Nutrition Quiz 2 - Chapter 6

What are some functions of protein?

Proteins are used for: building, repair, maintenance, hormones, immune function, & fluid balance.

How does protein differ from the other energy nutrients?

Proteins differ structurally from Carbohydrates and Fat because they contain Nitrogen and sometimes Sulfur.

What is the structural difference between the Amino Acids?

The structure of Amino Acids are similar except for a "side chain" which is different for each Amino Acid; the side chain gives the Amino Acid it's character.

Define a Vegan Vegetarian

A person that does not eat any products of animal origin.

What is Marasmus?

It is a form of PEM. It is when a person is very thin. It is thought to be caused by energy deficiency; chronic inadequate intake of food - energy, vitamins, minerals as well as too little protein.

What is Kwashiorkor?

It is a form of PEM. This is when a person has swollen body, skin rash. May be caused by severe, acute malnutrition with too little protein to support body functions. Often affects the first born; when second child is born, the first child is weaned from breast milk and given diluted cereal that is low in protein and low quality. May resemble Marasmus but often without severe wasting of body fat.

What is a proteins structure?

Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen and arranged in strands of amino acids. Some amino acids also contain sulfur. The main difference the sets protein aside from carbohydrates and fats is that proteins contain nitrogen atoms in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

What are the two types of PEM?

Marasmus & Kwashiorkor

Is excess protein needed to build muscle?

No, excess intake offers no benefits and may pose health risks. Often, easy to get excess protein through a "normal" mixed diet. People in developed countries usually get enough protein. Excessive intake may result in: obesity, accelerated bone loss, possible stress on organs, dehydration, & excess fat/saturated fat intake.

How many Amino Acids are essential?

Of the twenty amino acids nine are essential to your diet because they can not be made by your cells.

Define PEM

PEM stands for: Protein Energy Malnutrition. It is prevalent in African, Central America, South America, Near East, Far east, & developing countries. Generally strikes early in childhood but also endangers many adults. Some signs and symptoms include: poor growth (children), weight loss, and wasting (adults).

What is a protein made of?

There are approximately 20 Amino Acids that make-up protein.

What are peptide bonds?

They are things that hold protein strand together. Peptide bonds can link from several dozen to as many as 300 Amino Acids together.