patho quiz 6

which of the following individuals displays the precursors to acromegaly?

an adult with an excess of growth hormone due to an adenoma

pathophysiologic process underlying type 2 diabetes

beta cell exhaustion due to long-standing insulin resistance

when educating a client with possible glucocorticoid dysfunction, the nurse will explain that the CRH controls the release of ACTH. the best time to perform a blood test to measure peak ACTH levels would be

6-8 AM

resident of a long-term facility exhibiting clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism

80 year old woman who has uncharacteristically lost her appetite and often complains of feeling cold

greatest risk for the development of foot ulcers in a diabetic client

bilateral distal loss of pain sensation, motor neuropathy related to improperly fitted shoes, smoking history averaging 2 packs/day

clinical manifestations that support the diagnosis of Cushing syndrome

buffalo hump on back, blood glucose level in the 200 mg/dL range, excessive facial hair growth, moon face

a client with type 1 diabetes has started a new exercise routine. knowing there may be some increase risks associated with exercise, the health care provider should encourage the client to

carry a snack with carbs to prevent profound hypoglycemia

impaired and delayed healing in a person with diabetes is caused by long term complications such as

chronic neuropathies

clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism

coarse brittle hair, weight gain despite loss of appetite, puffy face with swollen eyelids (weakness & fatigue, cold intolerance, dry rough skin, jaundice, thinning of outer third of eyebrows)

a client tells his health care provider that his body is changing. used to be normal for blood glucose to be higher during the latter part of the morning, but now his fasting blood glucose level is elevated in the early AM (7). may be experiencing

dawn phenomenon

what pathophysiologic phenomena may result in diagnosis of Cushing disease

excess ACTH production by pituitary tumor

diabetic retinopathy, the leading cause of acquired blindness in the United States, is characterized by retinal

hemorrhages

which hormonal regulation mechanism helps explain how insulin is regulated

hypothalamic-pituitary-target cell system

while working on the med-surge floor, the nurse has a client who is experiencing an insulin reaction. the client is conscious and can follow directions. the most appropriate intervention would be:

immediately administer 15 g of glucose (preferably via oral route) and wait for 15 minutes, repeat if necessary

immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects of cortisol cause

inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis

which of the following pregnant women likely faces the greatest risk of gestational diabetes? a client who:

is morbidly obese defined as greater than 100 pounds over ideal weight

a diabetic client was visiting the endocrinologist for annual checkup. the client's blood work reveals an increased level of which lab result that reveals early signs of diabetic nephropathy?

microalbuminuria

client exhibiting manifestations of prediabetes

middle-aged overweight adult with a fasting plasma glucose level of 122 with follow-up OGTT of 189 mg/dL

effect of the action of insulin

promotion of glucose uptake by target cells

a client who has been taking 80 mg of prednisone, a glucocorticoid, each day has been warned by his primary care provider to carefully follow a plan for the gradual reduction of the dose rather than stopping the drug suddenly. why?

suddenly stopping the drug may cause acute adrenal insufficiency