OT 552 - Case Solution 1
what approach involves helping all children and youth gain a working knowledge of positive mental health and proactive strategies for maintaining mental health?
mental health literacy
what two types of data should be gathered in the 2nd step of MAP-IT to provide a deeper understanding of the health concern and identify any unexplored options?
numbers and facts to provide an objective picture of the situation and varied perspectives from those affected by the initiative
what refers to providing children opportunities to learn about health eating?
nutrition environment
what includes availability of healthy meals and snacks?
nutrition services
what type of intervention is recommended to foster the practice of new skills, includes supportive adults for coaching, and intervention programs long enough to allow ample opportunity for practice of emergent skills?
peer models
what refers to a school environment that offers opportunities for activity throughout the school day?
physical Education & Physical Activity
what is defined as the school building and its surroundings and the effect of these on the well-being of students and staff at school?
physical environment
In which level in the Continuum of Health Promotion and Wellness are health promotion interventions preventative and aimed at healthy populations and individuals?
primary
a public health approach is a a school-wide, strength-based model focusing on what?
promotion, prevention, early intervention, and integration of services for all students
what approach requires a change in thinking from the traditional, individually focused, deficit-driven model of mental health intervention to a school-wide, strength-based model focusing on promotion, prevention, early intervention, and integration of services for all students?
public health approach
What can school practitioners do to help with the reorientation of the profession toward health, well-being and quality of life?
School practitioners can bring the distinct perspective and value of occupation in facilitating life changes in healthy school efforts and serve as advocates for all students and staff, including populations at risk for health concerns.
what are some examples of ways for OTs to incorporate mental health services?
- a student can write about feelings while completing a handwriting task - create sensory friendly spaces or modify the environment in the classroom or the school to foster social participation - build the capacity of the school staff and families to promote mental health - give an in-service to staff to teach them how to promote positive mental health to their students. Information sheets, posters and other resources can be shared with teachers, students and their families
Health promotion programs incorporating the 3 attributes of WHO's Health Promoting Schools framework have resulted in positive outcomes for what 5 topics?
- body mass - physical activity - healthy eating - tobacco usage - bullying.
Healthy intervention plans should do what 3 things?
- identify key intervention points, based on evidence, where changes can be made - include clear objectives and steps - include meaningful measures of progress
WHO's Health Promoting Schools framework does what 3 things?
- incorporates health education into the curriculum - makes changes to the school environment - involves families and the community
why is collecting outgoing data important?
- informs of successes and failures - allows for needed changes - creates efficiency
why is communication among team members so important?
- keeps the project alive - informs others of the progress toward outcomes and reward - verifies to participants that they are a part of something worthwhile.
Identifying key intervention points involves what 2 things?
- seeking research evidence for considered approaches - noting opportunities for implementation
What are the 3 levels in the Continuum of Health Promotion and Wellness?
-Primary level, health promotion interventions are preventative and are aimed at healthy populations and individuals. Primary health promotion interventions are familiar parts of day-to-day life in schools. Examples include programs for drug awareness, Jump Rope for Heart, and removal of sugary snack in vending machines or school meals. - secondary level, health promotion interventions are directed toward persons or populations who are at risk for a disease or health concern but have not demonstrated symptoms or are in early stages that can be slowed or arrested. An example is free meals (breakfast and lunch) as they target the health risks of students from low-income families. An example that includes children with disabilities is a walking club for students with Down Syndrome who are at risk for obesity. - tertiary level, health promotion interventions address the health concerns of persons with established disease. These interventions seek to restore the person to highest function, prevent disease-related complications, and ultimately minimize the effects of the disorder. Direct occupational therapy occurs at this level. Examples are working on medication management for an adolescent with JRA.
what are the tier 1 approaches developed outside of the profession?
-Social and Emotional Learning -PBIS (Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports) -Mindfulness, Yoga, and relaxation approaches -Mental health literacy
what are the tier 1 approaches developed by occupational therapy professionals?
-zones of regulation -drive-thru menus -every moment counts
In 2013, ___1_____ reissued a position paper on obesity stating the commitment of the profession to __________________2_________________________? what is an example of this (3)?
1. AOTA 2. use everyday life activities therapeutically in the management of obesity 3. comfortable cafeterias
AOTA identified the OTs role in health promotion to include what 2 things?
1. emphasis on healthy lifestyles with occupation as an essential element 1. emphasis on interventions for persons, groups, and populations.
Most health topics are addressed in ___________1___________, the most common topic being _______2___________.
1. high schools 2. violence prevention
OTs have a _______1________ interest in health education that includes ______2_______ & ________3_______.
1. primary 2. making health-promoting decisions 3. adopting health-enhancing behaviors
Bracketed by community, the WSCC model works through 10 school health components that form a unified approach to health promotion in the schools. What are the 10 components?
1.Health education 2.Nutrition environment and services 3.Employee wellness 4.Social and emotional school climate 5.Physical environment 6.Health services 7.Counseling, psychological, and social services 8.Community involvement 9.Family engagement; and 10.Physical education and physical activity
Guidelines, Recommendations, & Adaptations that include Disability has been developed for _____ of 24 CDC obesity programs (2014)
11
________ minutes of movement daily is the target amount for healthy schools.
60
What are examples of secondary level in the Continuum of Health Promotion and Wellness?
An example is free meals (breakfast and lunch) as they target the health risks of students from low-income families. An example that includes children with disabilities is a walking club for students with Down Syndrome who are at risk for obesity.
The_____ has recommended on-site care coordination that OT can contribute to in collaboration with the school nurse.
CDC
what are some examples of ways OTs have promoted mental health, social and emotional safety, and positive childhood socialization in schools?
Every Moment Counts, Playworks, andPeaceful Playgrounds
What are examples of tertiary level in the Continuum of Health Promotion and Wellness?
Examples are working on medication management for an adolescent with JRA.
What are examples of primary level in the Continuum of Health Promotion and Wellness?
Examples include programs for drug awareness, Jump Rope for Heart, and removal of sugary snack in vending machines or school meals.
__________ has emerged as the primary focus for strategies to increase physical activity as well as social-emotional school climate, with positive evidence to support it.
Recess
what are 2 key health promotion initiatives related to nutrition?
Healthy eating habits and access to healthy foods
How can we embed mental health promotion strategies?
Observe all students: tune into signs of positive mental health and look for behaviors that might suggest mental health concerns and communicate to educational team Promote mental health literacy: embed creative strategies for teaching students about positive mental health and how to recognize and cope with mental health challenges during handwriting practice, language arts, and lunch bunch groups. Some effective tools are coloring sheets, mental health apps, books, and posters that focus on mental health.
what approaches have been found to be promising in school settings for improving coping abilities and reducing anxiety?
Mindfulness, Yoga, and relaxation approaches
what approaches help students step back from stressful situations by teaching them to purposefully and nonjudgmentally be in the moment? Why is this important?
Mindfulness, Yoga, and relaxation approaches Learning how to cope with stressful situations and everyday challenges is an important life skill for all children and youth because feeling stressed and anxious can negatively affect students' learning and everyday functioning (eating, sleeping, socializing).
What approach to counseling, psychological, & social services uses the occupational theory principle of engagement in meaningful and purposeful activity to facilitate problem solving, stress management, self-confidence, money management, and job behaviors?
Occupational Therapy Training Program (OTTP)
what part of MAP-IT involves finding key partners who share interest in and are willing to contribute to a healthy school initiative or program?
Mobilize
What does MAP-IT stand for?
Mobilize, Assess, Plan, Implement, Track
the public health approach is reflected in what system?
Multi-tiered System of Support (MTSS)
what is MTSS?
Multi-tiered System of Support - refers to the public health approach to mental health
in what ways can Its promote health?
OTs can promote health by - performing assessments for health risks - teaching strategies to incorporate healthy lifestyles - identifying solutions to personal and environmental barriers to healthy activities - educating and providing skills training in healthy occupations.
_________ should be a routine part of the communication during implementation and ultimately feed into plans that may proceed beyond the original project.
Outcomes
which framework would you use for promoting positive behavior by creating school environments that proactively encourage appropriate behavior and prevent problem behaviors?
PBIS (Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports)
which health promotion interventions in the Continuum of Health Promotion and Wellness are familiar parts of day-to-day life in schools?
Primary
which framework would you use to guide the process of helping children and youth develop critical skills for life - how to get along with others, handle challenges, and behave ethically?
Social and Emotional Learning
what directly supports healthy student engagement in school?
Social and emotional school climate
what part of MAP-IT involves monitoring progress and collect ongoing data about the outcomes of the health promotion intervention?
TRACK
________________ rather than a solution gives the team flexibility when developing the plan (3rd MAP-IT step)
Targeting outcomes
in which level in the Continuum of Health Promotion and Wellness do interventions seek to restore the person to highest function, prevent disease-related complications, and ultimately minimize the effects of the disorder?
Tertiary
what tends to be the most powerful form of intervention for promoting social competence?
The use of small groups
which level or tier of service in the Public Health Approach to mental health involves universal mental health promotion?
Tier 1 - All
what are the parts of the Public Health Approach to mental health?
Tier 1 - All - universal mental health promotion Tier 2 - Some - targeted mental health prevention for those at risk of mental health challenges Tier 3 - Few - intensive mental health interventions for those with identified mental health disorders
what segment or the public health approach to mental health is geared toward the entire school population?
Tier 1 - universal services
which level or tier of service in the Public Health Approach to mental health involves targeted mental health prevention for those at risk of mental health challenges?
Tier 2 - Some
which level or tier of service in the Public Health Approach to mental health involves intensive mental health interventions for those with identified mental health disorders
Tier 3 - Few
what does WSCC stand for?
WHOLE SCHOOL, WHOLE COMMUNITY, WHOLE CHILD
This approach aims to ensure that each child is health, physically and emotionally safe, actively engaged in learning and the community, supported by caring adults, and academically challenged
WSCC
This model integrates the principles of a coordinated school health program with a whole-child approach to education. The child is at the center of the model, surrounded by the tenets of the whole-child approach to education.
WSCC
what approach combines social thinking concepts and visual supports to help students identify feelings, understand how their behaviors affect others, and learn tools that they can use to move to a more acceptable state?
Zones of Regulation
what is involved in the 2nd step of MAP-IT?
assessing who is affected and how, what resources are available, and what resources need to be found
Incorporating _____________ interventions for mental health in schools is good practice for OT?
activity-based
what type of interventions help improve a child's peer interactions, task-focused behaviors, and conformity to social norms?
arts & crafts, play, and games
How does social and emotional school climate directly supports healthy student engagement in school?
because good relationships with others support academic performance
how can OTs accomplish successful implementation?
by designating specific individuals to implement concrete steps as well as naming an individual to oversee the intervention and pull the multiple efforts together.
which occupational approach to lunchtime that was developed by and is currently in use by occupational therapists?
comfortable cafeterias
what is defined as partnerships between schools and organizations in the community for mutual benefit and the overall goal of a healthy community?
community involvement
Healthy school initiatives started by OTs typically arise out of a concern realized in ________________
daily practice.
OT practitioners can adapt existing and successful health promotion programs to address the needs of individuals with _____________
disabilities
what approach provides teachers and other school personnel with a menu of 3 - 5-minute activities that can be embedded in the classroom to help students manage stress and relax or to enhance alertness for attending?
drive-thru menus
what supports students' health and academic success?
employee health and wellness
What approach uses embedded strategies designed to promote inclusive student participation and positive mental health throughout the day?
every moment counts
What has been a foundational philosophy in pediatric OT practice and has application for healthy schools?
family centered care
what is described as including any formal learning experiences that facilitate skills people need to make quality health decisions?
health education
a connection between schools and health care providers that facilitate access to and appropriate use of primary health care
health services
why is collecting ongoing data important?
informs of successes and failures, allows for needed changes, and creates efficiency.
what are the characteristics of healthy learning environments?
safe and supportive
what framework promotes interdisciplinary collaboration among mental health providers, related service providers, school administrators, teachers, and families to meet the mental health needs of all students?
school mental health framework
family engagement is who's responsibility?
schools and families!
In which level in the Continuum of Health Promotion and Wellness are health promotion interventions directed toward persons or populations who are at risk for a disease or health concern but have not demonstrated symptoms or are in early stages that can be slowed or arrested?
secondary
Direct occupational therapy occurs at which level in the Continuum of Health Promotion and Wellness?
tertiary
In which level in the Continuum of Health Promotion and Wellness do health promotion interventions address the health concerns of persons with established disease?
tertiary
who developed the WSCC?
the CDC and the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Occupational therapists engage in the promotion of healthy physical activity and have contributed to health programs in what areas?
the areas of obesity, children with assistive mobility devices, autism, and culturally diverse populations.
what is required for successful implementation?
the commitment of involved individuals and ownership of the healthy school intervention
what should OT be recommending to promote participation?
the use of evidence based, meaningful activities
When are there opportunities to affect the social and emotional school climate?
throughout the school day
why would an OT use the mental health literacy approach?
to educating students about how to prevent mental health disorders, recognize signs of becoming unwell, engage in self-help strategies, and obtain help when feeling mentally unwell.
why would an OT use the Zones of Regulation?
to help students identify feelings, understand how their behaviors affect others, and learn tools that they can use to move to a more acceptable state
what is the reason the WSCC model was created?
to increase community involvement so schools, community groups, institutions, and businesses can share health goals and resources
describe the pyramid used to depict the MTSS?
where all students (universal) is at the bottom, some (those targeted at-risk student) are the next tier, and the few identified students (intensive) are at the top.
what are some mental health topics that can be incorporated with an entire class?
• Learning coping and self-regulation skills (Zones of Regulation) • Prosocial & health behaviors activities (the Comfortable Cafeteria and Refreshing Recess programs) • Relaxation strategies (Calm Moments Cards and Drive Thru Menus programs)
what are some mental health topics that can be incorporated with a small group?
• prosocial skills (how to be a good friend) • mental health literacy (learn about positive mental health) • mental health promotion (engaging in enjoyable activities, talking about feelings)
What are features of the physical environment that OTs need to consider?
•A healthy and safe school building, including the surrounding area •Adequate lighting, heating and ventilation •Safe drinking water, air quality, and acoustics •Physical security, free from hazards and biological or chemical agents •Policies to prevent unintentional injuries and a crisis management plan •School bus and pedestrian safety
What are the 2 essential considerations in school health and wellness?
•Continuum of Health Promotion and Wellness •WSCC (Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child)
What are some questions OT should ask regarding health education in schools?
•How is health education being addressed in my schools? •What topics are being taught? •Are these topics inclusive for students with special needs? •How could an occupation-based approach, incorporating daily life activities, enhance the educational value of what is being offered?
What are the ways OTs can contribute to employee health and wellness?
•Provide training to school staff in safe positioning and handling techniques for students with disabilities •Offer in-services related to desk ergonomics for staff •Assist with office arrangement for efficiency to reduce stress on joints
School Mental Health is a framework of approaches that emphasize:
•promotion •prevention •positive youth development •school wide approaches
