Oceanography Chapter 15

Some organisms living in the high water portion of the intertidal zone cannot survive in the supralittoral zone because they ________.

cannot tolerate desiccation or drying out

Deep-water corals lack the ________ that their shallow-water cousins have.

symbiotic zooxanthellae algae

Corals need water where the average monthly temperature exceeds ________ Celsius throughout the year.

18°

Along a rocky shore, the spray zone is indicated by the number ________.

1

Within the intertidal zone, the area that receives equal amounts of air exposure and water coverage is indicated by the number ________.

5

Most reef-building corals receive about ________ of their nutrition from symbiotic zooxanthellae algae.

90%

Which of the following human threats to the ocean has resulted in making it more difficult for corals to build skeletons?

Acidification

Chemosynthetic bacteria do not form the base of the food web at which of the following biocommunities?

Cold water reefs

Which of the following are not a species found in hydrothermal vent biocommunities?

Corals

Which of the following factors does not limit coral growth?

High concentrations of calcium carbonate in the water

Which of the following digests the edible tissue inside a mussel shell by turning its stomach inside out and slipping it through the crack in the shell?

Sea stars

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Coral are not usually found close to areas where major rivers drain into the sea BECAUSE they require low turbidity and salt water.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Great abundances of benthic life are found beneath areas of high primary productivity BECAUSE life on the ocean floor mostly depends on the productivity of the ocean's surface waters.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Reef-building corals are able to survive in nutrient-poor tropical waters BECAUSE they receive most of their nutrition from symbiotic zooxanthellae algae.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Coral bleaching causes coral to turn white BECAUSE bleach has been poured on the reef.

The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The low tide zone typically has an abundance of algae BECAUSE it is almost always exposed.

The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Warmer-than-normal sea surface temperatures stress corals BECAUSE they cannot survive for long when the water temperature exceeds 20° Celsius.

The assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.

The most successful adaptation for living on a sediment-covered shore is ________.

burrowing into the sediment

The distribution of benthic biomass closely matches the distribution of ________ in surface waters

chlorophyll

The crown-of-thorns sea star destroys coral reefs by ________.

eating the coral polyps

The loss of color (coral bleaching) in coral reef organisms can be a result of ________.

loss of zooxanthellae

The relationship between the protistan zooxanthellae and the polyps of reef-building corals is best described as a/an ________.

mutualistic symbiosis

The three varieties of seeps on the seafloor include hypersaline, hydrocarbon, and ________.

subduction zone seeps

Primary producers in hydrothermal vent communities are ________.

sulfur-oxidizing archaea