OB Ch. 2-8 Quizes

The transactional theory of stress holds that benign job demands are a work-related hindrance stressor.

False

The value-percept theory utilizes three critical psychological states to measure job satisfaction.

False

The first step in a job analysis is to list the activities involved in the job.

true

The performance-avoid orientation is associated with high levels of anxiety and lower levels of learning.

true

Transfer of training occurs when the knowledge, skills, and behaviors used on the job are maintained by the learner once training ends and generalized to the workplace once the learner returns to the job.

true

In 1989, Jeffrey Wigand was a scientist working for the tobacco company Brown and Williamson. When he discovered that the company was adding carcinogenic substances to increase the impact of its tobacco, he was fired from his job. In 1996, he went on the TV news show 60 Minutes to reveal this information to the public. His allegations resulted in many state lawsuits that ultimately won $368 billion in settlements against the company, along with greater scrutiny of the tobacco industry. This scenario reflects Wigand's

whistleblowing

Kwame, Rosalinda, and Sven work at Security First Trust and National Reserve, a medium-sized bank with 240 branches in eight states. Kwame works as a teller. Rosalinda works as one of five regional supervisors, each of whom is expected to supervise a team of tellers. Kwame recently received instructions from his supervisor that all tellers will be evaluated on the number of people they assist at their window per day. Serving more customers means higher performance effectiveness. However, Kwame is also expected to follow the bank's number-one goal of customer satisfaction. Rosalinda is facing her own challenges. Two of the regional supervisors suddenly left the bank for other opportunities, resulting in a significant increase in work responsibility and time pressure for Rosalinda and the remaining two supervisors. Just two days before the two regional supervisors quit, the bank hired Sven as a supervisor trainee. With

work hinderance

Service jobs in which employees often make direct contact with customers are high in emotional labor.

True

When employees engage in moonlighting, they use work time and resources to complete something other than their job duties, such as assignments for another job.

True

Withdrawal behavior is a set of actions employees perform to avoid the work situation.

True

Omar and Sari work as designers at Hologram Marketing. Recently, Sari's husband got a new job in a city 50 miles away, and they have decided to move there. Sari already has a new job lined up that pays about the same as her current one and has a better benefits package, but she is sad about leaving because she has made so many close friends during her 15 years at Hologram. Omar is relatively new to the company, having just completed his design degree a few months ago. He completed an internship while in school, but Hologram was the first agency to make him a job offer. Sari tells him she has considered turning down the job offer in the new city and commuting to Hologram instead. She then asks Omar how he feels about working at Hologram. How would Omar most likely respond?

"It's a great offer, but I'd never leave unless I had to. Even though I haven't been here as long as you, I felt welcomed right away."

use of essays, critical incidents, and graphic rating scales would be most appropriate in a(n) ---- system of evaluating competencies

Absolute

Josie, Ignacio, Myra, Randall, and Dinesh work in the human resources department at an educational software company. In the next two weeks, one of them will quit. Based on their behavior, who do you think will be the one to leave?

Dinesh, who always arrives late and leaves early and has been out sick four times in the last six weeks

Which of the following is an example of a Type A Behavior Pattern?

During weekly meetings, Sharona talks over other people and is always in a hurry to get back to her desk and get back to work.

A sense of self-determination is a strong driver of extrinsic motivation.

False

Which of the following situations demonstrates the connection between hindrance stressors and organizational commitment?

Hilary's manager constantly makes unreasonable demands that force her to work long hours, and as a result she is looking for another job.

Which of the following is an example of problem-focused coping?

In order to meet a pending deadline, Ava chooses to wear noise canceling headphones and set her phone to ring through to voicemail while she focuses on achieving her goal.

The term "focus of commitment" can refer to each of the following, except

Industry Regulations

How do organizations determine what constitutes task performance for a specific job?

Job Analysis

According to the value-percept theory, in which of the following scenarios would the employee be the most dissatisfied?

Levente wants to work with people, so he took a job with a boat tour company. He didn't realize most of his hours would be spent alone doing paperwork.

Lourdes' boss, Miguel, has a temper and has been known to chew employees out for minor infractions, and his behavior is changing the workplace. Given what you know about trust, what is Lourdes most likely experiencing?

Lourdes finds herself working more slowly and erratically as she steels herself for another one of Miguel's outbursts.

Which of the following is an example of behavioral coping?

Marcel asks his manager for advice on how to create a spreadsheet to track defective items.

People often describe flow as being "in the zone" and report heightened states of clarity, control, and concentration. In which of the following scenarios would the person involved most likely experience a flow state?

Megan has been using skills to write a proposal for a project that will be challenging

________________ is a continuous process of identifying, measuring, and developing the performance of individuals and teams and aligning performance with the strategic goals of the organization

Performance Management

As a team leader for C & C Engineering, Colin needs to choose the best possible candidate to head up a sensitive project. The client had worked with another engineering firm whose inexperience resulted in structural defects that need to be corrected, and now they have brought the project to Colin's firm. They want someone who can get up to speed on the project quickly and make sound decisions on the job. With little room for error, Colin's best choice for project manager would be

Roland, who experienced a number of failures early in his career two decades ago but went back to school and set out to learn his trade from the bottom up, taking on new and different projects along the way.

Which of these is more likely to be included in a job description/job posting?

Routine Tasks

The ________ model suggests that employees who have direct linkages with "leavers" will themselves become more likely to leave.

Social Influence

Which of the following examples demonstrates the most effective recovery activity?

Tara is in a book club which meets once a month, so she reads a bit of the book each night before going to sleep.

Which of the following scenarios involving Tisha, a nurse at a major metropolitan hospital, depicts a situation where her ratio of outcomes to inputs is lower than her comparison other?

Valerie, a nurse with less experience than Tisha, gets first choice of vacation days, which is supposed to be done by seniority.

Chloe loves her job, admires her boss, and believes in the goals and vision of the company she works for. She cannot imagine looking for or finding a better job. Chloe most likely is demonstrating

a high level of affective commitment

Mariel is in the market to buy a used car. Her friend Mika tells her that she should avoid City Motors. Mika's boyfriend bought his car there, and it breaks down constantly. Mariel talks to several other friends who agree with Mika. Their judgment reflects the fact that City Motors has

a poor reputation

Laraine's team leaders challenged members to come up with a marketing campaign for the new phone they were introducing. Laraine, who studied marketing and public relations in college, reviewed numerous articles, studied the new phone thoroughly, and came up with a campaign that received good reviews from her team leaders. Her success in creating a good campaign for the new phone completely on her own reflects her

ability

How does job satisfaction positively affect job performance?

by increasing task performance

Of the knowledge contained in organizations, 90 percent is explicit knowledge.

false

Research shows that employees with low job satisfaction experience strong positive feelings when they think about their duties or take part in their task activities.

false

The purpose of the behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS) is to:

evaluate a good or bad performance

The 360-degree performance feedback involves the evaluation of employee by

everyone in direct contact with the ratee

Research shows that even people with a strong sense of moral identity are still highly susceptible to situational pressures.

false

The leadership at Morgan Industrial Chemicals has been confronted with a crisis: someone incorrectly filed a purchase order from a key client, thus resulting in a shipment of the wrong materials. Not knowing this, the client proceeded to make use of the chemicals—with disastrous results. This has never happened to the company before, and although they have procedures for addressing various contingencies, the situation at hand requires quick thinking. The task of addressing the problem has fallen to Beth, who is an experienced manager, and she readily comes up with a solution. However, at first glance her idea sounds counterintuitive, and she needs the immediate support of her entire team to get behind her idea quickly. Therefore, she should

explain the situation, present her solution and reasoning, point out what the team should be on the lookout for, and invite feedback from team members.

Alejandro hires Leona as a new sales coordinator at Rainproof Outdoor Gear after the previous coordinator quit unexpectedly. After she completes orientation, Alejandro needs Leona to quickly plan an upcoming sales meeting for all of the company's field sales representatives, who will be gathering at the office in a week to go over the new product line. Three days before the meeting, Alejandro observes Leona in a conference room pacing back and forth and wearing a slightly dazed expression as she shuffles papers around on the table. . When he asks if she needs help, Leona smiles and says, "Nope! I've got it all under control." However, Alejandro can tell she is struggling to get things right. Based on what you know about the different types of work hindrance stressors, what should Alejandro do to help lessen Leona's stressors?

explain to Leona the basic requirements for the meetings and provide her with the expected times and locations needed for each group presentation

Employees who feel a sense of continuance commitment identify with the organization, accept that organization's goals and values, and are more willing to exert extra effort on behalf of the organization.

false

Exercise programs are particularly successful because they reduce the types of stressors that employees encounter.

false

Leticia has been assigned a task for which she knows that she does not have the necessary skills or knowledge. However, she really wants the bonus she can earn by completing the task. According to expectancy theory, Leticia will be highly motivated to complete the task.

false

Most people appraise situations with high time pressure as rather stressful, and they also tend to appraise these situations as more hindering than challenging.

false

Over the course of a week, various coworkers confide in you about their states of feeling. Which of the following scenarios are you most likely to characterize as a mood rather than an emotion?

for some unknown reason, vasil felt vaguely irritable at work for days

Libby is a mid-level supervisor in a university administrative office. Some of the employees feel the office lacks true equity. Libby has to do employee evaluations soon. What action should Libby take to reduce the feelings of inequity associated with her office?

give employees honest evaluation scores based on their performance, good or bad

An example of political deviance is

gossip

Sarah had been on sick leave for two weeks and when she returned Evan helped her catch up on her routine duties. Evan is

helping, an interpersonal behavior

Pamela's sales have been slipping for the last four quarters, but this has not adversely affected her performance ratings. As her boss, Paul, observes, "Things are tough all over, and especially in that northeastern territory where she's working. I do not think anybody else could have done any better, given the same situation." This indicates ________ attribution.

high consensus resulting in an external

Employees at Carpet Lot were given a survey about the workplace. One of the questions asked them about their wages. Which of the following respondents gave a response that shows a belief in a high level of instrumentality at Carpet Lot?

irvin, who said wages are determined by employee job performance

The moderate correlation between learning and job performance may be underestimated because

it is difficult to measure tacit knowledge, which is relevant to task performance, due to its unspoken nature.

Saki, Jake, and Tamar have different ideas about what makes a job satisfying. They all work for a nonprofit relief agency and travel to areas where disasters have occurred to render assistance to victims. The pay is not high, and there can be extreme health risks because contagious diseases often break out in disaster zones due to the resulting poor sanitation. Their coworkers are friendly, intelligent, and generally nice. Saki feels strongly that she wants to be able to make a difference and help people when they are in trouble. Jake worries deeply about expenses. He has a large load of student debt to pay off, and his wife is expecting their second child. Tamar tolerates teamwork but isn't thrilled by it, and she also has mild anxiety about germs. Which of the following statements is most likely true?

jake most likely has the lowest job satisfaction

Blaine's coworker, Tamika, has accused him of sexual harassment, but Blaine denies it. Though there is little evidence to support either person's claims, their supervisor, Yessi, is inclined to believe Tamika. She knows that Blaine had a DUI just a few years back, and he was once reprimanded for mismanaging company funds. Yessi's judgment is one of ________ attribution.

low distinctiveness resulting in an internal

Sunshine Foods, Inc., has a human resources policy that does not allow its newly hired employees to work on committee projects or get involved in union meetings. This is done to ensure that the new employees can concentrate on their work without getting distracted. Which of the following allocation norms has Sunshine Foods adopted?

need norm

Hector works as an assistant coach for the Boise Geysers in the U.S. Basketball Association. Recently, he was offered the position of head coaching duties with the Boulder Mountain Goats. Although their offer was very attractive, and it would have been a huge career move for Hector, he declined the offer. He felt it was with Geysers that he had learned and developed as a coach and that staying with the team was the right thing to do. This is an example of ________ commitment.

normative

Which of the following has been identified as both a hygiene and motivational factor in research done on Herzberg's two-factor theory?

pay

Pratique Solutions offers jobs that require creativity and hires people who are enthusiastic and friendly. Their pay scale meets the industry norm but does not exceed it, and managers tend to stay at the same job level for a long time. In which of the following areas would Pratique Solutions score low on in a JDI survey?

pay satisfaction and coworker satisfaction

Maslow's hierarchy of needs model begins with _____ needs and ends with _____ needs.

physiological, self-actualization,

Which of the following scenarios deals with satisfaction with the work itself?

piotr enjoys his job because he constantly faces new challenges

Soon after becoming the new manager of operations at the Cooper Motors, a local car dealership, Finn discovers that employees are coming in late to work, taking long breaks, and behaving unprofessionally while on the job. After considering the situation, he introduces a new set of guidelines, along with contingencies of reinforcement. Those who show up on time, do not exceed their allotted break schedules, and show themselves behaving professionally at all times while on duty during the next month will enjoy a steak dinner, courtesy of management. Those who fail to meet the requirements, on the other hand, will be invited to stay late for three nights in a row and attend an unpaid training session. The contingencies Finn is planning to implement—the steak dinner on the one hand and the unpaid training sessions on the other—are, respectively,

positive reinforcement and punishment.

While fulfilling the ethical component of corporate social responsibility, an organization does what is right, just, and fair. This suggests that the organization has reached the ________ level of moral development.

principled

Manuela and Noor were angry when they found out that their HR Department asked top executives for input on whether to create an onsite childcare facility, but did not ask any other employees. Manuela and Noor feel that ________ justice is not being served.

procedural

Synergy Laboratories has a very liberal atmosphere in which all employees are welcome to participate in the decision-making process. The company values the feedback and suggestions given by the employees, who in turn are pleased that they are able to express their opinions freely. Which of the following dimensions of justice is the company promoting by giving its employees voice?

procedural justice

Alvin is the leader of a team of counselors at a camp for recovering addicts. He and his team have been asked to implement a new program, which on the surface looks much more difficult than what they have been doing. Before the program begins, Alvin feels he needs to give his team a speech to help motivate them for the upcoming challenge. What is the first thing Alvin should do in his speech?

remind the team of how they hard to successfully overcome challenges in the past

James Dyson, CEO of Dyson places a major emphasis on his creative passion and spirit of innovation. Dyson wants to create a culture where entrepreneurial drive is contagious and motivates employees to take up a new idea, use it, and do it as quickly as possible. To stimulate creativity and motivate passionate engagements, Dyson established the structural framework and motivators that include opportunities for:

reward recognition achievement All the answers are correct

The tendency for people to see their environment only as it affects them and as it is consistent with their expectations is known as

selective perception

After his annual performance appraisal, Joe was disappointed with his 5 percent increase in pay, compared to the 10 percent increase his colleagues received. When Joe spoke to his manager, he was told his colleagues were able to perform well over the minimum standard. Joe had not been aware of the minimum he was expected to achieve or the levels generally achieved by his colleagues. What would best help Joe improve his performance?

setting specifc goals

Tamara shows classic withdrawal behavior and is no longer performing her work tasks effectively. Her friends know she has very little organizational commitment. Tamara is likely

to quit

Forced ranking systems can force managers to give bad evaluations to good performers

true

Informational justice is fostered when authorities, truthfully and candidly, explain decision-making procedures and outcomes in a comprehensive and reasonable manner.

true