OBGYN Test 2 review
Infertility affects
1 in 3
The dates established by sonography examinations performed in the second trimester typically take precedence over the menstrual age when the discrepancy is greater than ____ days
10
The dates established by sonography examinations performed in the second trimester typically take precedence over the menstrual age when the discrepancy is greater than _____ days.
10 days
Diagnostic ultrasound has been in use since the late ___decade
1950s
Multiple gestations in _____% of IVF pregnancies
30%
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma most frequently occurs in women over the age of?
40
Simple ovarian cysts in the postmenopausal women are not likely malignant when measuring less than ___ cm
5
Even when menstrual date is known conception may occur when?
6-27 days
The major biologic effects of the ultrasound are believed to be which one of the following?
All of the above : thermal, production and collapse of gas filled bubbles and cavitation
Which one of the following principles describes the right if self-determination?
Autonomy
The ethical principle(s) that determine(s) the timing of a routine sonographic exam are?
Autonomy & Justice
Fetal interests in sonography are understood exclusively in terms of ______
Beneficence
Which one of the following principles encourage sonographers to exceed the minimum standard of protocol and seek additional pertinent images as needed
Beneficence
The most accurate measurement of gestational age during the 1st trimester is what?
Crown Rump length
Which one of the following statements about AF is true?
In the first trimester fluid is produced by the placenta
The T shaped Uterus is a congenital anomaly caused by?
In utero exposure to (DES) diethylstilbestrol
Which ones refers to honesty?
Integrity
Which one of the following principal is served when protocols are standardized
Justice
Luteal phase deficiency is
Lack of progesterone production
which one of the following statements about determining fetal age is false?
Measure femur length on the femur farthest from the transducer
The kind of person we should become & virtues we should cultivate
Morality
On baseline pelvic ultrasound ovarian cyst could interfere with ovarian stimulation & produce a persistent follicle
More than 15mm
OB ultrasound allows the clinician to assess all of the following except? a. muscle tone b. development c. growth d. well being
Muscle tone
ALARA is an example of which ethical principle
Non-maleficence
Which principle says do no harm
Non-maleficence
Which one of the following emphasizes individual rights and autonomy?
Nuremberg code
Which one of the following syndromes demonstrates enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts, abdominal ascites and pleural effusion?
Ovarian Hyperstimulation
which one of the following endocrine disorders is associated with chronic anovulation?
PCOS
Which one of the following statements about polycystic ovarian syndrome is false?
PCOS occurs in the middle to late 30s
which statement about PID is false?
PID confers a decreased risk of ectopic pregnancy
which one of the following is an infection within the uterine serosa and broad ligaments?
Parametritis
Enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts and indistinct margins describe which one of the following conditions a. Peri-ovarian inflammation b. Tubo-ovarian complex c. Para-ovarian inflammation d. Oophoritis
Peri-ovarian inflammation
most common cause of PID
STD's
A code of ethics for sonographers has been adopted by which one of the following organizations
Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonography
Which one of the following statements about ultrasound safety is true?
Studies on bioeffects of ultrasound are not definitive
2nd trimester images of fetal head include all except
Sylvian Fissure
Which one of the following statements about ovarian torsion is false?
The left ovary is 3x more likely to develop torsion than the right
Which one of the following statements about the fallopian tubes are false?
The tube is best seen transabdominally
The dermoid tumor is typically associated with what ultrasound sign?
Tip of the iceberg
an infection that involves the fallopian tube and the ovary is called?
Tubo-ovarian abscess
An ovary is generally considered abnormal if its volume is _____ the size of the contralateral ovary.
Twice
informed consent is a _______ right
autonomy
which one of the following statements about the gestational sac is false?
blood tests should be positive 7 to 10 hours after conception
Paraovarian cysts arise from the what structure?
broad ligament
A normal endometrial response associated with overstimulation is an increasing thickness between 2 to 3 mm and ____ mm a. 7 to 10 b. 10 to 20 c. 12 to 14 d. 20 to 25
c. 12 to 14 mm
this common adnexal mass may be found early in pregnancy reaching its maximum size by 10 weeks; this cyst is?
corpus luteal
A dominant follicle grows at a rate of ___ to ___ mm per day (mm/day) a. 0.5;1 b. 1;1.5 c. 1;2 d. 1;3
d. 1;3 mm
A specific diagnosis of a paraovarian cyst is possible only by
demonstrating an ipsilateral ovary separate from the cyst
A tumor that may mimic gas or feces in the pelvis is what?
dermoid
the most common benign tumor of the ovary is
dermoid
A 25 yr old woman complains of painful menstrual cycles and infertility. Transabdominal and transvaginal images demonstrate a hypoechoic well defined adnexal mass. Normal ovaries are seen bilaterally..
endometrioma
Functioning endometrial tissue is present outside of the uterus in which one of the following common conditions?
endometriosis
PID is an inclusive term that refers to all of the following pelvic infections except
endometriosis
Sonographic findings of PID include all but...
endometriosis
which discipline seeks to articulate clear and practical guidelines for conduct and character?
ethics
which cysts occur when a dominant follicle does not succeed in ovulating but remains active though immature?
follicular
PID and endometriosis may mimic what
functional bowel disease
Theca-lutein cysts are associated with high levels of what hormones
hCG
______ can be substituted for LH to trigger ovulation
hCG
The normal ovary exhibits which one of the following characteristic appearances?
homogeneous echotexture
Adherence to moral and ethical principles
integrity
Sexually transmitted PID spreads via
mucosa
Which principle requires the sonographer to read current medical literature to stay abreast?
non-maleficence
The partial or complete rotation of the ovarian pedicle on its axis is what?
ovarian torsion
Which pelvis organ is more involved with metastatic disease?
ovaries
Ovarian carcinoma is classified into four stages. Stage II is limited to which one of the following
pelvis
Inflammation of the serous membrane lining in the abdominal cavity and covering the viscera is what
peritonitis
over distended bladder may give a false impression of what?
placenta previa
Sonographic criteria for a simple ovarian cyst include all except?
posterior shadowing
A complex adnexal mass most likely represents
pyosalpinx
In PCOS, the ovaries have which one of the following shapes?
rounded
infection of fallopian tubes
salpingitis
The differential considerations for PID include all except...
serous cystadenoma
Risk factors in pelvic inflammatory disease PID include all of the following except?
single sexual partner
Which one of the following masses is rare but benign ovarian neoplasm most often seen in postmenopausal women?
thecoma
A mucinous cystadenoma is all of the following except?
thick with irregular walls and septations
fusion of the inflamed dilated tube and ovary
tubo-ovarian complex
Truthfulness with respect to abilities and limitations is an example of
veracity
which one of the following tends to have a narrow base attachment to the endometrium with a vascular pedicle feeding it?
Endometrial polyp
Which one of the following statements about diffuse endometriosis is false?
Endometriosis is easily diagnosed by sonography
The abdominal circumference (transverse view) is measured at the level of all the following except?
Fetal Kidneys
clinical symptoms of PID
Fever and dull pelvic aching
Perihepatic inflammation ascending from a pelvic infection is called ____________ syndrome.
Fritz-Hugh-Curtis
Assisted reproduction procedures increase risk of__________
Heterotopic pregnancies
An asymptomatic 32 yr old woman is diagnosed with a left adnexal mass on physical exam. A history of PID has been reported. Transabdominal and transvaginal images demonstrate an anechoic tubular structure in the left lower quadrant. What is this?
Hydrosalpinx
The differential considerations of a solid-appearing adnexal mass include all Except...
Hydrosalpinx