Oceanography ch.5,6,7

The doldrums can be found at the Equator.

True

The phase in which water exists is determined by:

temperature and pressure.

A rapid change in ocean temperature with change in depth is the:

thermocline.

Low pressure systems in the northern hemisphere rotate:

Counterclockwise

Processes that decrease seawater salinity include evaporation and sea ice formation.

False

Surface ocean currents are vertical current in the water column and density-driven.

False

The Gulf stream moves water away from the equator; the Benguela current moves some of this same water back toward the equator.

False

The Mediterranean sea has little influence on the water of the Atlantic Ocean.

False

The autumnal equinox occurs when the sun is directly overhead along the equator in March.

False

The density of seawater is affected by salinity and temperature.

False

Colder air moving over significantly warmer ocean surface water may produce:

Increased coastal precipitation

The percentage of solar radiation directed to Earth absorbed by the by the clouds and he atmosphere is about:

25%

The percentage of solar radiation absorbed by the Earth's oceans and land masses is about:

50%

The amount of energy that is necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree C is called:

Calorie

Some insects can glide across the surface of water due to water's:

Capillarity

The ion in sea water that serves as a buffer is:

HCO3-

The Tropic of Capricorn is located at:

23.5°S latitude

The average salinity of sea water is:

3.5%

All of the following are TRUE of the Earth's climate EXCEPT:

A column of warm, less dense air produces low pressure at the Earth's surface

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that DOES NOT fit the pattern. A. Agulhas current B. Benguela current C. California current D. canary current E. West Australian current

A. Agulhas current

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that DOES NOT fit the pattern. A. California current B. Canary current C.Gulf stream D.North Atlantic current E. North equatorial current

A. California current

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that DOES NOT fit the pattern. A. Continent B. Glacier C. Ice floe D. Ocean E. Sea ice

A. Continent

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that DOES NOT fit the pattern. A. Doldrums B. Northeast trades C. Polar easterlies D. Southeast trades E. Westerlies

A. Doldrums

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that DOES NOT fit the pattern. A. Gulf of Alaska B. Indian C. North Atlantic D. South Atlantic E. South Pacific

A. Gulf of Alaska

With respect to the amount of energy absorbed by the atmosphere, the amount of energy radiate back into space between 35 degree N and 40 degree S latitude is:

About the same as the amount of energy is absorbed by the atmosphere.

Hydrogen bonds:

All of these are true of hydrogen bonds in water.

Westward intensification causes:

All of these statements are results of westward intensification

Compared to an Eastern boundary current in a gyre, which of the following statements is true for western boundary current?

All of these statements are true of western boundary currents.

Do you arrangement of water masses in the southern Atlantic ocean from the surface to the bottom is:

Antarctic intermediate water, north Atlantic deep water, Antarctic bottom water.

Which of the following statements regarding pH is NOT TRUE?

As a whole, the pH of the ocean is slightly acidic.

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that DOES NOT fit the pattern. A. Atmosphere B. Biomass C. Glaciers D. Oceans E. Soil moisture

B. Biomass

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that DOES NOT fit the pattern. A. Boiling point B. Buffering capacity C. Freezing point D. Heat capacity E. Surface tension

B. Buffering capacity

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that DOES NOT fit the pattern. A. Latitude B. pH C. Precipitation D. Salinity E. Temperature

B. pH

Winds blowing from the north in the Southern Hemisphere will appear to:

Be deflected toward the east

Which of the following is the western boundary current?

Brazil current

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that DOES NOT fit the pattern. A. Max. sustained winds B. Min. central pressure C. Sea surface temp. D. Storm surge E. Wind field dia.

C. Sea surface temp.

When a meander from the Gulf Stream Pinches off and isolates a body of water within the center of the north Atlantic gyre, the body of water is called a:

Cold core ring

A cold air mass moving into an areas occupied by relatively warm air is called a(n):

Cold front.

The deflection of air masses go the right or left (depending on latitude) as they move from one latitude to another is called the:

Coriolis effect

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that DOES NOT fit the pattern. A. Carbonated ion B. Bicarbonate ion C. Chloride ion D. Hydrogen ion E. Hydroxide ion

D. Hydrogen ion

Which type of flow works in opposition to Ekman transport in a gyre?

Density-driven circulation

Idealized pressure belts and wind systems are significantly modified by Earth's tilted axis of rotation and:

Differences in the heat capacity of ocean and land.

Seawater:

Dissolved oxygen more readily than carbon dioxide

The wind belt(s) with strong, reliable, generally easterly winds is (are) the:

Doldrums

The El Nino weather pattern is associated with

Drought and fires in Australia.

The worldwide affect of El Niño include all of the following except:

Drought in the US Gulf coastal states

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that DOES NOT fit the pattern. A. Australian drought B. Decreased fish stock in coastal Peru C. Flooding rains in the southeastern U.S D. Peruvian upwelling stops E. Strong trade winds

E. Strong trade winds

Compared to a western boundary current, which of the following statements is true for a eastern boundary current:

Eastern boundary currents are broad and slow.

All of the following processes DECREASE seawater salinity EXCEPT:

Evaporation

A hurrican is a very strong high-pressure system.

False

A maritime polar air mass is likely to be dry and cold.

False

An eastern boundary current is narrow and swift.

False

An iceberg is a variety of sea ice.

False

Any solution with a pH of greater than 7.0 is acidic.

False

Deep ocean water does not travel across the equator.

False

Greater temperature fluctuations are seen in coastal areas due to the marine effect.

False

Latent heat of vaporization is the same as latent heat of sublimation.

False

The most dense ocean water is North Atlantic Deep Water

False

The trade winds can be found between 30 degree and 60 degree N and S latitudes.

False

The west wind drift occurs at 60° N around the Arctic Circle

False

Thermohaline circulation is wind-driven

False

Wind is initiated by thermal heating from the sun and cooling by the ocean creating a thermal convection cell.

False

During winter months monsoon winds over the Indian Ocean

Flow from land to sea and are dry

Which of the following is not an eastern boundary current?

Gulf Stream

Which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differences in daily highs and lows when compared to inland communities?

High heat capacity

Deep ocean water in the Indian Ocean includes red sea water which has:

High salinity and low oxygen

When ice forms from seawater, the remaining seawater will have a:

Higher salinity

The transfer of water from the atmosphere to the oceans to the continents is known as the:

Hydrologic cycle.

Deep water circulation in the pacific ocean is influenced by:

Hydrothermal vents from the East Pacific rise

The location where water flows uninterrupted between the pacific, the Atlantic, and the Indian oceans is:

In the southern ocean

The surface tension of water:

Increases as density decreases.

The tropical ocean-global atmosphere (TOGA) is a(n):

International program begun in 1985 to study El Niño event

The doldrums refers to the same region as the:

Intertropival comvergence zone

Many of the unique properties of water are attributed to the fact that water:

Is a polar molecule

Residence time:

Is the average length of time that substances reside in the ocean

A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure water at 0 degree C. What happens to the temperature of the mixture as heat is added?

It remains constant until the ice melts then it begins to rise.

Identify the mismatched pair.

Labrador current, Humboldt current

Convection cells driven by the relatively weak with near the center of gyres are called:

Langmuir circulation

Compared to antarctic bottom water, north Atlantic deep water is:

Lower in oxygen

The Sargasso Sea is located in the:

North Atlantic Ocean

Scientists have concluded that deep pacific ocean water is old due to it low

Oxygen levels

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that DOES NOT fit the pattern. A. Gulf Stream B. Kuroshio current C. North equatorial current D. Peru current E. Somali current

Peru current

A rapid change in ocean density with change in depth is the:

Pycnocline

The strength of a hurricane is ranked from 1 to 5 on the:

Saffir-Simpson Scale

Covalent bonds form between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule as a result of the:

Sharing of electrons between atoms.

Which of the following statements is true of surface ocean currents?

Surface currents form circular patterns in the major ocean basins called "gyres"

The unit of measurement used to describe the rate at which a volume of ocean water moves in a current is a(n):

Sverdrup

All are true of the Antarctic circumpolar current except:

The Antarctic circumpolar current contributes to the development of antarctic bottom water in the Weddell sea

The Ekman spiral is driven by

The coriolis effect

The Principle of Constant Proporions states that:

The relative concentration of seawater ions does not change.

The El Nino southern oscillation can best be described as:

Their relationship between sea surface temperature and high altitude pressure.

Which of the following is true of surface water circulation near Antarctica?

To circumpolar current dominate it, one current that moves water to the east and one current that moves water to the west

In the southern hemisphere the direction of Ekman transport is

To the left of the wind direction.

As a result of the Coriolid effect in the northern hemisphere, winds are deflected:

To the right of the original direction.

Equatorial currents are driven by:

Tradewinds

A Doppler flow meter is a scientific instrument used to measure current flow rates.

True

A cold front is likely to have heavy, brief showers associated with it.

True

A hurricane contains more energy than has been generated in the U.S. over the last twenty years.

True

As a whole, the pH of the ocean is slightly alkaline.

True

Deep ocean currents often move called, dense water away from the poles

True

Deep ocean water masses have characteristic temperatures and salinities

True

Downwelling may be the result of winds blowing parallel to a coastline.

True

Dynamic topography can be used to compute current direction and velocity.

True

Evaporation causes cooling in the residual liquid. (a) True (b) False

True

Glaciers and sea ice have a high albedo.

True

Halite, sodium chloride, is the most abundant salt in seawater.

True

Heat capacity of liquid water is 1 calorie per gram per degree C.

True

In the northern hemisphere, Ekman transport pushes surface water to the right of the wind direction.

True

Monsoons are seasonal low pressure systems that develop at the lower latitudes over continents that causes a change in seasonal winds and precipitation patterns

True

Near the poles, more energy is reflected back into space than is absorbed.

True

Oh deep water in ocean basins originate in the Atlantic ocean

True

Salinity refers to all the solid materials in seawater including dissolved and suspended substances.

True

The Saffir-Simpson scale rates the relative intensity of tropical cylones.

True

The alkalinity of a solution is an estimate of its acid buffering capacity.

True

The angle at which direct sunlight strikes the ocean's surface is important in determining the amount of solar energy that is absorbed.

True

The circular pattern of surface water currents is called a gyre.

True

The jet stream is a fast moving easterly flowing air mass.

True

The largest current By volume in the oceans is the Antarctic circumpolar current

True

The latent heat vaporization of water is larger than the latent heat of melting.

True

The percentage of incident light radiation reflected back to space is termed albedo.

True

The source of some deep Ocean water masses can be identified by the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water mass.

True

The voyage of the HMS challenger was the first systematic sampling of biological specimens and chemical and physical properties of the ocean

True

Water is a polar molecule.

True

Water is the only naturally occurring substance that exists in all three states of matter simultaneously (ice, water, and water vapor).

True

Water molecules exhibit strong cohesion.

True

hydrogen bonds between water molecules are responsible for the unique chemical and physical properties of water.

True

pH will tend to rise in areas of the ocean with high primary productivity.

True

Surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient-rich bottom water through:

Upwelling

Match the term or person with the appropriate phrase. You may use each answer once, more than once or not at all. 1. Area where air falls close to the equator 2. Prevailing wind pattern at tropical latitudes 3. Located at 23.5 N latitude 4. Located at 23.5 S latitude 5. Prevailing wind pattern at temperate latitudes

Westerlies - 5 Intertropical convergence zone - 1 Trade Winds - 2 Tropic of Cancer - 3 Tropic if Capricorn - 4

A maritime tropical air mass is likely to be:

Wet and warm

Surface ocean circulation is driven primarily by _______ and modified by _______.

Wind; the Coriolis effect and land.

Latent heat is used to:

change states of matter.

Thermohaline circulation is driven by:

density

Geostrophic circulation is within a gyre driven by:

gravity

Water can pile up a short distance above a container's rim due to:

high surface tension.

In comparison to most other liquids, the heat capacity of water is:

higher than other liquids

Deep ocean water generally has high amounts of:

nutrients and oxygen

Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of:

polarity of water molecules

As the salinity of seawater increases, its:

residence time does not change

When water evaporates from the ocean surface:

the remaining water is cooled.

The temperate regions are characterized by:

westerly winds

Strong upwelling occurs in all of the following except:

where deep ocean water currents are formed