patho test 3
A nurse is performing a n assessment of a female client in the clinic. The client reports foul-smelling urine and pain with urination. The client states, "I bet I have a UTI. Why do I tend to get a urinary tract infections?" Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the explanation? A) "As a female, you have a shorter urethra creating an easier way for bacteria to invade your bladder" B) "At your age you have _ sexual intercourse than older females, making you more likely to get a UTI" C) "As a female, you have more E. coli in your gastrointestinal system that can enter the bladder through your urethra" D) "If you take too many showers you are more susceptible to getting a UTI because you are washing off the protective bacteria"
A) "As a female, you have a shorter urethra creating an easier way for bacteria to invade your bladder"
A nurse is admitting a client who has active tuberculosis to a room on a medical-surgical unit. Which of the following room assignments should the nurse make for the client? A) A room with air exhaust directly to the outdoor environment B) A room with another nonsurgical client C) A room in the ICU D) A room that is within view
A) A room with air exhaust directly to the outdoor environment
17) A nurse is caring for a client who presents to the hospital with manifestations of a thoracic injury. which of the following diagnostic tools would the nurse anticipate the health care provider to order? A) Chest x-ray B) Focused assessment with sonography in trauma C) Thoracentesis D) Ultrasound E) Pleural cavity decompression via needle aspiration
A) Chest x-ray B) Focused assessment with sonography in trauma D) Ultrasound
18) Which of the following are the most common manifestations of COPD? A) Chronic cough B) Sputum production C) Dyspnea D) wheezing E) Chest tightness
A) Chronic cough B) Sputum production C) Dyspnea
10) A nurse is caring for a group of clients who have been diagnosed with urinary retention. Which of the following underlying conditions place these clients at risk of urinary retention? A) Constipation B) Multiple sclerosis C) Parkinson's disease D) Pelvic organs prolapse E) Streptococcal infection
A) Constipation B) Multiple sclerosis C) Parkinson's disease D) Pelvic organs prolapse
A nurse is caring for a client who has an admitted diagnosis of renal calculi and medical history of hypertension and gout. The client works 6 days of the week outside in temperatures between 32.2C to 37.8C (. Which of the following should the nurse tell the client to prevent a reoccurrence of renal calculi? A) Drink plenty of fluids during the day B) Eat a diet high in calcium-oxalate-rich foods C) Eat a diet high in purine-rich foods D) Continue to take your prescribed gout medication
A) Drink plenty of fluids during the day
A nurse manager at a skilled nursing facility has noticed an increase in urinary tract infections by 12% in the past year. In an effort to decrease this rate, which of the following should the nurse manager teach the nursing staff? A) Encourage adequate fluid intake every day B) Remind clients to urinate right away when they have an urge to completely empty their bladder C) Continue prescribed antibiotics even if the client's symptoms have subsided D) Promote perineal care that includes wiping the perineum from the front to the back E) Obtain orders from the health care provider to discontinue catheters as soon as possible
A) Encourage adequate fluid intake every day B) Remind clients to urinate right away when they have an urge to completely empty their bladder C) Continue prescribed antibiotics even if the client's symptoms have subsided D) Promote perineal care that includes wiping the perineum from the front to the back E) Obtain orders from the health care provider to discontinue catheters as soon as possible
14) A nurse is admitting a client who has pyelonephritis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect to be present during the assessment? A) Mental confusion B) Weak urine stream C) Fish-type urine odor D) Lower abdominal pain E) Frothy urine F) Hypertension
A) Mental confusion C) Fish-type urine odor D) Lower abdominal pain F) Hypertension
A nurse is caring for a client who has returned from the surgical suite following a surgery for a fractured mandible. The client had intermaxillary fixation to repair and stabilize the fracture. Which of the following actions is the priority for the nurse to take? A) Prevent aspiration B) Ensure adequate nutrition C) Promote oral health D) Relieve the client's pain
A) Prevent aspiration
A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage kidney disease who will soon begin hemodialysis treatments. Which of the following restrictions should the nurse discuss with the client that may impact quality of life? A) Restricting fluid intake B) Driving restrictions C) Limiting social activities to twice a week D) Restricting foods high in potassium, sodium, and phosphorus (renal diet: low sodium, no oranges, no tomatoes, no potatoes) E) Restricting airplane travel F) Time constraints
A) Restricting fluid intake D) Restricting foods high in potassium, sodium, and phosphorus (renal diet: low sodium, no oranges, no tomatoes, no potatoes) F) Time constraints
A nurse is caring for a client in a clinic who has foul-smelling urine, a low-grade fever of 37.7C(100F), and pain with urination. Which of the following should the nurse expect the health care provider to order? A) Blood cultures x 2 B) Broad-spectrum antibiotic C) WBC count D) Foley catheter placement E) A clean-catch urinalysis and urine culture F) 0.9% sodium chloride infusion at 100 mL/hr
B) Broad-spectrum antibiotic C) WBC count E) A clean-catch urinalysis and urine culture F) 0.9% sodium chloride infusion at 100 mL/hr
A nurse is teaching a group of unlicensed assistive personnel about urinary tract infections (UTI) in clients who have vaginas. When describing why clients who have vaginas have higher rates of UTIs than clients who don't have vaginas, which of the following explanations should the nurse use? A) Clients who have vaginas have a decreased bladder capacity B) Clients who have vaginas have a shorter urethra allowing bacteria to invade the bladder easier C) Clients who have vaginas have decreased strength of the detrusor muscle D) Clients who have vaginas have a more alkalotic urine which promotes the growth of bacteria
B) Clients who have vaginas have a shorter urethra allowing bacteria to invade the bladder easier
16) Which of the following are manifestations of obstructive sleep apnea? (select all) A) Easily getting back to sleep after awakening B) Frequent, loud snoring C) Loud snort after breathing D) 10 seconds or longer of breathing cessation 10 seconds or longer of breathing cessation E) Daytime sleepiness F) Many episodes of apnea per night
B) Frequent, loud snoring C) Loud snort after breathing D) 10 seconds or longer of breathing cessation 10 seconds or longer of breathing cessation E) Daytime sleepiness F) Many episodes of apnea per night
20) A nurse is caring for an adolescent client who has a newly applied fiberglass cast for a fractured tibia. Which of the following is the priority action for the nurse to take? A) Explain the discharge instructions to the clients and parents B) Perform a neurovascular assessment C) Provide reassurance to the client and parent D) Apply an ice pack to the casted leg
B) Perform a neurovascular assessment
A nurse is caring for a client who has progressing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Which of the following laboratory results would the nurse expect to find in the client's electronic health record? A) Creatinine decreasing B) Urine albumin increasing C) Proteinuria decreasing or decreased protein in the urine D) Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increasing
B) Urine albumin increasing
A nurse is caring for a client who reports to the clinic for laboratory tests. The client has an acute kidney injury caused by acute tubular necrosis and asks why their glomerular filtration rate keeps decreasing. Which of the following pathophysiological changes occurring in the kidney should the nurse explain as the cause of the decrease? A. The GFR decreases because there is obstruction leading to the filtration system backing up and eventually shutting the kidneys down B. The GFR decreases because there is injury to the renal tubular cells C. The GFR decreases because there is a reduction of blood flow to the kidneys D. The GFR decreases because inflammatory cells invade the already damaged kidneys
B. The GFR decreases because there is injury to the renal tubular cells
21) A nurse is completing discharge teaching with a client following arthroscopic knee surgery. Which of the following instruction should the nurse include in the teaching? A) Remain on bed rest for the first 24 B) Keep the leg in a dependent position C) Apply ice to the affected area D) Begin active range of motion
C) Apply ice to the affected area
15) A nurse is caring for older adults at a long-term care facility. Which of the following assessments should the nurse consider when monitoring clients for urinary retention? A) Proteinuria B) Color of the urine C) Dribbling of urine D) Bladder distention E) Voiding pattern
C) Dribbling of urine D) Bladder distention E) Voiding pattern
A nurse on a medical-surgical unit is caring for four clients who are 24 to 36 hours postoperative. Which of the following surgical procedures places the client at risk for deep-vein thrombosis? A) Myringotomy B) Laparoscopic appendectomy C) Hip arthroplasty D) Cataract extraction
C) Hip arthroplasty
A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a client who has a sucking chest wound resulting from a gunshot. The client has a blood pressure of 100/60 mm hg, a weak pulse rate of 118/min, and a respiratory rate of 40/min. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A) Raise the foot of the bed to a 90 degree angle B) Remove the dressing to inspect the wound C) Prepare to insert a central line D) Administer oxygen via nasal cannula
D) Administer oxygen via nasal cannula
A nurse is caring for a group of clients diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease (PKD). While teaching about ways to slow the progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which of the following topics would be most important for the nurse to include? A) Pain management B) Fluid restriction C) Blood glucose control D) Blood pressure control
D) Blood pressure control
a nurse is assessing a client who is in skeletal traction. Which of the following should the nurse identify as an indication of infection at the pin sites? A) Serosanguineous drainage B) Mild erythema C) Warmth D) Fever
D) Fever
A nurse is suctioning the endotracheal tube of a client who is on a ventilator. The client's heart rate increases from 86/min to 110/min and becomes irregular. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A) Obtain a cardiology consult B) Suction the client less frequently C) Administer an antidysrhythmic medication D) Perform pre-oxygenation prior to suctioning
D) Perform pre-oxygenation prior to suctioning
A nurse is gathering medical history from a client admitted for pyelonephritis. Which of the following should the nurse expect the client to report when asked about their medical history? A) The client states that they remember their mother saying their grandma had this same genetic disease B) The client states that they consume a high-calcium diet and have had high calcium in their blood C) The client reports that they took a lot of ibuprofen for arthritis for many years D) The client reports that they had two urinary tract infections (UTI) in the past 10 months
D) The client reports that they had two urinary tract infections (UTI) in the past 10 months
A nurse is caring for a client who has polycystic kidney disease (PKD). The client is admitted to the hospital for renal calculi and reports their abdomen has been getting bigger. Which of the following statements by the nurse is the best explanation for the increase in the abdominal girth? A. "The kidney infection has caused narrowing of the ureters and your abdomen has filled with fluid" B. "The inflammation in your kidneys damages the filtration system which causes fluid retention in your abdomen" C. "The stones might descend into the ureters, blocking the flow of urine and causing an increase in the girth of your abdomen" D. "The kidneys might continue to enlarge due to the cyst growing which increases the girth of your abdomen"
D. "The kidneys might continue to enlarge due to the cyst growing which increases the girth of your abdomen"
11) A nurse is caring for an adult client in the emergency department. Complete the following sentence by using the list of options The first action the nurse should perform is:
notify the health care provider followed by administer pain medication as prescribed.
