denatures protein in the stomach? gastrin hydrochloric acid (HCl) pepsinogen protease

Hydrochloric Acid (HCL)

Which of the following sugars is a disaccharide? glucose galactose fructose lactose

Lactose

Which of the following nutrition messages is conveyed in MyPlate? Make half your plate fruit and vegetables. Enjoy your food and eat as much as you like. Foods within each category can be exchanged with another from the same group. Drink whole milk.

Make half your plate fruit and vegetables.

Which of the following is a food that provides all of the essential amino acids? Milk Navy beans Wheat Peanut Butter

Milk

The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) value that includes specific nutrient recommendations by age and gender is known as Daily Value (DV). Estimated Energy Requirement (EER). Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Adequate Intake (AI)

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA).

According to the USDA MyPlate guidance system, 3 ounces of cheese is considered equivalent to __________. 2 ounces of protein 2 cups of dairy 3 ounces of lean protein oils and fats

2 cups of dairy

Approximately __________ percent of U.S. children and adolescents are currently overweight or obese. 10 20 25 50

20

What percentage of the total kcal come from fat? (answers have been round to the nearest whole number) 56% 15% 29% 40%

56%

Based on the RDA for protein, a healthy adult who weighs 80 kilograms should consume __________ grams of protein per day. 64 80 100 140

64

If a patient wants to decrease their risk of developing cancer, which of the following recommendations would be appropriate? Increase alcohol consumption. Engage in 30 minutes of strenuous physical activity most days of the week. Increase intake of vitamin B12 through consumption of chicken, beef, and pork. Be as lean as possible within the normal range of body weight.

Be as lean as possible within the normal range of body weight.

Creating nonessential amino acids from essential amino acids requires: Transamination elongation gluconeogenesis deamination

Transamination

According to the DRIs, adults and children should consume at least 130 grams of carbohydrate per day. True False

True

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, one should consume less than 10 percent of kilocalories from saturated fat. True False

True

Amylopectin is a chain of glucose molecules that are branched. True False

True

Deamination refers to the removal of the amine group from an amino acid. True False

True

Examples of polysaccharides are starches, glycogen, and fiber. True False

True

Fat is the most energy-dense nutrient. True False

True

What mineral is critical in the development of peak bone mass in adolescents? iron calcium sodium potassium

Calcium

Glucose is the preferred source of energy for the brain and red blood cells. True False

True

Which agency or organization regulates all infant formula sold in the United States? U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) American Academy of Pediatrics American Medical Association (AMA) U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Which of the following statements about creatine is true? Creatine appears to enhance performance in aerobic exercise. Creatine is stored in the liver. Creatine appears to increase a person's risk of heart disease. Creatine appears to increase performance in high-intensity, short-duration exercise.

Creatine appears to increase performance in high-intensity, short-duration exercise.

What advice may be helpful to pregnant women experiencing heartburn during the third trimester? Eat spicy foods to encourage the start of labor. Eat small, frequent meals instead of large meals. Lie down and elevate the feet after meals and snacks. Discontinue taking iron supplements.

Eat small, frequent meals instead of large meals.

Which of the following foods contains the highest quality protein? corn whole wheat bread soy beans eggs

Eggs

Refined grains contain which of the following? germ endosperm bran alcohol

Endosperm

Which of the following recommendations can help you maintain weight loss? Engage in physical activity for 60 to 90 minutes per day. Continue to restrict kilocalorie intake to approximately 500 calories fewer than estimated needs. Avoid snacking between meals. Avoid weighing yourself.

Engage in physical activity for 60 to 90 minutes per day.

A kilocalorie is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gallon of water by one degree Celsius. True False

False

A tablespoon of vegetable oil is roughly equivalent in size to the tip of a person's pointer finger. True False

False

According to recent studies, skipping breakfast is an effective way to promote weight loss and provide satiety throughout the day. True False

False

The sections of the MyPlate icon represent six food groups, including oils. True False

False

Which of the following statements summarizes the role of protein, carbohydrate, and fat in energy production? Fat fuels aerobic energy production, carbohydrate fuels both anaerobic and aerobic production, and protein is never used for energy production. Fat fuels aerobic energy production, carbohydrate fuels both aerobic and anaerobic production, and protein is used for energy production when kilocalorie needs haven't been met. Carbohydrate fuels aerobic energy production, fat fuels both anaerobic and aerobic production, and protein is never used for energy production. Both carbohydrate and protein fuel aerobic energy production, and fat fuels anaerobic and aerobic production.

Fat fuels aerobic energy production, carbohydrate fuels both aerobic and anaerobic production, and protein is used for energy production when kilocalorie needs haven't been met

During the absorptive state, metabolism favors energy storage and __________. electrolysis anabolism catabolism excretion

anabolism

Minerals that exist in the body, but whose nutritional importance in humans has not yet been established, include __________. arsenic, boron, and nickel nickel, silicon, and iron boron, nickel, and iodine arsenic, boron, and selenium

arsenic, boron, and nickel

The amount of energy expended by the body to meet its basic physiological need is termed __________. lean body mass non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) basal metabolism resting metabolic rate

basal metabolism

The disease that occurs in humans who are deficient in thiamin is __________. beriberi rickets diabetes neural tube defects

beriberi

Athletes participating in an intense athletic competition lasting more than 1 hour should drink __________. carbonated beverages plain water beverages containing carbohydrates and electrolytes beverages containing caffeine

beverages containing carbohydrates and electrolytes

If you're competing in an athletic event scheduled for the afternoon, which meal should ideally be high-carbohydrate and low-fat to optimize muscle and liver glycogen stores and minimize GI discomfort? lunch the day of the athletic event dinner the night before the athletic event dinner following the athletic event breakfast the day of the athletic event

breakfast the day of the athletic event

Which of the following is an example of a "nutrient-dense" food? potato chips broccoli sweets packaged snack foods

broccoli

Insoluble fiber promotes gastrointestinal health by increasing stool __________, which _________ stool transit time through the GI tract. bulk; increases cholesterol; increases bulk; decreases cholesterol; decreases

bulk; decreases

Adequate dietary intake of __________ can help reduce the risk of developing kidney stones. calcium and vitamin D calcium and potassium calcium and vitamin C potassium and phosphorus

calcium and potassium

Dietary intake of __________ is especially important in reducing osteoporosis risk. potassium and calcium sodium and potassium calcium and vitamin D calcium and vitamin C

calcium and vitamin D

The FITT principle focuses on three components to improve fitness: muscular fitness, flexibility, and __________. cardiorespiratory fitness dieting rest periods hydration

cardiorespiratory fitness

You will increase the overall amount of calcium you absorb by __________. pairing calcium-rich foods with vitamin C consuming calcium supplements consuming a calcium-containing food in smaller and more frequent portions consuming a large calcium-containing food in one meal per day

consuming a calcium-containing food in smaller and more frequent portions

An important aspect of being in water balance is __________. drinking water each hour consuming enough water a low-sodium diet avoiding caffeine

consuming enough water

Fluorosis results from __________. inadequate amounts of fluoride consumption of or exposure to too much fluoride the binding of fluoride and phosphorus the interaction of fluoride and calcium

consumption of or exposure to too much fluoride

The excessive loss of body fluids is called __________. dementia hypokalemia dehydration water intoxication

dehydration

The loss of water in the body as a result of inadequate fluid intake or excess fluid loss is called __________. hypothermia anemia Water intoxication dehydration

dehydration

Food labels list ingredients in __________. manufacturers' order by preference alphabetical order ascending order of predominance by weight descending order of predominance by weight

descending order of predominance by weight

Adolescents can be at risk for developing __________ because of distorted body image and peer pressure. food intolerances type 1 diabetes disordered eating

disordered eating

Vitamins differ from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats because they __________. are not essential to health are only available as a supplement do not provide calories come only from plants

do not provide calories

A key function of protein in the body is __________. acting as a covitamin to increase reaction times of body processes donating or picking up hydrogen ions in the blood improving the body's immune response by acting as allergens moving across cell membranes to regulate fluid balance

donating or picking up hydrogen ions in the blood

Which of the following behaviors has a positive impact on school-aged kids' BMI? eating shared meals with sports teams buying lunch in the school's cafeteria eating breakfast at school through the School Breakfast Program avoiding snacking

eating breakfast at school through the School Breakfast Program

Vitamin C helps maintain a healthy immune system by __________. enabling the body to make red blood cells enabling the body to make white blood cells reducing cholesterol levels maintaining blood glucose levels

enabling the body to make white blood cells

The difference in daily kilocalories that are needed for weight maintenance before and after weight loss is known as the __________. energy gap behavior modification weight cycling kilocalorie restriction

energy gap

Substances used to improve athletic performance, including dietary supplements, are called __________. steroids Powerades vitamins ergogenic aids

ergogenic aids

To support a day-long walk-a-thon fundraiser, the body predominately uses which nutrient for energy? vitamins carbohydrates protein fat

fat

Vitamins that are stored after they are absorbed are __________. fat-soluble vitamins inorganic water-soluble vitamins non-essential

fat-soluble vitamins

The anabolic process of lipogenesis is efficient for __________. amino acids glucose fatty acids muscle glycogen

fatty acids

Which of the following methods of water excretion contributes the LEAST amount to water output? feces urine sweat water as vapor through the lungs

feces

The best source(s) of fluoride is/are __________. fluoride supplements fluoride treatments from a dentist cereals with added fluoride fluoridated water

fluoridated water

Macrocytic anemia is caused by a deficiency of __________. vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 folate and vitamin B6 folate and pantothenic acid folate and vitamin B12

folate and vitamin B12

An RD uses a __________ to easily capture an individual's consumption patterns over time. computer model food record food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) 24-hour recall

food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)

When planning meals using the exchange system, __________. foods can be exchanged between groups to increase variety foods can be exchanged within groups to increase variety potatoes should be avoided because they are not considered a vegetable emphasis is placed on the starch group to control carbohydrate intake

foods can be exchanged within groups to increase variety

Orange juice with calcium is an example of a food that has been __________. genetically altered enriched fortified enhanced

fortified

The body increases production of what cell-damaging substance during intense, prolonged exercise? glycogen vitamin C free radicals antioxidants

free radicals

Over time, a body in positive energy balance will __________. gain weight maintain a constant weight lose muscle mass lose weight

gain weight

Common digestive discomforts during the third trimester of pregnancy include __________. too much weight gain nausea heartburn and constipation

heartburn and constipation

What food should be withheld from a baby during the first year of life because of its potential to cause botulism? rice cereal applesauce carrots honey

honey

The physiological need for food is called __________. stomach pains appetite hunger satiety

hunger

Which of the following is an example of an environmental factor contributing to increasing obesity? increased portion sizes decreased screen time genetic susceptibility development of walking school buses

increased portion sizes

Increased active vitamin D impacts blood calcium levels by __________. decreasing mobilization of bone calcium increasing intestinal absorption of calcium decreasing intestinal absorption decreasing absorption in the kidneys

increasing intestinal absorption of calcium

A copper deficiency can result in __________. pica hypertension iron-deficiency anemia decreased bone mass

iron-deficiency anemia

The compounds used for gluconeogenesis include __________. lactate fatty acids hormones enzymes

lactate

What is the major phospholipid found in cell membranes? choline lecithin glycerol cholesterol

lecithin

A good dietary source of molybdenum is __________. salt meat mineral water legumes

legumes

The best way to decrease the amount of trans fat in your diet is to __________. limit your intake of processed foods increase your intake of processed foods decrease your total kilocalorie intake decrease your milk consumption

limit your intake of processed foods

Enzymes that digest lipids are called __________. maltase sucrase lactase lipases

lipases

The most metabolically active organ in the body is the __________. liver brain stomach small intestine

liver

Males have more body water than females because __________. males drink more water males have a higher percentage of muscle mass males lose less water with age males have a higher percentage of body fat

males have a higher percentage of muscle mass

A teaspoon of cinnamon is a good source of __________. iodine iron selenium manganese

manganese

Foods such as __________ have high water content. ice cream bread chicken melons

melons

Which of the following is one of the five components of physical fitness? MyPlate muscle endurance body mass index hydration

muscle endurance

A lack of intrinsic factor is associated with __________. spina bifida iron-deficiency anemia carcinogenesis pernicious anemia

pernicious anemia

Voluntary movement that results in energy expenditure is __________. physical activity physical fitness exercise cardiorespiratory endurance

physical activity

The real energy values (adjusted for the body's inefficiency) of foods that are digested and absorbed are called __________. ATP kilocalories physiological fuel values thermic effect of food

physiological fuel values

Naturally occurring substances that protect against chronic diseases are called __________. enzymes phytochemicals free radicals carotenoids

phytochemicals

A chain of 10 amino acids bonded together would be classified as a: polypepetide protein nonessential protein dipeptide

polypepetide

Which food would provide the lowest glycemic index? white bread with jam ice cream with chocolate syrup baked potato with low-fat cheese popcorn

popcorn

Although rare, deficiencies of what mineral can occur as a result of vomiting, diarrhea, or eating disorders (anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa), causing dangerous cardiac irregularities? zinc sodium potassium calcium

potassium

The DASH diet, which provides ample dietary sources of __________, helps reduce hypertension. calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium sodium, magnesium, and potassium potassium, calcium, and magnesium sodium, potassium, and calcium

potassium, calcium, and magnesium

Which of the following foods would provide the most sodium? a baked potato potato chips low-fat milk canned applesauce

potato chips

Sulfur-based substances called sulfites are used as __________ by food manufacturers. flavor enhancers preservatives color enhancers food coloring

preservatives

Most dietary sodium (77 percent in American diets) comes from __________. dairy products processed foods added table salt meats

processed foods

A gradual increase in exercise demands resulting from modifications to FITT is called the __________. hypertrophy maximum heart rate atrophy progressive overload principle

progressive overload principle

The macronutrient __________ helps to regulate fluid balance. fat carbohydrate vitamins protein

protein

Weight-loss surgeries contribute to weight loss by __________. altering the gut's microbiome to reduce kilocalorie absorption reducing the size of the stomach and increasing satiety connecting the small intestine to the esophagus, bypassing the stomach's role in digestion improving blood-sugar control and reducing circulating glucose

reducing the size of the stomach and increasing satiety

Blood pressure rises when the body __________. is at rest is in a pool or shower retains too much fluid is dehydrated

retains too much fluid

Which of the following terms is a form of vitamin A? phylloquinone retinoid cholecalciferol alpha-tocopherol

retinoid

Milk is generally stored in opaque containers to prevent the destruction of __________ by sunlight. vitamin C folate niacin riboflavin

riboflavin

People with kidney disease who can't excrete excess phosphorus may benefit from __________. taking antacids increasing dietary intake of potassium and sodium restricting total kilocalorie intake increasing consumption of high-acid foods

taking antacids

The forceful protrusion of the tongue in response to an oral stimulus, such as a spoon, is called __________. the tongue-thrust reflex burping food intolerance nursing-bottle tooth decay

the tongue-thrust reflex

A BMI __________ is considered underweight and is associated with a higher risk of anemia, osteoporosis, and heart irregularities. under 18.5 under 21 between 25 to 30 over 30

under 18.5

A diet that contains a mixture of all food groups is following the principle of __________. variety adequacy moderation energy density

variety

Adding __________ to a meal that contains nonheme iron can enhance its absorption rate. milk vitamin C iron supplements vitamin D

vitamin C

Infants are born with a sterile gut; therefore, they need an injection of __________ to help ensure blood clots appropriately. vitamin D folate vitamin C vitamin K

vitamin K

Which of the following products is likely to be a good dietary source of trace minerals? whole-wheat bread white bread enriched wheat flour seven-grain bread

whole-wheat bread

The antioxidants include vitamins __________. A, C, and D B, C, and D A, C, and E A, B, and C

A, C, and E

Which statement best describes the current status of the American diet? Americans consume too much saturated fat, sodium, and sugar and too little fiber. Americans consume too many vitamins and minerals and too little saturated fat. Americans consume too much protein and too little sodium and fiber. Americans consume too much cholesterol and too little protein.

Americans consume too much saturated fat, sodium, and sugar and too little fiber.

All of the following are health benefits of soluble fiber except normalizes blood glucose. stimulates appetite. reduces serum cholesterol. delays gastric emptying.

Stimulates appetite

Vegetarian diets may reduce risk for __________. type 1 diabetes nutrient deficiencies stroke osteoporosis

Stroke

Which of the following is one of the four stages of carbohydrate metabolism to produce ATP? proton transport chain conversion of acetyl CoA to pyruvate glycogenesis TCA cycle

TCA cycle

A person exhibiting symptoms including recurrent episodes of binge eating (characterized by a sense of loss of control and eating a large amount of food in a 2-hour period), compensating behaviors such as overexercising and laxative abuse, and a self-evaluation unduly influenced by weight is likely to be diagnosed with which condition? bulimia nervosa anorexia nervosa binge eating disorder (BED) orthorexia

bulimia nervosa

Optimizing nutrition reduces risk of __________, one of the leading causes of death in the United States. cancer osteoporosis pneumonia Alzheimer's disease

cancer

Which occupation would have the highest NEAT? receptionist customer service phone representative computer programmer clinical medical assistant

clinical medical assistant

Bioavailability of trace minerals can vary because they __________. are sensitive to light have a short shelf life compete with each other for absorption deactivate with heat

compete with each other for absorption

What is the benefit of bottled water? fluoride convenient packaging Less energy is required to produce bottled water. Bottled water is less expensive.

convenient packaging

American diets are too low in ________ but too high in __________. fiber; saturated fat iron; cholesterol carbohydrates; cholesterol sodium; potassium

fiber; saturated fat

The food item with the highest amount of iodine is __________. cinnamon kosher salt milk table salt

table salt

The foods we eat have an influence on the genes in our cells in a way that can increase or decrease our risks for certain diseases. True False

True

Whole grains contain __________. soluble and insoluble fibers bran, endosperm, and germ bran, starch, and germ bran, endosperm, and glucose

bran, endosperm, and germ

A disease related to a deficiency of selenium is __________. cretinism Menkes' disease Keshan disease goiter

Keshan disease

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water 1 degree Celsius is a: molecule of ATP calorie Kilocalorie gram

Kilocalorie

What is the minimal number of kilocalories that should come from carbohydrates in a diet of a body builder who consumes 4,100 total kilocalories daily?

1845 kcal

Which blood glucose lab value is considered a "positive" test indicative of diabetes mellitus? 100 milligrams per deciliter (after eating 50 grams of carbohydrate) 101 milligrams per deciliter (fasting) 125 milligrams per deciliter (after eating 50 grams of carbohydrate) 130 milligrams per deciliter (fasting)

130 milligrams per deciliter (fasting)

Which of these foods has the LEAST dietary protein? 1 cup of steamed broccoli 1 cup of dried pinto beans 3 ounces of skinless chicken breast 1 cup of sliced peaches

1 cup of sliced peaches

Susan is consuming 70 grams of protein per day on her 2,000-kilocalorie-per-day diet. What percentage of Susan's diet is protein? 10 percent 14 percent 28 percent 35 percent

14 percent Susan's diet is 14 percent protein: 70 grams of protein × 4 kilocalories per gram = 280 kilocalories. 280 kilocalories ÷ 2,000 kilocalories = 0.14 = 14%

Carole Ann is overweight (her BMI is 28) and is expecting her first child. Her obstetrician has told her that her optimal weight-gain range during pregnancy is __________ pounds. 10 to 15 12 to 18 15 to 25

15 to 25

According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs), protein should comprise what percentage of daily kilocalories? 3 to 5 percent of daily kilocalories 10 to 35 percent of daily kilocalories 20 to 35 percent of daily kilocalories 45 to 65 percent of daily kilocalories

10 to 35 percent of daily kilocalories

A healthy weight is a body weight that doesn't increase risk of weight-related health problems. If you're overweight at 250 pounds, weight loss of __________ can help reduce your risk of hypertension and diabetes. 5 to 10 pounds 12 to 25 pounds 25 to 35 pounds 40 to 50 pounds

12 to 25 pounds

Which of the following lipoproteins packages triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol within the enterocytes for release into the lymph system? high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) chylomicrons low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) micelles

Chylomicrons

One of the goals of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is to lower chronic disease risk through weight management. Which of the following is NOT recommended to help meet this goal? Follow food safety recommendations. Limit solid fat consumption. Keep trans fat intake to a minimum. Increase physical activity to help achieve calorie balance.

Follow food safety recommendations.

Which of the following monosaccharides is absorbed by facilitated diffusion? galactose sucrose glucose fructose

Fructose

Once absorbed, the monosaccharides are all converted to ________ by the liver. fructose maltose glucose galactose

GLucose

Protein synthesis is regulated by __________. dietary intake genes enteric nerves ribosomes

Genes

The storage form of glucose in animals is amylose. starch. glycogen. polysaccharide.

Glycogen

Which of the following would have the highest amounts of phytochemicals? milk fish grapes

Grapes

__________ intake is important to athletes because of its role in transporting oxygen in blood and muscle cells. Vitamin C Vitamin D Iron Calcium

Iron

Vegetarian diets are at risk of being deficient in __________. iron and zinc protein and fiber beta-carotene and vitamin E

Iron and Zinc

How does dietary fiber reduce blood cholesterol? It hydrolyzes the cholesterol. It deactivates the cholesterol. It digests the cholesterol. It binds bile acids in the intestinal tract, which increases removal of cholesterol from the blood.

It binds bile acids in the intestinal tract, which increases removal of cholesterol from the blood.

Which suggestion would you make to a family looking to help their child who is diagnosed with, or at risk for, type 2 diabetes? Hold a family meeting. Share family meals. Remove after-school snacks from the meal plan. Participate in physical activities as a family.

Participate in physical activities as a family.

Healthy eating involves the key principles of __________. balance, variety, and adequate sleep balance, variety, and moderation balance, variety, and stress reduction balance, exercise, and moderation

balance, variety, and moderation

The degree to which a nutrient is absorbed from foods and available in the body is termed __________. bioavailability mineralization bindability absorption

bioavailability

Which vitamin is sometimes called the "beauty vitamin" because it helps enhance hair and nails? riboflavin biotin vitamin B6 vitamin C

biotin

Most of the body's magnesium can be found in the __________. bones adipose tissue muscles liver

bones

Green tea, which contains a compound that inhibits folic acid, is an example of a(n) __________. ergogenic aid caffeine source botanical prescription drug

botanical

Maple syrup urine disease is a metabolic disorder caused by the inability to metabolize __________. galactose lactose branched chain amino acids phenylalanine

branched chain amino acids

The first stage of metabolism to use glucose for energy is glycolysis. This is an example of a(n) __________. cellular reaction anabolic reaction catabolic reaction mitochondria reaction

catabolic reaction

The major anion in extracellular fluid is __________. chloride sodium potassium phosphorus

chloride

Which vitamin-like compound helps protect the liver and is considered an essential nutrient? choline carnitine lipoic acid inositol

choline

Which mineral enhances insulin activity? chromium zinc iodine manganese

chromium

The fate of most digested dietary protein is __________. storage as glycogen in muscle cells circulation in the blood as amino acids storage as triglycerides in adipose tissue conversion to glucose for energy

circulation in the blood as amino acids

The chemical reaction in which two molecules combine to form a larger molecule, and water is released is called __________. condensation photosynthesis hydrolysis glycosidic bond

condensation

People taking anticoagulant medications such as Coumadin need __________ intake of vitamin K. increased consistent minimal (vitamin K needs are met by intestinal bacteria production) decreased

consistent

Vitamin supplements are unnecessary for most healthy people if they __________. consume only whole-grain breads drink 8 to 10 glasses of water per day follow a vegetarian diet consume an adequate, balanced diet

consume an adequate, balanced diet

Which molecule, stored in skeletal muscle, is critical in regenerating ATP from ADP? adenosine diphosphate mitochondria creatine phosphate adenosine triphosphate

creatine phosphate

A healthy weight-gain program for a patient who needs to gain weight should include __________ to stimulate muscle growth and avoid excess fat storage. exercise getting 8 hours of sleep decreasing carbohydrates eating large quantities of protein

exercise

According to the Tufts University research, which menu items in chain sit-down restaurants had the greatest calorie count inaccuracies? beverages foods on the diet side of the menu entrées desserts

foods on the diet side of the menu

FITT is an acronym for __________, elements of a successful fitness or conditioning program. frequency, intensity, time, and type frequency, intensity, torque, and type frequency, intervals, time, and type fitness, intensity, time, and type

frequency, intensity, time, and type

The main function of chromium is to __________. participate in DNA and RNA synthesis increase insulin's effectiveness in cells participate in oxidation-reduction reactions maintain healthy teeth

increase insulin's effectiveness in cells

Excess vitamin E can lead to __________. decreased function of anticoagulant medications such as Coumadin increased HDL levels and reduced cardiovascular disease risk increased hemorrhage risk increased risk of nerve damage

increased hemorrhage risk

The impact of drinking moderate amounts of caffeine on fluid balance is __________. insignificant water loss water retention significant water loss unknown; research is inconclusive

insignificant water loss

In the electron transport chain, the passing of electrons to complete the production of ATP can be slowed by __________. iron deficiency lack of exercise low calcium intake large meals

iron deficiency

The "% Daily Value" column on a food table indicates whether a food falls within the Average Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR). is energy dense or nutrient dense. is high or low in nutrients and other dietary substances. meets Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) values.

is high or low in nutrients and other dietary substances.

Carmen has started a low-carb diet to lose weight quickly. She watches her food intake very carefully, and begins by eating no carbohydrates at all. After three days of being deprived of carbohydrates, her body uses what process for fuel? ketogenesis glycogenesis lipogenesis glycolysis

ketogenesis

An unbalanced diet severely deficient in protein (though often containing carbohydrate-rich foods) can result in __________; edema is a classic symptom. dehydration weight gain and accumulation of excess body fat kwashiorkor osteoporosis

kwashiorkor

To avoid developing macrocytic anemia (larger than normal red blood cells due to slow DNA synthesis), consume _________, good sources of ________, respectively. sweet potatoes and meat; vitamin A and iron leafy greens and legumes; folate and iron leafy greens and animal products; folate and vitamin B12 dairy products and meat; vitamin B6 and B12

leafy greens and animal products; folate and vitamin B12

The exchange system is based on the kilocalories and __________ of foods. glycemic index micronutrients satiety macronutrients

macronutrients

An overweight adult who has been overweight all of his life, experiences easy weight gain after successful weight-loss attempts, and feels his genes are resisting his efforts at weight loss is illustrating a belief in __________. gene-environment interaction set point theory the actions of the hypothalamus single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)

set point theory

High dietary intake of which major mineral is associated with hypertension? phosphorus potassium sodium calcium

sodium

A drawback of using height and weight tables to estimate healthy weight ranges is that __________. tables are based on nude weights, but patients in clinics today are often weighed in clothes and shoes tables are not representative of the entire U.S. population tables only account for subcutaneous fat, not visceral fat complex calculations can produce errors

tables are not representative of the entire U.S. population

The primary reason(s) people prefer certain foods is/are __________. habit food availability taste and enjoyment advertising

taste and enjoyment

Who regulates the labeling on all packaged foods? the FDA the USDA Congress the National Institute of Health

the FDA

The government-funded program that provides food assistance for nutritionally at-risk mothers is __________. the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Medicare Meals on Wheels

the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)

Who may benefit from vitamin supplementation? middle-aged adults taking multivitamins to fill gaps in dietary intake older adults taking vitamin E to decrease risk of heart disease middle-aged adults taking multivitamins to increase cognitive function vegetarians taking vitamin D supplements due to decreased dietary sources

vegetarians taking vitamin D supplements due to decreased dietary sources

Which kind of fat is associated with increased risk of health problems? brown adipose tissue (BAT) essential fat visceral fat subcutaneous fat

visceral fat

People who have undergone gastric bypass surgery are at risk for deficiencies of which nutrients? calcium and vitamin D vitamin B6 and folate vitamin B12 and iron essential fatty acids and vitamin K

vitamin B12 and iron

One reason for the lack of a healthy diet in the United States may be __________. the fear of contamination where we eat the lack of healthy food who we eat with

where we eat

Which of the following meals would be a good choice to eat 3 to 4 hours before exercise? white toast with jam and low-fat yogurt eggs, bacon, and white toast an 8-ounce sports drink a turkey sandwich on whole-wheat bread

white toast with jam and low-fat yogurt

Which scenario below illustrates an example of a dietary factor influencing the promotion stage of cancer development? A puree diet is required because the presence of a tumor in the esophagus makes swallowing difficult. Alcohol stimulates damaged cells to divide and multiply. A cell is exposed to excess dietary fat, which damages its DNA. A cell is exposed to smoke, which damages its DNA.

Alcohol stimulates damaged cells to divide and multiply.

Which of the following is true regarding breast milk and the benefits of breast-feeding? The nutrient composition of breast milk changes as infants grow to match their needs. Breast milk is high in protein to support muscle growth and development. Breast milk provides the complete profile of vitamins and minerals. Breast-feeding reduces the risk of passing harmful toxins to infants.

The nutrient composition of breast milk changes as infants grow to match their needs.

Insoluble fiber can help to reduce constipation. True False

True

Malnutrition can be either undernutrition or overnutrition. True False

True

The process of hydrogenation makes unsaturated fats more saturated. True False

True

Exchange lists group foods together based on their nutrient content in each of the following areas except fat. protein. carbohydrates. vitamins.

Vitamins

The most abundant nutrient(s) found in the human body is/are __________. carbohydrates fat protein water

Water

Lipids are hydrophobic, which means __________. water fearing water loving rancid indigestible

Water fearing

The best way to meet all nutrient needs and also provide a variety of compounds that may help prevent chronic disease is to consume __________. a well-balanced diet eight glasses of water daily to cleanse the body one functional food at each meal a multivitamin daily

a well-balanced diet

The only source of energy that can be used directly by the cells is __________. adenosine triphosphate (ATP) glucose creatine phosphate adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

The primary pathway to metabolize low volumes of alcohol is the __________. alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme system brain-based metabolic pathway microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) catalase enzyme system

alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme system

Overweight men tend to have a higher risk of heart disease than women because they tend to have __________, in which extra fat is stored in the abdomen. gynoid obesity pear-shaped fat patterning android obesity subcutaneous

android obesity

Which of the following outlines the ABCDs of nutrition assessment? anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary intake anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and deficiencies analogy, biochemical, care plan, and dietary intake anthropometric, body type, clinical, and deficiencies

anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary intake

The unique properties of individual amino acids is due to: the side chain the nitrogen atom the carboxyl group the amine group

the side chain

Tim is a goalie on the local men's soccer team. After a great game on Saturday, he weighs himself in the gym and is surprised to see that he's lost 2 pounds during the game. It's a hot August day, so he know he's lost that weight in water alone; he sweated a lot out there! He heads for the ice chest outside on the field to get something cold to drink. How much water should Tim drink to replenish the water he lost during the game? 16 ounces 20 ounces 40 ounces 60 ounces

40 ounces

Five grams of dietary fat contribute __________ kilocalories. 20 35 45 50

45

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010, a child's daily diet should consist of __________carbohydrate. 10 to 30 percent 75-85 percent 25 to 35 percent 45 to 65 percent

45 to 65 percent

The average adult body is composed of __________ percent water. 25 to 35 45 to 75 65 to 85 75 to 90

45 to 75

To lose 1 pound per week, decrease your caloric intake by about __________ kilocalories per day. 250 357 500 550

500

Not everybody is an athlete like John. For some of us, 100 grams of dietary fat is a lot. Can you calculate the maximum fat intake, in grams, for a 130-pound woman with a 1,800-kilocalorie diet?

70 grams

Calculate the total kcal in the Burger King whopper and round your answer to the nearest whole number. The answer is: 704 kcal 850 kcal 1120 kcal 540 kcal

704 kcal

__________ can be used to assess whether a child is developing at a rate comparable with that of other children of the same age and gender. Growth in height Eating patterns Weight gain A growth chart

A growth chart

To reduce dehydration from consuming alcohol, it's a good idea to __________. eat a large meal before drinking alcohol consume water after drinking alcohol drink beverages, such as beer and wine, that have a high water content drink caffeinated beverages along with alcohol

consume water after drinking alcohol

Energy expended from fidgeting is called __________. thermic effect of exercise (TEE) thermic effect of food (TEF) basal metabolic rate non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)

non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)

The plant stanols/sterols, also called phytosterols, work by decreasing trans fat formation in fried foods. interacting with dietary fiber to bind fat in the small intestine. decreasing the ability of cholesterol to bind to artery walls. reducing cholesterol absorption in the small intestine and lowering its return to the liver.

reducing cholesterol absorption in the small intestine and lowering its return to the liver.

The dietary enzyme that begins breaking down carbohydrates in the mouth is __________. salivary amylase sucrase lactase maltase

salivary amylase

The state of being satisfactorily full, which inhibits the ability to eat more food, is __________. appetite satiation set point hunger

satiation

In times of carbohydrate deprivation, the body can create glucose from amino acids in a process called __________. cellular uptake glycogenesis gluconeogenesis glycogenolysis

gluconeogenesis

"Soluble fiber can help lower cholesterol" is an example of a __________. structure/function claim food label health claim nutrient content claim

health claim

The two essential fatty acids are __________. linoleic acid and sterol linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid chylomicrons and VLDLs cholesterol and glycerol

linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid

Transport vehicles for lipids in the blood and lymph are called __________. adipocytes lipoproteins enterocytes micelles

lipoproteins

Dietary lipids containing a high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids are: only produced in the process of hydrogenation solids at room temperature only derived from animal sources liquids at room temperature

liquids at room temperature

An omega-9 fatty acid has its first double bond starting at the ninth carbon from the ____________ . methyl end. acid group. glycerol. alpha end.

methyl end

Foods with natural sugars generally provide __________ compared with foods with added sugars. less fiber and fewer kilocalories more nutrients and more kilocalories fewer nutrients and fewer kilocalories more nutrients and fewer kilocalories

more nutrients and fewer kilocalories

If you are trying to maintain your weight, your best option would be to choose foods that are __________. energy dense low fat labeled as "diet foods" nutrient dense

nutrient dense

When no RDA is established for a nutrient, which of the following reference values is used as the alternative? EAR EER AI UL

AI

Which of the following is NOT a key principle of healthy eating? availability moderation balance variety

Availability

The degree to which a nutrient is absorbed from foods and used in the body is called __________. fortification oxidation bioavailability absorption factor

Bioavailability

A key function of vitamins is to act as __________, catalyzing reactions within the body. enzymes neurotransmitters coenzymes transporters

Coenzymes

Missy visits a doctor because she feels tired most of the time, is easily distracted, and feels chilled. As part of her examination, Missy's weight and height and triceps skin-fold are determined. This part of the evaluation is the: Anthropometric assessment Dietary Intake Biochemical assessment Clinical assessment

Anthropometric assessment

According to the Tufts University research, some menu calorie count items were over the listed number of calories by 100 calories or more. What is the long-term effect on overall body weight from consuming an extra 100 calories a day for one year? 5 pounds of weight gain 10 pounds of weight gain 20 pounds of weight gain 15 pounds of weight gain

10 pounds of weight gain

You have completed a personal diet analysis for your mother. On average, she eats 2,200 kilocalories per day. Since her weight did not significantly change in the last few years, she wants to maintain her kilocalorie intake but wants to make sure she stays within the healthy range with fat consumption. Calculate how many kilocalories in her diet should come from fat.

440, 770 kcal

How many calories does 200 grams of carbohydrate provide? 400 calories 600 calories 800 calories 1,200 calories

800 Calories

According to the study, what can consumers do to control calorie accuracy at chain sit-down restaurants? Do not eat dessert. Control what goes on top of your food — ask for sauces, dressings, and butter on the side. When the entrée arrives, cut it in half, and do not eat the entire portion. Avoid appetizers and complimentary bread.

Control what goes on top of your food — ask for sauces, dressings, and butter on the side.

Why do food manufacturers use trans fatty acids like partially-hydrogenated vegetable oils in packaged and processed foods? Trans fatty acids increase a food's selling price Trans fatty acids decrease the likelihood of foodborne illness. Trans fatty acids contain added vitamins and minerals that promote health Trans fatty acids increase a food's shelf life

Trans fatty acids increase a food's shelf life

Lipoproteins contain all of the following components except phospholipid. protein. carbohydrate. cholesterol.

carbohydrate.

The disaccharides are __________. sucrose, lactose, and maltose fiber and glucose glucose and glycogen glucose, fructose, and galactose

sucrose, lactose, and maltose

According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), the acceptable intake of carbohydrates should make up 15 to 20 percent of daily kilocalories. True False

False

Blake consumes about 2,500 kilocalories daily, including 900 kilocalories from protein sources. The percent of kilocalories from protein in Blake's diet falls within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR). True False

False

Eating a balanced diet means consuming reasonable but not excessive amounts of foods and nutrients. True False

False

In terms of energy density, nuts are less energy dense than lean meats and legumes. True False

False

The Daily Value (DV) for protein is listed if the food is being marketed for children under the age of 4. True False

True

The energy-yielding nutrients are __________. protein and water protein and vitamins carbohydrates, protein, and alcohol carbohydrates, protein, and fats

carbohydrates, protein, and fats

An example of an iron-rich meal or snack would be __________. milk and graham crackers carrot, raisin, and chickpea salad orange juice and cinnamon toast

carrot, raisin, and chickpea salad

Charged ions that conduct electrical currents are __________. diuretics electrons electrolytes antioxidants

electrolytes

People who want to gain weight in a healthy way need to consume additional kilocalories through __________. extra protein supplements energy-dense foods high-fat foods

energy-dense foods

Refined-grain foods to which vitamins and minerals are added back after processing are called __________. fortified health foods enriched processed

enriched

Excess alcohol is stored as __________. fat glycogen pyruvate ATP

fat

Young children need to eat __________. high-calorie snacks three meals per day with minimal snacks frequent, small meals and nutrient-dense foods a large breakfast and dinner with minimal snacking

frequent, small meals and nutrient-dense foods

The nondigestible polysaccharides that are added to foods because of a specific desired effect on human heath are called __________. simple carbohydrates functional fiber soluble fiber insoluble fiber

functional fiber

Which hormone, secreted in the stomach, triggers hunger when the stomach is empty? peptide YY neuropeptide Y ghrelin leptin

ghrelin

Foods that are high in calories but low in weight or volume are called __________. high-energy-dense foods functional foods organic foods low-energy-dense foods

high-energy-dense foods

Too much calcium in the blood is called __________. hypercalcemia hypocalcemia hypertension hyperkalemia

hypercalcemia

Which of the following is a good source of thiamin? milk lean pork white rice, unenriched banana

lean pork

Inorganic elements essential to human nutrition are called __________. carbohydrates minerals fats vitamins

minerals

Metabolism takes place within cells. The powerhouse of the cell is the __________. nucleus cytosol ribosomes mitochondrion

mitochondrion

Which vitamin is part of the structure of acetyl CoA? vitamin B12 folate pantothenic acid niacin

pantothenic acid

All of the following are sources of cholesterol except whole milk. turkey meat. butter. peanut butter.

peanut butter.

To reduce the risk of osteoporosis, adolescents and young adults can __________. perform weight-bearing exercises perform flexibility exercises increase consumption of carbonated beverages to increase dietary phosphorus get enough sleep

perform weight-bearing exercises

Perceiving larger portions of food as appropriate sizes is termed __________. portion distortion poor cooking skills restaurant serving size moderation

portion distortion

Patients taking diuretics are encouraged to consume high-potassium foods such as __________. apples potatoes chicken whole-grain bread

potatoes

Which of the following foods would provide the most potassium? potatoes whole-wheat bread walnuts chicken

potatoes

The mineral best known for its role as an antioxidant is __________. iodine selenium molybdenum iron

selenium

During a meeting with a medical team and dietitian in an outpatient office, a discussion of measuring body composition arises. Which measure is most likely to be used to assess body composition in this setting? BMI dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) hydrostatic weighing skinfold-thickness calipers

skinfold-thickness calipers

The claim "calcium builds strong bones" is an example of a __________. nutrition fact health claim structure/function claim nutrient content claim

structure/function claim

Carbohydrates' main role in the body is to __________. build muscle supply fuel increase immune function make hormones

supply fuel

The best place to identify whether sugars have been added to a food product is __________. the front of the food label the nutrition facts panel the ingredients list nutrient content claim

the ingredients list

A key difference between omega-3 fatty acids and omega-6 fatty acids is __________. hydrogenation of the omega bond omega-6 fatty acids never become rancid the configuration or shape around the double bond the location of the first double bond

the location of the first double bond

Which vitamin acts as a coenzyme for more than 100 enzymes, most of which are involved in protein metabolism? vitamin B12 vitamin B6 vitamin K vitamin C

vitamin B6

A difference between vitamins and vitamin-like compounds is that __________. vitamin-like compounds can be synthesized by the body vitamin-like compounds do not cause toxicity vitamin-like compounds provide 4 kcal/gram while vitamins are not an energy source vitamin-like compounds act as coenzymes and vitamins act as enzymes

vitamin-like compounds can be synthesized by the body

The six categories of nutrients include carbohydrates, protein, fat, __________. vitamins, iron, and water vitamins, minerals, and water vitamins, lipids, and water

vitamins, minerals, and water

Susan also wants to consume 15% of her daily kcal in the form of protein. Based on the information given above, how many grams of protein could she consume each day. 50 grams of protein 75 grams of protein 133 grams of protein 330 grams of protein

75 grams of protein

Spencer is a 42-year-old elementary teacher and maintains a physically active lifestyle. He needs 2,800 kilocalories daily to maintain a healthy weight. Given the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), what is the maximum daily kilocalories from fat that Spencer should consume? 560 kilocalories 1,260 kilocalories 280 kilocalories 980 kilocalories

980 kilocalories

If an individual were not exposed to enough sunlight, then Vitamin D would be considered: an inorganic nutrient a non-essential nutrient a conditionally essential nutrient

a conditionally essential nutrient

Which of the following people has the highest kilocalorie needs? a moderately active adolescent female a moderately active male toddler a sedentary school-aged male a very active 5-year-old female preschooler

a moderately active adolescent female

An increase in the size of adipocytes is called __________. hypertrophy hyperplasia hypernatremia adiponectin

hypertrophy

Ingesting megadose levels of vitamin supplements can lead to __________. malnutrition cancer deficiencies hypervitaminosis

hypervitaminosis

Overhydration can lead to a dangerously low level of sodium in the blood, a condition known as __________. hypernatremia hyponatremia hypokalemia hypovolemia

hyponatremia

The area of the brain that controls hunger and appetite is the __________. cerebral cortex frontal lobe cerebellum hypothalamus

hypothalamus

You order a 6 oz. filet mignon steak at Outback with the loaded baked potato and a side of broccoli. After consuming half of the meal, you box up the remaining food and take it home to consume the next day for lunch. Which principle of healthy eating have you used? variety energy density balance moderation

moderation

The ability to produce an amount of force for a brief period of time is __________. muscular strength cardiovascular endurance muscular endurance flexibility

muscular strength

A folate deficiency in pregnancy can result in __________. rickets beriberi neural tube defects pellagra

neural tube defects

One of the roles of vitamin E in the body is to __________. neutralize free radicals before they can harm cell membranes prevent scurvy promote blood clotting increase absorption of calcium

neutralize free radicals before they can harm cell membranes

Which population is at risk for vitamin K deficiency? pregnant women vegetarians older adults on anticoagulant medications newborn infants

newborn infants

A patient with symptoms including dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia (the three Ds) may have a deficiency in __________. vitamin C riboflavin biotin niacin

niacin

After absorption, long-chain fatty acids and monoglycerides inside intestinal cells are: reformed into triglycerides. converted to cholesterol. converted to proteins. converted to glucose.

reformed into triglycerides.

With age, hyperplasia appears to __________. increase slow cause 10 percent of fat cells to die maintain the rate established in childhood

slow

The distinction between the major and trace minerals is __________. their bioavailability the amount required in the diet their importance to body functions the ability of ions to form salts

the amount required in the diet

Which bond is the source of a large amount of energy in reactions involving ATP? the removal of creatine phosphate (forming ADP) the formation of one phosphate bond (forming ATP) the breaking of one phosphate bond (forming ADP) the addition of ribose (a five-carbon sugar molecule)

the breaking of one phosphate bond (forming ADP)

Genetic disorders of metabolism are problematic because they lead to __________. the need to supplement the amino acid that can't be metabolized the buildup of abnormal byproducts the inability to synthesize nonessential amino acids the inability to generate energy through metabolism

the buildup of abnormal byproducts

The most recent edition of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans directly addresses for the first time __________. recommendations for fruits and vegetables information on food safety information on sodium intake the obesity epidemic that is occurring among Americans

the obesity epidemic that is occurring among Americans

Metabolism is defined as __________. the sum of all digestive secretions in the body the sum of all mechanical reactions in the body the end of digestion the sum of all chemical reactions in the body

the sum of all chemical reactions in the body

Energy used for digestion and absorption is called the __________. basal metabolic rate thermic effect of exercise thermic effect of food basal metabolism

thermic effect of food

Why is the federal government requiring chain restaurants, convenience stores, and vending machines to post food and menu calorie counts? to reduce cholesterol levels to stop the obesity epidemic to reduce heart disease to reduce colon cancer

to stop the obesity epidemic

Infants who are allowed to sleep with a bottle containing milk, formula, or juice are at risk for __________. obesity tooth decay food intolerances sleep disorders

tooth decay

The number of kilocalories necessary to balance the energy in with the energy out is called __________. total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) resting metabolic rate (RMR) lean body mass (LBM) basal metabolic rate (BMR)

total daily energy expenditure (TDEE)

Which type of diabetes mellitus is characterized by the inability of pancreatic cells to produce insulin? gestational diabetes type 2 diabetes diabetic ketoacidosis type 1 diabetes

type 1 diabetes

Which of the following statements is false regarding type 2 diabetes? It is common in individuals who are overweight or obese. It is more prevalent than type 1. It is often preceded by insulin resistance. It is an autoimmune disease.

It is an autoimmune disease.

Which of the following enzymes is lacking or insufficient in an individual with lactose intolerance? galactase amylase sucrose lactase

Lactase

Ashley is a student at PCC and on her way to her BIO 169 night class she stops at the Burger King by the campus. She orders a Burger King Whopper with cheese. The nutritional information for the whopper is given below: 51g of total carbohydrate, 26g of protein, 44g of total fat, 85 mg cholesterol, 1260 mg of sodium. (The abbreviation for grams is "g" and the abbreviation for milligrams is "mg"))

Question

A rare genetic disorder that prevents the body from excreting copper and results in accumulation of copper in the body is __________. Keshan disease Wilson's disease hemochromatosis Menkes' disease

Wilson's disease

Which recommendation regarding exercise during pregnancy is accurate? Vigorous exercise, such as running, should be discontinued in favor of safer activities. Women should get daily exercise (about 2.5 hours throughout the week). Women should avoid formal exercise to reduce risk of hypoglycemia.

Women should get daily exercise (about 2.5 hours throughout the week).

Which of the following patients is at his or her peak bone mass? a 12-year-old girl a 15-year-old boy a 25-year-old male graduate student a 56-year-old postmenopausal woman

a 25-year-old male graduate student

Which one of the following populations is likely to be in negative nitrogen balance? a 65-year-old woman a 45-year-old adult after surgery a 14-year-old teenager a 30-year-old pregnant woman

a 45-year-old adult after surgery

Most major congenital anomalies occur __________. in the first nine weeks of pregnancy prior to implantation in the third trimester in the second trimester

in the first nine weeks of pregnancy

__________ deficiency can interrupt a child's cognition, behavior, and neurodevelopment. Iron Calcium Vitamin D Vitamin K

iron

Julie made a fresh fruit salad with half a cup of sliced peaches (1 g protein, 0 g fat, 14 g carbohydrates), half a cup of sliced pears (0 g protein, 0 g fat, 19 g carbohydrates), and half a cup of sectioned nectarines (1 g protein, 0 g fat, 13 g carbohydrates). How many kilocalories did Julie consume from the salad? 254 188 98 342

188

For a serving of a particular food to be considered high in a certain nutrient, the item must contain at least what percentage of the nutrient's Daily Value (DV)? 20 percent 15 percent 10 percent 18 percent

20 percent

The energy gap is about 8 kilocalories per pound of lost weight. Bill has just lost 25 pounds, so he needs __________ fewer kilocalories per day to maintain his weight loss. 100 150 200 300

200

A slice of beef steak provides 24 grams of protein and 15 grams of fat. How many calories does it provide? 168 calories 228 calories 231 calories 330 calories

231 C

What is the minimum Adequate Intake (AI) of fiber for adults per day? 20 25 15

25

_______________ are lipoproteins made of dietary fat surrounded by a shell of cholesterol, phospholipids, and protein that acts to transport absorbed fat. High-density lipoproteins Very-low-density lipoproteins Chylomicrons Low-density lipoproteins

Chylomicrons

__________ is the process of improving physical fitness through repeated activity. Working out Aerobic exercise Conditioning Exercise

Conditioning

What is the impact of a high-sodium diet over time? Diets high in sodium can reduce absorption of potassium, resulting in hypokalemia. Diets high in sodium can lead to excessive sodium excretion by the kidneys, resulting in hypotension. Diets high in sodium can lead to fluid retention and high blood pressure. Diets high in sodium interrupt communication between the hypothalamus and kidneys.

Diets high in sodium can lead to fluid retention and high blood pressure.

Ingredients on the food label must be labeled in ascending order by weight, with the heaviest items listed last. True False

False

Ordinary table sugar is a monosaccharide. True False

False

__________ are a child's tendency to want to eat the same foods meal after meal. Food allergies Food preferences Food intolerances Food jags

Food jags

Which of the following sugars is the sweetest? maltose galactose glucose fructose

Fructose

Which of the following prefer(s) utilizing lipids as fuel? red blood cells nervous system heart brain

Heart

The inorganic nutrients are __________. minerals and water carbohydrates and water fats and water vitamins and minerals

Minerals and Water

Which food contains the most carbohydrates? 1 cup of low-fat milk 1/2 cup of raisins 1 tablespoon of peanut butter 1 cup of cooked corn

1/2 cup of raisins

Wilson's 20-year high school reunion is six months away. He wants to look and feel good when he plays golf with his old classmates. On his doctor's advice, Wilson plans to follow the National Institutes of Health guidelines for healthy weight loss over six months. He currently weighs 230 pounds. If Wilson sticks with the NIH recommendations, how much will he weigh at his reunion? 190 pounds 200 pounds 207 pounds 215 pounds

207 pounds

If you weigh 250 pounds and are initiating an effort to lose weight in a healthy way, how much weight should you lose over a six-month period, according to the National Institutes of Health? 12.5 pounds 20 pounds 25 pounds 50 pounds

25 pounds

Dr. Simon's team is conducting a study on the relationship between iron and vitamin C intakes and the rate of infections in a small population of college students. Members of the team need to assess the intake of these two nutrients in the subjects. What would be a good method to employ? Interview family members closely associated with the subjects and ask for their opinions on what the subjects typically eat. Give the participants a food frequency questionnaire to fill out. Take the participants out to lunch and observe what each one orders. Have the participants pick out their favorite foods from a list.

Give the participants a food frequency questionnaire to fill out.

All of the following must be printed on a food label except potassium, folic acid, and chloride levels. name and address of the manufacturer or distributor. ingredients in descending order by weight.

IDK

Which of the following statements is false regarding sugar substitutes? They are approved by the FDA. They do not promote dental caries. They all affect glucose levels.

IDK

The role of high-protein diets in several disease states is still unclear, but it is thought that __________ from high-protein diets may contribute to conditions such as osteoporosis and kidney stones. increased saturated fat intake prioritization of calcium absorption increased acid increased pH levels

Increased acid

The area on the food label that provides a list of specific nutrients obtained in one serving of the food is referred to as the Nutrition Facts panel. Daily Values panel. Nutrient Facts panel. Nutrition Information panel.

Nutrition Facts Panel

Susan wants to follow a low fat diet that limits her fat intake to 20% of her total daily kcalorie intake. Her total daily kcal intake is 2000 kcalories.

Question

Why would you use RMR instead of BMR to estimate energy expenditure? RMR requires less precise conditions to obtain a measurement of energy expenditure. RMR accounts for decreased metabolic activity of adipose tissue. RMR is a more accurate measure of energy expenditure. RMR accounts for decreased metabolic activity during sleep.

RMR requires less precise conditions to obtain a measurement of energy expenditure.

An example of a biotin-rich meal consists of __________. a peanut butter sandwich on whole-wheat bread chocolate chip cookies potatoes with homemade aioli (containing raw eggs) salad greens with balsamic dressing

a peanut butter sandwich on whole-wheat bread

What is a food allergen? an amino acid that stimulates an inflammatory response a protein that causes an adverse immune reaction when ingested a group of proteins from animal products, such as milk and seafood, that the body can't digest a carbohydrate (such as lactose) that the body can't digest

a protein that causes an adverse immune reaction when ingested

"Low sodium" is an example of a __________. health claim nutrient content claim nutrition fact structure/function claim

nutrient content claim

What substance does the pancreas secrete when blood glucose falls? glycogen glucagon insulin ketone bodies

glucagon

Protein can be converted to glucose through the anabolic reaction __________. gluconeogenesis glycogenesis glycolysis glycogenolysis

gluconeogenesis

Which of the following is an anabolic reaction? transamination glycogenolysis beta-oxidation gluconeogenesis

gluconeogenesis

Pregnant and nursing women should limit the amount of certain types of fish they eat because fish __________. contain low levels of protein are too high in salt contain omega-3 fatty acids may contain high levels of methylmercury

may contain high levels of methylmercury

A drawback to the Harris-Benedict equation for estimating energy needs is that it __________. may underestimate kcal needs for very overweight people does not account for physical activity may underestimate kcal needs for very muscular people is used only for women

may underestimate kcal needs for very muscular people

Treatment for eating disorders includes __________. aggressive rehydration and refeeding medications to provide a "quick fix" jumpstart to the treatment process meal plans to help ensure adequacy and normalized eating patterns none of the listed choices; eating disorders cannot be treated

meal plans to help ensure adequacy and normalized eating patterns

Parents can play a role in children's eating behaviors, so it's a good idea for parents to __________. model eating a varied diet allow children to determine what to eat encourage children to clean their plate

model eating a varied diet

Consumption of which dietary fat lowers LDL cholesterol levels but maintains (or improves) HDL levels? trans fat saturated fat polyunsaturated fat monounsaturated fat

monounsaturated fat

One of the biggest risks of childhood obesity is that __________. obesity will hamper academic success obesity will become normalized and children will not receive needed treatment obesity will develop into binge eating disorder obesity will continue into adulthood

obesity will continue into adulthood

Phospholipids make good emulsifiers because __________. they are saturated they are dense they taste great one end is hydrophilic, or water loving

one end is hydrophilic, or water loving

A breakfast high in antioxidants would include __________. eggs orange juice milk whole-grain toast

orange juice

The concentration of particles in a solution that controls the directional flow of water is __________. osmosis osmolality permeability osmotic pressure

osmolality

A man with a body mass index of 26.5 is considered __________. overweight obese healthy underweight

overweight

Daily water needs vary according to an individual's __________. physical activity level, environment, and sleep pattern physical activity level, occupation, and environment physical activity level, sleep pattern, and diet physical activity level, environment, and diet

physical activity level, environment, and diet

The MyPlate icon is a visual representation of the concept of __________. nutrient density portion sizes adequacy proportionality

proportionality

One cup of whole milk contains 8 g of fat. One cup of reduced-fat milk contains 5 g of fat. What is the approximate difference in their caloric value, assuming protein and carbohydrate content are equivalent in both cups? 30 kilocalories 27 kilocalories 21 kilocalories 12 kilocalories

27 kcal

Which of the following meals is the best source of vitamin D? 2-egg omelet with 1 ounce cheddar cheese, 8 ounces orange juice 3-ounce salmon fillet, ½ cup broccoli, 8 ounces soymilk 1 cup lentil soup, 1 slice whole-wheat bread with butter, 5-ounce glass of wine

3-ounce salmon fillet, ½ cup broccoli, 8 ounces soymilk

During the second trimester, a pregnant woman should consume an additional __________ kilocalories daily. 200 240 340 440

340

A waist circumference of __________ inches or more for women indicates central obesity and increases the risk of disease. 28 30 35 40

35

A provitamin is __________. another name for preformed vitamins inorganic not found in food a vitamin precursor that is converted to a vitamin in the body

a vitamin precursor that is converted to a vitamin in the body

You want to ensure you're getting enough iron in your diet, and you know a specific water-soluble vitamin helps absorb nonheme iron. Which meal listed below is a good example of this relationship? a spinach salad with orange slices a cup of yogurt with berries Caesar salad with croutons sliced roast beef with vitamin-D-fortified milk

a spinach salad with orange slices

Which of the following is/are a good source of iron for 1- to 2-year-old children? french fries a tuna sandwich pureed vegetables cow's milk

a tuna sandwich

Excess carbohydrates in the diet are first stored as __________. ATP ketone bodies glycogen fat

glycogen

The storage form of glucose in animals, including humans, is __________. starch glycogen polysaccharides cellulose

glycogen

If you haven't eaten for a few (about four) hours, the body initiates __________, using __________ glycogen stores to increase blood glucose levels. glycogenolysis; liver gluconeogenesis; liver glycogenolysis; muscle glycogenesis; liver and muscle

glycogenolysis; liver

The first step in forming ATP from glucose is __________. pyruvate glycolysis gluconeogenesis glucagon

glycolysis

The enlargement of the thyroid gland, mostly because of iodine deficiency, is known as __________. goiter anemia rickets diarrhea

goiter

Colin has just come for a visit with his grandparents in their retirement community. His grandmother's eyesight has been failing lately and she tells him she has been diagnosed with macular degeneration. They go down to dinner in the communal dining room. Colin knows that vitamin A is good for eyesight, so he wants to choose a meal that will be high in vitamin A. Which meal supplies lots of vitamin A? Italian sausage with pasta and cream sauce roasted chicken breast, brown rice, and Brussels sprouts grilled liver and onions, and a baked sweet potato shrimp stir fry with cauliflower and white rice

grilled liver and onions, and a baked sweet potato

Vitamins can be destroyed by __________. heat mixing foods together refrigeration cutting and chopping

heat

A person exercising in hot, humid weather who experiences nausea, dizziness, dry skin without sweating, and shallow breathing likely has __________. heat exhaustion dehydration heat stroke hypohydration

heat stroke

Controllable risk factors for heart disease include __________. high blood pressure and smoking type 1 diabetes and physical activity age and family history smoking and gender

high blood pressure and smoking

Excessive vomiting during pregnancy that can lead to dehydration and loss of electrolytes is called __________. bulimia nervosa preeclampsia hyperemesis gravidarum pica

hyperemesis gravidarum