ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY AND BEHAVIOR TEST II

___ is a reward system commonly found in team environments, where recipients are required to acquire a set of core abilities.

Skill-based pay

According to equity theory, people

c. want to be treated fairly.

A ___ is an informal alliance of individuals or groups formed to achieve a common goal.

coalition

In which stage is the group considered to be mature?

control and organization

Participation occurs when employees

have a voice in decisions about their own work

Goal specificity is consistently related to

performance

Which of the following distributes a portion of the company's profits to all employees at a predetermined rate?

profit-sharing program

It is possible for the same decision to be ___ for an experienced manager and nonprogrammed for a more junior manager.

programmed

Which theory serves as the basis for job enrichment?

two factor theory of motivation

According to the human relations approach to motivation, offering employees ___ is the best way to enhance motivation in the workplace.

the illusion of self-direction

Which of the following is categorized as a formal group?

Command

What is a relatively new role for managers in teams?

Facilitator

The Two-Factor Theory was developed by which of the following theorists?

Frederick Herzberg

A successful MBO program starts with top managers establishing which of the following?

Overall organizational goals

According to the equity theory, an example of an input is

all of the above are inputs education experience effort loyalty

Telecommuting is an example of an organization using

alternative workplaces

___ refers to the inability of human beings to process an unlimited amount of information, causing most decisions to be made in a partially irrational manner.

bounded rationality

According to the rational decision-making approach, what is the fifth step of the decision-making process?

evaluate alternatives

Receiving a $10 bonus for every fifth sale is an example of which schedule of reinforcement?

fixed-interval

Any time a customer voices a complaint about the way the food tastes, the restaurant manager always offers a complimentary meal. This represents

a decision rule

A decision maker's actions should be guided by

a goal

Which of the following represents the step of the rational decision-making approach in which the outcomes of the decision are compared to the desired goal?

control: measure and adjust

Being able to see similarities between situations, phenomena, or events is a creative ability called ___.

convergent

___ groups always include members with different areas of expertise.

cross-functional

When cohesiveness is ___ and norms are highly compatible with organizational goals, productivity is the highest.

high

An ___ is a person who engages in leadership activities but whose right to do so has not been formally recognized.

informal leader

___ is an essential component of all groups.

interaction

The first widespread model that addressed how individual work should be designed focused on

job specialization

According to Herzberg, ___ factors are intrinsic to the job and increase satisfaction.

motivation

___ is the set of forces that causes people to engage in a behavior, rather than an alternative behavior.

motivation

According to Maslow's heirarchy of needs, ___ needs are people's most basic requirements.

physiological

A performance bonus is an example of

positive reinforcement

When a few employees are given a small reward to show that they are appreciated, the reward carries ___ value.

symbolic

___ is the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work, according to the job characteristics theory.

task identity

The primary job of ___ is to create new products, processes, or businesses.

venture teams

Which of the following is an alternative work arrangement in which an employee is given more control over the times worked on a typical workday?

Flextime

During the ___ phase of team implementation, managers should provide encouragement, monitor performance, and sometimes protect teams from those who want to see the team fail.

Reality and unrest

For various reasons, Anne is unable to move ahead into a higher position at work. According to ERG theory, which of the following sets of needs will become more important to Anne?

Relatedness

Creative thinking is enhanced by which of the following?

all of these are correct high levels of energy intelligence openness attraction to complexity

Being able to see differences between situations, phenomena, or events is a creative ability called ___ thinking.

divergent