Patho Case Study #6 Chapter 13: Respiratory System Disorders Asthma

B

According to classification, what is the key difference between Acute Asthma versus Chronic Asthma? (A) Acute refers to a brief attack, lasting less than an hour; chronic refers to a longer lasting attack, greater than 12 hours. (B) Acute refers to a single episode; chronic refers to a long-term condition, which may result in lung damage.

B

According to classification, what type of Asthma is IgE mediated, associated with allergies, described as Classic Childhood Asthma, and acute attacks typically respond well to bronchodilators. (A) Intrinsic Asthma (B) Extrinsic Asthma

C

Peter carries a inhaler (Beta2-adrenergic agent) to use when an Acute Asthma Attack begins. How does this medication promote recovery from the attack? (A) Thins mucus for easier removal. (B) Strengthens respiratory muscles. (C) Causes bronchodilation. (D) Decreases inflammation.

D

Peter had a history of asthma as a child. His condition improved for a few years, but now at age 32 he has been having frequent acute asthma attacks. QUESTION: Which of the following are typical of acute asthma attacks? 1. Bronchodilation. 2. Rupture of alveolar capillaries. 3. Edema in the mucosa. 4. Increased amounts of thick mucus. (A) Only 1 and 2 are correct. (B) Only 1 and 4 are correct. (C) Only 2 and 3 are correct. (D) Only 3 and 4 are correct.

B

Peter had an acute attack while waiting for his appointment. Which of the following causes air trapping and hyperinflation in the lungs in the early stage of the attack? (A) Increased respiratory rate. (B) Partial obstruction in the small bronchi and bronchioles (C) Loss of elastic recoil in the lungs (D) Total obstruction of the bronchi

A

Peter has started a new medication, a glucocorticoid (steroid) to be taken on a daily basis by inhalation. This is expected to reduce the number and severity of exacerbations by: (A) Its anti-nflammatory action. (B) Its bronchodilator effect. (C) Blocking mucus production. (D) Liquefying thick mucus.

D

What causes atelectasis during an Acute Asthma Attack? (A) Increasing number of partial obstructions. (B) Increased air in the pleural cavity. (C) Increased fluid in the alveoli. (D) Total obstruction by mucus plugs

A

What happens to the air distal to the total obstruction? (A) Remaining air diffuses into the interstitial areas. (B) More air is drawn into the distal area than is blown out. (C) Air is trapped and continues to buildup pressure. (D) It may diffuse into the blood and cause an air embolus.

B

What is the major factor contributing to Peter's frequent Respiratory Tract Infections? (A) His immune system is depressed. (B) Mucus and secretions provide a medium for bacterial growth. (C) Extensive lung damage predisposes one to infection. (D) He aspirates infected Upper Respiratory Tract secretions.

A

What is the major problem for Peter during an Asthma Attack? (A) Hypoxia (B) Pneumothorax (C) Hyperemia (D) Bradycardia

D

Which of the following is a manifestation noted in the early stage of Acute Asthma? (A) Irregular, but deep respirations. (B) Cyclic chest pain. (C) Productive cough with purulent sputum. (D) Expiratory wheezing and cough.

B

Why is it more difficult to expire than to inspire air past a partial obstruction? (A) Inspiration is a passive process. (B) Expiration is a passive process. (C) Alveoli can't recoil. (D) Ribs tend to remain elevated.