OB - Chapters 1-10, 12 & 14

Which of the following was NOT a contributing factor for moving beyond the "Great Man" theory of leadership to behavior-based theories? Social science found relationships between task- and people-oriented behaviors and outcomes such as productivity and satisfaction. Genetic research found problems with aristocratic in-breeding. World War II demonstrated a need to look beyond social status as a prerequisite for leadership. Secondary and higher education was becoming widely available regardless of social status. Question 6

Genetic research found problems with aristocratic in-breeding.

Which of the following statements regarding work-life conflict is accurate? a. Work-life conflict is greater for men than for women. b. Supervisors should should support employees when work interferes with life, but coworkers are a better resource when life interferes with work. c. Work demands and family demands are always incompatible. d. Work-life conflict has gone down in recent years due to better technology.

Supervisors should should support employees when work interferes with life, but coworkers are a better resource when life interferes with work.

Which of the following is a key characteristic of effective authentic leaders? They have no set priorities. They have high levels of personal integrity. They prioritize employee needs. They do not permit others to emulate them.

They have high levels of personal integrity.

Most of the recent research on leadership has been conducted on which of the following theories of leadership? Fiedler's contingency theory House's path-goal theory Authentic leadership theory Transformational leadership theory

Transformational leadership theory

The practice of outsourcing as a response to the globalization of business has created which of the following changes for organizations? a. A need to deal with employee stress regarding job security. b. A need to restructure employee communication channels. c. A reduction in the reliance on skilled workers. d. A need to decentralize the organizational structure.

a. A need to deal with employee stress regarding job security.

Which of the following statements is true of major life changes and the chance of developing stress related illness? a. Holmes-Rahe found that incidences of illness and death increases in the 12 months after major life events, whether positive or negative. b. Stress results from negative life changes but not from positive ones. c. Life events can impact our psychological health, but not our physical well-being. d. Stressors are one-time events that quickly pass, so the number of stressors you experience in a 12 month period is not important.

a. Holmes-Rahe found that incidences of illness and death increases in the 12 months after major life events, whether positive or negative.

If both parties involved in a budget negotiation decide to leverage the same suppliers to get better pricing so that each party gets more for their dollar, this is an example of which kind of negotiation strategy? a. Integrative approach b. Accommodating approach c. Distributive approach d. None of these.

a. Integrative approach

Which of the following statements regarding negotiation strategies is correct? a. Listening is a key element in the integrative approach to negotiation. b. Focusing on a "fixed pie" in negotiations is a good approach because it controls the number of options to be considered. c. Reviews of negotiation experiments indicate that in almost all those situations where an integrative approach to negotiations could be adopted, such an approach was utilized. d. An adversarial stance is needed to begin integrative negotiation.

a. Listening is a key element in the integrative approach to negotiation.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship between conflict and performance? a. Moderate task conflict leads to high performance. b. High conflict leads to high performance. c. Moderate personal conflict leads to high performance. d. Lack of conflict leads to high performance.

a. Moderate task conflict leads to high performance.

Which of these statements is true regarding workplace demographics and their impact on change? a. More older workers in the workforce will create a need for new types of benefits. b. An older workforce will stop change; it's too difficult to "teach an old dog new tricks". c. An older workforce that chooses retirement may cause an increase in valuable knowledge for firms. d. Demographic shifts in the workforce will likely cause flexible work hours and job sharing to diminish as older people like the structure of set hours of work.

a. More older workers in the workforce will create a need for new types of benefits.

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding research on emotional contagion and Affective Events Theory? a. One bad customer interaction with Karen is no big deal and most people laugh it off, but the second one leads to a bad day. b. Happiness is contagious, particularly with respect to good friends who you get to see often. c. Receiving an unexpected "good deal" (like someone paying for your coffee) can make your whole day go better. d. Emotions are especially salient in teams and thus teams can exhibit emotional contagion just as individuals can.

a. One bad customer interaction with Karen is no big deal and most people laugh it off, but the second one leads to a bad day.

You just received a job offer at your dream company doing your dream job paying 20% more than you are currently making. Should you attempt to negotiate a higher salary or bonus? a. Yes. Most hiring managers expect candidates to negotiate. b. Yes. Be assertive. Demand a 10% increase or say you'll decline the offer. c. No. They want people who will agree to what management says. d. No. You shouldn't risk a good thing; they might rescind the offer.

a. Yes. Most hiring managers expect candidates to negotiate.

Wellness programs, such as gym memberships, free health screenings, weight loss programs, and smoking cessation programs a. are associated with reduced turnover and absenteeism. b. should be offered to only the best employees. c. operate based on the placebo effect. d. have little to do with work, but employees like them.

a. are associated with reduced turnover and absenteeism.

Organic structures a. are conducive to entrepreneurial activity and general innovativeness. b. maximize efficiency and minimize costs. c. are related to lower job satisfaction. d. have formal communication channels.

a. are conducive to entrepreneurial activity and general innovativeness.

The degree to which decision-making authority is concentrated at higher levels in an organization is a. centralization. b. departmentalization. c. formalization. d. hierarchical levels

a. centralization.

Imagine that you are a salesperson in a major department store. Though you might not actually believe it, you follow the policy of "the customer is always right" in your daily work at the store. However, since you do not agree with that view, you often experience a. cognitive dissonance. b. emotional contagions. c. flow. d. genuine acting.

a. cognitive dissonance.

When unfreezing for planned change it is important to a. create a compelling vision for change. b. take things slowly; do not suggest a crisis is imminent. c. communicate regarding change only on a need-to-know basis. d. provide rewards.

a. create a compelling vision for change.

The COVID-19 pandemic is an example of what external force impacting organizational change? a. generational event that is unlikely to occur again in the near future b. technology adoption with mRNA vaccines c. workforce demographics dividing compliant employees and anti-maskers d. globalization of disease propagation

a. generational event that is unlikely to occur again in the near future

A seller with a strong BATNA _____________ than one with a weaker BATNA. a. is likely to obtain a better outcome b. completes the sale more often c. has spent less effort in preparation d. is no better off

a. is likely to obtain a better outcome

The Zone of Possible Agreement (ZOPA) is the range of values between the buyer's and seller's ________ . a. resistance / walk-away points b. optimal values c. anchor points d. initial offers

a. resistance / walk-away points

Stress is a. the body's response to an environmental demand. b. decreasing in the American workplace. c. always negative. d. All of the above.

a. the body's response to an environmental demand.

Which of the following would NOT be an effective means of stimulating healthy conflict? a. Assigning someone to play "devil's advocate". b. Building clarity into the situation. c. Encouraging disagreement without fear of reprisal. d. Creating a competition between teams.

b. Building clarity into the situation.

What is the first step in increasing the chances of success in effecting a cultural change? a. Changing the reward system b. Creating a sense of urgency c. Changing key players d. Role modeling

b. Creating a sense of urgency

The increased use of technology for remote teams and Work from Home arrangements has resulted in some new stressors in the combined workplace/home environment. Which of these is NOT a good suggestion to keep in mind when working remotely? a. Get in the habit of taking breaks and micro-breaks. Also, consciously schedule some exercise into your day, like walking around the block. b. If you are upset at a coworker, put all your raw feelings and emotions in an email to them rather than discussing over Zoom, which might get interrupted. c. Make an effort to schedule collaboration sessions with others rather than "discussing" items over email or chat, which leads to delays and misunderstandings. d. Create "start of day" and "end of day" rituals. These can help separate work and personal life when you are working from home.

b. If you are upset at a coworker, put all your raw feelings and emotions in an email to them rather than discussing over Zoom, which might get interrupted.

Which of the following is a positive outcome of conflict in the organization? a. Enhanced volunteering behavior b. Increased creativity c. Accurate assumptions d. Individual task satisfaction

b. Increased creativity

Which of the following statements regarding negotiations between Japanese and American parties is MOST correct? a. Japanese negotiators have a higher tolerance for conflict as a way of working through issues than their American counterparts. b. Japanese negotiators tend to be very difficult to 'read' because they are very stoic and unemotional compared to their American counterparts. c. American negotiators like to establish a strong relationship first while Japanese negotiators like to "get down to business". d. Japanese negotiators reveal more information during negotiations than their American counterparts.

b. Japanese negotiators tend to be very difficult to 'read' because they are very stoic and unemotional compared to their American counterparts.

Which of the following is a good piece of advice to give to individuals who have multiple bosses in a matrix structured organization? a. Avoid situations where you have multiple managers as they produce more conflict than benefits. b. Make sure all managers are familiar with your overall workload. c. Set a schedule so that you work with one manager on certain days and the other manager on the other days. d. Keep conflicts you are experiencing to yourself.

b. Make sure all managers are familiar with your overall workload.

At Amazon, what is the purpose of the "Two Pizza Rule"? a. Promote competition: Managers get two pizzas to award to the employees who worked the hardest each month. b. Promote constructive conflict: Teams should be small enough that they can be fed with just two pizzas. c. Control spending: Team lunches cannot be more than the cost of two pizzas. d. Motivate employees: Anyone with a successful new idea gets a coupon for two free pizzas.

b. Promote constructive conflict: Teams should be small enough that they can be fed with just two pizzas.

Psychological Capital (PsyCap) is a combination of independent personal traits that explains some differences in how individuals react to experienced stress. Those traits are: a. Agreeableness, optimism, extraversion, resilience. b. Self-efficacy, optimism, hope, resilience. c. Agreeableness, optimism, hope, intelligence. d. Self-efficacy, optimism, hope, intelligence.

b. Self-efficacy, optimism, hope, resilience.

Which of the following statements regarding structure and change around the world is correct? a. France is relatively comfortable with change because it is low in uncertainty avoidance. b. The United States is more likely to use rational persuasion as an influence tactic than China. c. The United States is characterized by higher levels of centralization than firms in Singapore and Hong Kong. d. None of the above.

b. The United States is more likely to use rational persuasion as an influence tactic than China.

In which of the following scenarios are you MOST likely to experience conflict? a. Self-awareness exercises have been completed and 25% of the team members were categorized as Type A. b. The firm just instituted a matrix structure to focus on the company's strategy to maximize both efficiency and customer satisfaction. c. Interdepartmental meetings have just been concluded resulting in a different list of goals for each department that are aligned with the company's strategy. d. Resources within the firm are relatively plentiful and most departments in the organization are seeing a modest increase in their annual budget.

b. The firm just instituted a matrix structure to focus on the company's strategy to maximize both efficiency and customer satisfaction.

What advice would you give someone regarding overcoming resistance to their proposals? a. Listen only to those who are absolutely necessary to support the change. b. Understand the reasons for resistance, even if you might have to change your proposals. c. Do not listen to naysayers; haters gonna hate. d. Confront active resistance strongly and publicly; you have to break a few eggs to make an omelet.

b. Understand the reasons for resistance, even if you might have to change your proposals.

Which of the following role stressors has been shown to have the strongest effects on poor performance? a. Contradictory demands at work b. Vagueness with respect to job responsibilities c. All role stressors have equally detrimental effects on performance. d. Insufficient time and resources to complete a job

b. Vagueness with respect to job responsibilities

Lyle is a member of a union. His supervisor gave Lyle a three-day suspension for not wearing protective shoes on the manufacturing floor. Lyle appealed the suspension and the plant manager refused to rescind it. The union wants to appeal this decision to a neutral third party for a ruling. What procedure does the union want to utilize? a. mediation b. arbitration c. accommodation d. negotiation

b. arbitration

A consumer good company was reorganized from specialized departments (such as Marketing and Manufacturing) into business units focused on product lines, such as Detergents, Dishwashing Soap, and Health and Beauty Aids. Marketing and manufacturing are separately managed within each business unit. What is the new type of structure and the probable reason behind the change? a. functional structure, with the goal of being more customer focused b. divisional structure, with the goal of being more customer focused c. matrix structure, with the goal of reducing costs d. mechanistic structure, with the goal of reducing costs

b. divisional structure, with the goal of being more customer focused

You are starting work as an assistant product manager at an organization where all the nonessential functions are outsourced. You work with 3rd party companies for product testing, manufacturing, marketing, and advertising. Your order fulfillment is handled by Amazon. You even take your HR and payroll questions to a PEO (Professional Employer Organization). The only functions actually done by employees are product design and pricing, component sourcing, and accounting. You should _______. a. get promoted quickly because of all the opportunities in this strategic alliance. b. focus on learning as much as you can about profitable product development because that seems to be the core competency of this modular organization. c. resign immediately because no business can survive for long by outsourcing so much of their work. d. learn to manage stress better because you'll face a lot of it in this matrix organization.

b. focus on learning as much as you can about profitable product development because that seems to be the core competency of this modular organization.

In a unionized organization, the labor contract is very explicit as to employee work rules, the tasks each individual employee will perform, the pay each individual will receive, how each individual can move from one position to another and so on. This is an example of a ____________ structure in the organization. a. departmentalized b. formalized c. centralized d. hierarchical

b. formalized

Conflict between two individuals such as coworkers is also known as a. intergroup conflict. b. interpersonal conflict. c. interdepartmental conflict. d. intrapersonal conflict.

b. interpersonal conflict.

All of the following are steps that firms are taking to assist employees in dealing with stress in the workplace EXCEPT a. creating jobs with autonomy and control. b. replacing employees who are stressed with more resilient employees. c. ensuring fairness in the workplace. d. providing access to employee assistance programs.

b. replacing employees who are stressed with more resilient employees.

Two or more companies that find an area of collaboration and combine their efforts to create a partnership beneficial to both parties while maintaining their status as separate entities is a a. matrix organization. b. strategic alliance. c. modular organization. d. learning organization.

b. strategic alliance.

Hindrance stressors refer to a. demands and circumstances that cause stress but also promote individual growth. b. stressors that impede achievement of personal goals and prevent personal growth. c. vagueness in regard to job responsibilities. d. having insufficient time and resources to complete one's job.

b. stressors that impede achievement of personal goals and prevent personal growth.

The Job Demands-Resources model, states that even with control over the situation, people are still subject to stress if a. they have too many resources. b. they don't have the resources to meet the demands of the job. c. they aren't paid enough. d. supervisors have more control.

b. they don't have the resources to meet the demands of the job.

The subreddit "Malicious Compliance" contains stories such as this one: A new manager was looking to make their mark by quickly showing results. They felt the production line was being run too slowly, so they directed the line leader to increase its speed setting. The line leader informed the manager that the line speed here may seem slow, but it can't be run faster because the downstream packers would be overwhelmed. The manager says "Look, I don't want to hear excuses. I want results. Speed up the line." So, the line leader says "Ok, tell me when to stop..." and starts to increase the speed setting. The manager smiles and finally says that's good as the cans of soda move by at a much quicker pace. About 3 minutes later the Emergency Stop alarm sounds, drowning out the sounds from the packing end of the line: shouting mixed with can-crumpling and soda whooshing and fizzing. The line leader's conformance would be more accurately termed as what type of response to change? a. Actual compliance, because the line leader did what was asked. b. Passive resistance, because the line leader didn't actually refuse. c. Active resistance, because the line leader warned the new manager what would happen, and then went along only to show the disaster that would result from the bad idea. d. Enthusiastic support, because the line leader really wanted to say, "I told you so."

c. Active resistance, because the line leader warned the new manager what would happen, and then went along only to show the disaster that would result from the bad idea.

Which of these are good psychological detachment strategies to help stressed workers? a. Take extra-long lunch breaks. b. Make work checklists each night before bedtime. c. Avoid checking your work email at home. d. All of the above.

c. Avoid checking your work email at home.

Nicholas is the production manager for a manufacturing firm. He has two supervisors who are experiencing conflict with each other based upon personality differences. Nicholas should have held a meeting last week to discuss next year's budget, but cancelled it because the two supervisors had a verbal confrontation on the shop floor the previous day and he wanted them to have time to cool off before discussing such an important topic. What conflict handling style is Nicholas demonstrating? a. Accommodation b. Compromise c. Avoidance d. Collaboration

c. Avoidance

Maris Manufacturing is a unionized company producing customized metal units for the appliance and medical equipment industries. Each contract negotiation is a contentious affair for the union and management. However, over the past few months both union and management officials have become very concerned about the number of Maris union employees who are experiencing alcohol-related issues; last month alone, six employees incurred significant expenses for the company's self-funded medical plan. Union officials have asked management to meet next week to discuss adding an Employee Assistance Plan to current collective bargaining agreement. This is an example of what conflict handling style? a. Compromise b. Accommodation c. Collaboration d. Competition

c. Collaboration

Georgio just returned from a meeting where his boss informed everyone of the new procedures to use in requesting reimbursement for travel. Georgio says, "I just figured out how to fill the other one out and now they are changing things again. Oh, well. I guess I'll have to start my expense reports sooner now." This is what kind of a reaction to change? a. Boomer attitude. b. Active resistance c. Compliance d. Passive resistance

c. Compliance

The new CEO of IDK Corporation has developed a plan that will call for the restructuring of the organization from a functional structure to a matrix one. In his meeting with his subordinates, manager Ervin says, "This will be great. You will still work in this area for me, but you will have variety in that you will also all be reporting to a second manager for various projects to which you will be assigned. This new structure will only help grow our value with this company." This is what kind of a reaction to change? a. Compliance b. Passive resistance c. Enthusiastic support d. Active resistance

c. Enthusiastic support

Which of the following statements is true regarding diet and stress? a. Eating light meals in the middle of the day may slow down the body because there is insufficient food energy available to stimulate the brain to react to stress. b. Eating fish for lunch tends to reduce reaction times. c. Greasy foods make a person feel tired because digestion of the fats in such foods diverts blood from the brain. d. The dopamine in fish produces a feeling of sleepiness.

c. Greasy foods make a person feel tired because digestion of the fats in such foods diverts blood from the brain.

One approach to deal with intragroup conflict is remembered with the acronym LEAD, which stands for ________. a. Localize, Eliminate, Avoid, Deny b. Listen, Evade, Accommodate, Divert attention c. Listen, Empathize, Acknowledge, Do something d. Listen, Empathize, Apologize, Do nothing

c. Listen, Empathize, Acknowledge, Do something

Bruce's EAP counselor suggests that he start "journaling" at the end of every day. Why would the counsellor suggest this? a. Bruce has a lot of idle time, so the journaling activity will consume some of it. b. Keeping a record of his daily activities will help historians retell his life story after he dies. c. Recording his thoughts, feelings, and emotions daily allows him to more clearly see trends in how he responds to stressors, resulting in lower stress levels over time and lower blood pressure. d. It provides something to look forward in anticipation - the day he can put it in a trashcan and light it on fire.

c. Recording his thoughts, feelings, and emotions daily allows him to more clearly see trends in how he responds to stressors, resulting in lower stress levels over time and lower blood pressure.

Which of the following is true regarding tall structures? a. They provide employees with a more role ambiguity. b. They provide employees with more opportunities for self-actualization. c. They better satisfy employee needs for security. d. They require managers to exercise a greater span of control.

c. They better satisfy employee needs for security.

Intrapersonal conflict refers to a. a type of conflict between two people. b. conflict that takes place between different groups such as between different departments. c. a type of conflict that arises when a person is uncertain about what is expected or wanted or has a sense of being inadequate to the task. d. a process that involves people disagreeing.

c. a type of conflict that arises when a person is uncertain about what is expected or wanted or has a sense of being inadequate to the task.

A negative bargaining range implies ________ . a. both parties are in a bad mood during negotiations b. a distributive approach favors the seller c. an integrative approach may be required to achieve a satisfactory outcome d. the agreement will be bad for both parties

c. an integrative approach may be required to achieve a satisfactory outcome

Functional structures a. tend to facilitate the effective performance of employees with general mental abilities. b. are most effective in dynamic environments. c. are cost-effective structures, particularly for shared resources such as marketing, human resources, and information technology departments of those companies. d. are most effective when an organization has a large number of products.

c. are cost-effective structures, particularly for shared resources such as marketing, human resources, and information technology departments of those companies.

The fundamental idea behind the Lean approach to manufacturing, is a. standardization in systems and processes so employees can be transferred and utilized across the operation, resulting in good production even when understaffed. b. centralized decision-making and structured projects across the business. c. empowering frontline employees to coordinate efforts and make changes to eliminate waste that provides no customer value. d. perfect quality at all costs.

c. empowering frontline employees to coordinate efforts and make changes to eliminate waste that provides no customer value.

Organization structure refers to a. the degree to which decision-making authority is concentrated at higher levels in the organization. b. the degree to which policies, procedures, job descriptions and rules are written and explicitly articulated. c. how work within an organization is formally coordinated between individuals and teams. d. the number of employees reporting to a single manager.

c. how work within an organization is formally coordinated between individuals and teams.

Intergroup conflict a. occurs between team members. b. occurs between two individuals. c. occurs between two departments. d. occurs within the individual.

c. occurs between two departments.

Mary is a new employee in the handbag department of a major department store and is covering the sales floor alone for the day while the managers are at an offsite meeting. After a very busy morning, she is not sure whether she should stay on the sales floor attending customers while leaving some empty shelves, or if she should leave the floor for 10-15 minutes to go back into the stockroom to replenish the ones which were sold. Mary is experiencing a. role overload. b. information overload. c. role conflict. d. role ambiguity.

c. role ambiguity.

Antonia received feedback on her sales performance on her last performance evaluation, and it wasn't good. It's already been a week since the meeting but she just can't stop thinking about what her supervisor said. She keeps replaying it in her mind over and over, to the point that she hasn't been able to make her call quota for the week. This is an example of a. anticipation. b. a role stressor. c. rumination. d. burnout.

c. rumination.

Jennifer strongly dislikes her next-door neighbors, yet every time she sees them she stops to pleasantly chat with them for a few moments. Jennifer is engaging in a. cognitive acting. b. deep acting. c. surface acting. d. genuine acting.

c. surface acting.

A mediator should enter a negotiation when a. personal differences are detected. b. the parties are only talking for short periods of time and tension is rising. c. the parties are unable to find a solution themselves. d. a quick resolution is desired but not imperative.

c. the parties are unable to find a solution themselves.

Maria is part of an organizational behavior project group. Her group members chose her as the leader of the group because she is always on task, on time for meetings, sets achievable goals and is willing to assist anyone who needs help. Maria is agreeable. conscientious. extraverted. open.

conscientious.

The "Waterfall" approach to software development involves several steps between the requirements elicitation and functional deployment, each of which may take several months. The "Agile" approach is designed to have small iterative deployments starting very soon after the initial requirements are defined, but the efforts may continue for years without ever completing all of the requirements. Which of these is more likely to be seen as a successful implementation of change according to Kotter's Eight-step Process for Leading Change? a. Agile, because everyone understands that there is no real hurry to complete the project anyway. b. Waterfall, because the deployment only needs to be done once and the change is complete. c. Waterfall, because the monthly review meetings eliminate the need for a guiding coalition. d. Agile, because the end users are likely to interpret the frequent releases as small / short-term wins.

d. Agile, because the end users are likely to interpret the frequent releases as small / short-term wins.

What is an effective individual approach to managing stress? a. Eating energizing foods such as fish, nuts, and seeds b. Getting a regular amount of sleep each night c. Engaging in regular moderate exercise d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following is a negative outcome of conflict in the organization? a. Occcasional personal attacks b. Climate of distrust c. Employee feelings of being demeaned with resulting lower morale d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following is an external force that is creating change for organizations? a. Technology b. Workforce demographics c. Market conditions d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following is seen as a more ethical alternative to downsizing? a. Early retirement programs b. Job sharing c. Hiring freezes d. All of the above

d. All of the above

You are a new supervisor and your mentor suggests that you should normalize conflict within your team. Why would she say that? a. The team should exhibit greater creativity, consider a broader range of ideas, and challenge long-standing assumptions which may no longer apply. b. Allowing employees to disagree without fear of reprisal mitigates common adverse personal impacts of conflict, such as anxiety and feeling demeaned. c. If people are suppressing their difference in opinions regarding their tasks, the final result many not be the best solution. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above

Research indicates that exercise is an effective strategy for managing stress. Which of the following statements best describes some of the findings from studies on exercise and stress? a. Physically active breaks, like walking, decreases mental fatigue. b. Exercise, like light calisthenics, actually provides us energy. c. Regular exercise increases the body's ability to draw oxygen out of the air, thus combating stress. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

Which of the following components is part of Toyota's TPS manufacturing system? a. Kaizen, the idea of continuous improvement. b. Kanban, just-in-time production. c. Andon Cord, employees can stop the operation if they see an issue. d. All of the above.

d. All of the above.

Mindfulness is a stress-reducing concept most closely related to a. Paying attention to one's own feelings. b. Reflecting on one's feelings without judgment. c. Meditation. d. All of these.

d. All of these.

Which of the following is NOT a recommended step in negotiating a higher salary for yourself? a. Get the facts. b. Overcome your fear. c. Listen more than you talk. d. Begin with an aggressive first offer.

d. Begin with an aggressive first offer.

Which of the following statements is true regarding performance and organizational change? a. Successful companies often have special practices in place to keep the organization working toward the status quo. b. 'Nothing fails like success' is a saying with very little accuracy when it comes to organizational change. c. More successful firms find it easier to change than those performing poorly. d. Boards of Directors of poor-performing companies commonly change top management as a method to initiate significant organization-wide change.

d. Boards of Directors of poor-performing companies commonly change top management as a method to initiate significant organization-wide change.

If there is conflict between two members of a team and the underlying reason for the conflict is personality differences, which is the most viable way of managing the organizational conflict? a. Focus their attention on a different teammate who is a common enemy of the two clashing team members. b. Take a majority vote on which individual is causing more issues on the team. c. Change the structure of the organization. d. Change the composition of the team by separating the individuals at odds.

d. Change the composition of the team by separating the individuals at odds.

Which of the following is considered a good piece of advice to offer individuals who want to engage in successful negotiations? a. Don't establish deadlines; when the negotiations are over, they are over. b. Focus on disagreement first and then go back to those areas that are easily resolved. c. Rushing negotiations can be a good tactic. d. Don't worry about periods of silence; just wait.

d. Don't worry about periods of silence; just wait.

Which of the following statements regarding ethics and negotiations is accurate? a. Use of "hardball" tactics and deception in negotiation is fair game; everyone knows going in that the goal is to get all you can for your side. b. A party who feels you are angry and about to walk out will always be more likely to make concessions. c. Watch for deception in aspects of the negotiation that aren't very important, but no one would be deceptive in things that would lead to a big difference; they wouldn't want the court battle that would result. d. Keep in mind that you might have to interact with the other party in the future, so don't ruin the relationship with legal but ethically questionable actions.

d. Keep in mind that you might have to interact with the other party in the future, so don't ruin the relationship with legal but ethically questionable actions.

Which of the following statements are true with regard to determining your best alternative to a negotiated agreement (BATNA)? a. The party with the less favorable BATNA is in the best negotiating position since there is more to gain. b. You should reveal your BATNA to the other party so that they reveal their BATNA; this will greatly shorten the time spent in negotiations. c. You should only negotiate if your BATNA is unacceptable. d. None of these.

d. None of these.

Joshua Greene's study of how our minds and bodies react to difficult situations (such as the out-of-control trolley) found that a. magnetic imaging suggests emotional scenarios require less use of our brains compared to unemotional scenarios. b. humans use rationale and emotion to make ethical decisions similar to how a computer would. c. human decisions are mostly rational, not impacted by emotion. d. People's ethical judgements are affected by how emotionally engaged they are with the situation.

d. People's ethical judgements are affected by how emotionally engaged they are with the situation.

Which of the following is considered a building block of emotional intelligence? a. Business management b. Self-insight c. Cognitive intelligence d. Self-awareness

d. Self-awareness

A 2018 Meta-analysis of Work-Family Conflict found that while emotional support generally helps reduce the feelings of conflict, there is usually nothing anyone can do (instrumental support) to reduce the conflict once it occurs. Which of the following is the one type of instrumental support (making changes to accommodate the conflict) has been shown to help the situation in the event of Work Interferes with Family (WIF) or Family Interferes with Work (FIW) conflict? a. The family changing the date of a birthday party with grandma so the employee can go on a business trip that just got scheduled. b. A manager allowing an employee to miss a work trip in order to attend their kid's championship game that just got scheduled. c. A manager allowing an employee to miss a work trip that just got scheduled in order to attend their kid's graduation ceremony. d. The family changing the date of a baby shower/reveal party that just got planned so the employee can finish work on the annual corporate audit.

d. The family changing the date of a baby shower/reveal party that just got planned so the employee can finish work on the annual corporate audit.

In which of the following scenarios would you expect high performance? a. The two members of the team are constantly bickering. One never says anything without the other disagreeing. b. The three partners have an interesting relationship. Partner A is almost always in agreement with Partner B, but fights constantly with Partner C. Partners B and C get along at times and fight at times. c. The five team members never have a negative word to say to each other; there never seems to be any conflict on the team. d. The team members seem to get along well enough, but on occasion they will argue about some issues.

d. The team members seem to get along well enough, but on occasion they will argue about some issues.

After studying the body's response to stress, Hans Selye determined that unmanaged stress a. does not exist because our body automatically reacts to manage it. might lead to physical problems, but there are no lasting psychological problems because people will block out traumatic events from their memory. b. only leads to psychological illnesses, c. not physical ones. d. can create both physical problems and psychological illnesses.

d. can create both physical problems and psychological illnesses.

Challenge stressors refer to a. having insufficient time and resources to complete one's job. b. stressors that impede achievement of personal goals and prevent personal growth. c. vagueness in regard to job responsibilities. d. demands and circumstances that cause stress but also promote individual growth.

d. demands and circumstances that cause stress but also promote individual growth.

Jared is a member of the engineering department in the manufacturing firm and also serves on the Strategy 2025 team, which is crafting an engineering strategy for the firm's future. He has a "Do not miss" meeting in the engineering department scheduled for Wednesday at 8 a.m. and just received an urgent email about a "Can't miss" meeting for the strategy group at 8:15 a.m. Wednesday morning. Jared is experiencing a. interpersonal conflict. b. intergroup conflict. c. role ambiguity. d. intrapersonal conflict.

d. intrapersonal conflict.

Centralized operations are typically more efficient and cost-effective, while decentralized operations are typically a. better equipped to deal with a crisis. b. more productive. c. more responsive to investors needs. d. more customer service oriented and employee friendly.

d. more customer service oriented and employee friendly.

All of the following statements regarding reasons employees resist change are correct EXCEPT a. those who feel they can perform well under a new system will be more committed than those who have lower b. confidence in their ability to perform. we are creatures of habit. c. feelings of uncertainty create stress. d. people with a negative self-concept view change as an opportunity to improve because there is nowhere to go but up.

d. people with a negative self-concept view change as an opportunity to improve because there is nowhere to go but up.

The demand-control model proposes that stress occurs when a. employees should demand control over their jobs. b. managers should control all the demands of the employees. c. the more control a position gives a person, the more stressed that employee becomes. d. work places a lot of demands on a person who has little control over the situation.

d. work places a lot of demands on a person who has little control over the situation.

It is finals week at State University and Agnes has five finals in three days. What phase of the stress process is she probably experiencing if she just went through all of the kitchen cupboards searching for a package of chocolate bars loaded with caramel which she just remembered she hid at the start of the semester? She is probably experiencing the a. resistance phase, where her subconscious is keeping her from finding the chocolate. b. exhaustion phase, where the body is depleted of fats and sugars. c. adaptation phase, because she needs to consume more calories to match the stress-induced burn rate. d. alarm phase, because she might not find the chocolate.

exhaustion phase, where the body is depleted of fats and sugars.

The leadership decision tree, also known as Vroom & Yetton's Normative Decision Model, considers factors such as decision significance and follower expertise to determine if a satisfactory decision is possible. is a tool which leads to the recommended level of involvement leaders should take in making decisions. focuses on age difference between leader and followers to determine if a person should direct or follow the group. specifies a static leadership style based on the skill level of the leader.

is a tool which leads to the recommended level of involvement leaders should take in making decisions.

The key factor in the effectiveness of transformational leadership leadership with respect to followers is having mutual pursuit of a higher moral purpose. creativeness in developing goals. consistency in rewarding loyal followers. extraversion and charisma to control followers.

mutual pursuit of a higher moral purpose.

Nina makes it a point to talk to her subordinates every day about what is going on in their personal lives. She always congratulates them when they share successes and has a kind word and "a shoulder to cry on" if necessary when things are not going well. Nina has a _____________ leadership style. supportive participative directive achievement-oriented

supportive

Which of these is NOT a characteristic required to be an effective leader according to Transformational Leadership theory and Kouzes & Posner's Exemplary Leadership Practices model? People and Task focus, as Individual Consideration/Intellectual Stimulation and Encourage the Heart/Challenge the Process Referent power or Trust, as Idealized Influence-Behavioral and Model the Way Important job title, as Idealized Influence-Attributed and Enable Others to Act Visionary approach, as Inspirational Motivation and Inspire a Shared Vision

Important job title, as Idealized Influence-Attributed and Enable Others to Act

The trait approach to leadership examines which of the following factors? Personality characteristics Both personality and the work environment Leadership behaviors Environmental influences on leadership

Personality characteristics

Extraversion is Negatively associated with good leadership. Not associated with good leadership. Moderately associated with good leadership. Strongly associated with good leadership.

Strongly associated with good leadership.

Which of the following is a middle-ground conflict handling style characterized by an individual's desire to get most of what they want but respect other's goals? a. Compromise b. Accommodation c. Avoidance d. Competition

a. Compromise

_________ refers to the number of levels within an organization. a. Hierarchy b. Centralization c. Structure d. Departments

a. Hierarchy

Research suggests high levels of emotional intelligence lead to which of the following? a. Higher life satisfaction. b. Higher stress levels. c. Cognitive dissonance d. Greater propensity to perceive situations as threats.

a. Higher life satisfaction.

Of these countries, in which do employees work the most hours each year? a. Mexico b. Spain c. Germany d. United States

d. United States CHECK

Which of these is NOT a way to seek advancement at an organization with a flat structure? a. Mentor other employees b. Redefine role at the company to include more responsibilities c. Seek a lateral move d. Work closely with only your direct supervisor

d. Work closely with only your direct supervisor