Pathophysiology exam 02 questions
Kidney failure at the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and the initiation of dialysis occur when a client has a glomeruli
14mL/min 1.73 M 2
In normal bladder environment, cystitis is prevented by the following except which
A short urethra
Which disorder would present with elevated serum lipase and amylase levels?
Acute pancreatitis
Strong risk factors for colon cancer include which of the following? Select all that apply
Aging, hereditary, chron's disease, High-fat diet
What is the amin cause of chronic pancreatitis?
Alcoholism
A client presents to the emergency department with lower right abdominal pains, fever, nausea and occasional diarrhea. After palpating the abdomen, the client displays a rebound tenderness. Which of the following would the nurse anticipate the client is experiencing?
Appendicities
What is the cause of pyelonephritis?
Ascending urinary tract infection
A nurse is reviewing the history and physical examination of a client who reports having frequent episodes of hematuria with the absence of pain. The nurse suspects the individual may have which of the following conditions.
Bladder cancer
Which of the following describes hematuria?
Blood in the urine
When a client has abnormal functioning of parathyroid glands, this can result in imbalances of which of the following electrolyte
Calcium
Which is an early indicator of colorectal cancer?
Change in bowel movement
The nurse is reviewing information regarding gonorrhea. Which of the following statements about gonorrhea is true?
Clients with gonorrhea are contagious even if they have no outward symptoms
A nurse is reviewing information regarding gonorrhea which of the following statements about gonorrhea is true?
Clients with gonorrhea are contagious even if they have no outward symptoms
Which of the following explain why individuals may experience diarrhea when taking antibiotics?
Destruction of normal gut flora
Which of the following may explain why individuals may experine diarrhea when taking antibiotics?
Destruction of the normal gut flora
When damage occurs to the antidiuretic hormone (ADH)-producing cells in the hypothalamus from head trauma, intracranial tumors, or neurosurgery, which of the following disorders can occur?
Diabetes insipidus
A client is experiencing polyuria, polyphagia and polydipsia, weight loss, and fatigue. What condition does the nurse suspect?
Diabetes mellitus
A client presents to the clinic with rapid breathing, flushed skin and ketones present in urine. Which disorder would the nurse expect the individual is suffering from?
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
What does the term dysphagia mean?
Difficulty in swallowing
Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of cystitis?
Dysuria
Which of the following may occur if gastroenteritis left untreated?
Electrical imbalance and dehydration
A sexually active male reports unilateral pain in his scrotum. Assessment findings include a red and swollen scrotum. Which diagnosis is supported by this data?
Epididymitis
Which of the following hormones do the kidneys secrete to increase red blood cells production?
Erythropoietin
A client presents with a round, full face, muscle wasting, and facial hair. Which hormone medication would the client likely be taking?
Estrogen
Which of the following is associated with clients who have a cystic fibrosis?
Excessive mucous secretion
Which of the following is a predisposing factor to bladder cancer?
Exposure to chemicals and cigarette smoke
What is the characteristic of the oliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis?
Fluid excess and electrolyte imbalance
Which is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis?
Gallstones
What condition leads to an excessive amount of growth hormone (GH) being released by the pituitary glands during in adolescents or young children
Gigantism
The pituitary gland produces which of the following hormones that act as a potent anabolic agent for the development of all the tissues of the body
Growth hormone (GH)
Which of the following is true regarding genital herps and herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 (select all that apply)
HSV type 2 is transmissible from mother to child, HSV type 2 is transmissible through direct skin-to skin contact.
In addiction to renal colic pain, signs or symptoms of ureteral stones may frequently include the following
Hematuria
Which of the following is the most frequent initial symptom of bladder cancer?
Hematuria
What are two main conditions responsible for chronic kidneys disease?
Hypertension and diabetes
What are the two main conditions responsible for chronic kidney diseases.
Hypertension and diabetes
Which two main conditions responsible for chronic kidney disease?
Hypertension and diabetes
A client complains of palpitations with a higher heartrate, restlessness, weight loss, amenorrhea, and an intolerance to heat. She also presents wit eyes that appear to be bulging. The nurse suspects which of the following disorders?
Hyperthyroidism
When taking the blood pressure of a client after parathyroidectomy to treat hyperparathyroidism, the nurse notes that the client's hand has gone into flexion contraction, also known as Trousseau's sign. What does the nurse determine to be the causes of this symptom?
Hypocalcemia
Which of the following conditions would be expected with the client with an elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level with a decreased triiodothyronine(T3) thyroxine(T4) level?
Hypothyroidism
A client has an acute respiratory failure (ARF) which of the following would the student nurse expect to find?
Hypoxemia and hypocapnia
The increased risk for men over the age of 50 to develop urinary tract infection is related to which of the following
Incontinece
Hepatic encephalopathy is associate with which imbalance below?
Increase blood ammonia levels
What is the most likely cause of hiatal hernia
Increase intraabdominal pressure
What are the clinical manifestation of hyperthyroidism (select all that apply)?
Increased heart rate, weight loss, Diarrhea
The nurse asses for which clinical manifestation in a client with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and ketoacidosis?
Increased rate and depth of respiration
The nurse assesses for which clinical manifestation in a client with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and ketoacidosis?
Increased rate and depth of respiration
Which of the following imbalances is found in clients with syndrome of inappropriate hormone (SIADH)
Increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone
Which of the following describes what occurs during the diuretic phase of acute kidney injury?
Increased urine output
Which of the following factors is not modifiable for clients with hypertension?
Increasing age
A 30-year-old male with newly diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is being counseled by her health care provider. The nurse understands that this condition often results to which of the following.
Infertility
A female client was recently diagnosed with endometriosis. The clinical manifestation of endometriosis includes which of the following (select all that apply)
Infertility, dysmenorrhea. Dyspareunia (pain during and after sex), Pelvic pain
Which of the following associates with postrenal kidney injury?
Injury in the ureter
Which of the following hormones play a role in decreasing blood glucose by facilitating glucose uptake into the cells?
Insulin
Which of the following types of acute injury can occur form administration of nephrotoxic substance such as contrast dye?
Intrinsic injury
What is the term used to describe the telescoping or invagination of the bowel into adjacent portion of the intestines?
Intussusception
Which of the following is true regarding acromegaly?
It results of a growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma
The nurse expects which of the following in an assessment of a client with ketoacidosis?
Low blood sugar, deep fast respirations, lethargy
A client had their parathyroid glands removed via thyroidectomy. Which alternation in homeostasis would a nurse correlate with
Low serum calcium
What pain is typical of diverticulitis
Lower left quadrant pain
The client diagnosed with cystitis asks the healthcare provider why she seems suspectable to recurrent infection. Which of the following is true about cystitis?
Most cases are due to Escherichia coli
What is the most common mechanism controlling hormone release and regulation
Negative feedback?
Which of the following organism is most often associated with pelvic inflammation disease
Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
What is the disorder characterized by a neurological condition that affects the bladder control?
Neurogenic bladder
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation associated with colorectal cancer
Occult in the stool
Which of the following does not usually develop as a complication of diabetes?
Osteoporosis
Results in syndrome of inappropriate Anti diuretic hormone (SIADH)?
Overproduction of antidiuretic hormone
Which PH value would be expected in a client experiencing diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)?
PH 7.31
The underlying pathogenic cause for type 1 diabetes which below?
Pancreatic Beta-cell destruction
The nurse conducts a physical assessment for a client with anorexia and severe abdominal pain. The nurse notes that the abdomen is rigid and the client temperature is 101.1 0 F (38.4 0 C). which condition does the nurse suspect based on this information?
Perforated gastric ulcers with peritonitis
Which of the following polys occurs with the type I diabetes?
Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
Which electrolyte can cause fatal cardiac dysrhythmia for clients with chronic kidney disease?
Potassium
Which electrolyte can cause fatal dysrhythmias for client with chronic kidney disease?
Potassium
A client has a progressive decrease in force of urinary stream, dribbling of urine and difficulty initiating the urine.
Prostatic enlargement
What is the main purpose of dialysis for a client with kidneys diseases
Remove excess fluid and waste
A client has gallstones obstructing the bile duct. What symptoms would the nurse expect to see in the client
Severe right upper quadrant
The client has gallstones obstructing the bile duct. What symptoms would the nurse expect to see in this client
Severe right upper quadrant pain
Which groups are at the highest risk of urinary tract infection?
Sexually active women
Incontinence manifested with exertion, such as lifting heavy objects, or by coughing or sneezing is known as which of the following?
Stress incontinence
Which of the following best describes the difference between stress incontinence and urge incontinence?
Stress incontinence is caused by pelvic floor muscles problem whereas urge incontinence is caused by a problem with detrusor muscles
The student nurse has a question from a client regarding syphilis. The client asks, "how does syphilis present in the tertiary stage of the disease?" How should the student respond nurse respond?
Syphilis can lead to systemic vascular damage in the tertiary stage of the disease.
Which of the following is the name of a medical emergency associated with hyperthyroidism which the client has a decreased level of consciousness and abdominal pain?
Thyroid storm
Which of the following is the name of the medical emergency with hyperthyroidism, in which the client experiences decreased levels of consciousness and abdominal pain?
Thyroid storm
Which of the following are risk factors for hypertension (HTN)
Tobacco use
Which of the following is incorrect regarding incontinence?
Urge incontinence is a normal part of aging
Which of the following would be include in the education of a client to help prevent recurrent cystitis (select all that apply)?
Urinating before and after sexual intercourse, increasing fluid intake, correct perineal cleansing after bowel movement and taking prescribe antibiotics
The nurse is aware that the production of aldosterone is regulated by which of the following glands
adrenal glands
Which information is correct regarding chlamydia and gonorrhea
both gonorrhea and chlamydia affect columnar epithelium cells
Which is the correct term for the prolapse of a portion of the bladder into the vaginal canal
cystocele
Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for nephrolithiasis?
dehydration
Which of the following clinical manifestation are associated with acute gastrititis
epigastric pain
Appropriate management of end-stage renal disease includes which of the following?
erythropoietin administration
Which of the following is a sign that a client is in the diuretic phase of acute renal
increase urine output?
What causes diabetes insipidus in
insufficient antidiuretic hormone (ADH) production
In perimenopausal women, dysfunctional uterine bleeding is commonly associated with which of the following
irregular estrogen production
Which of the following are signs of oliguric phase of acute kidney injury (AKI) select all that apply
metabolic acidosis, electrolyte imbalance, fluid colume excess, azotemia
What would the nurse expect to see in a client who has chronic bleeding form gastric ulcers?
occult blood in the stool.
Which of the following signs is the most indictive of hypothyroidism?
pulse rate of 50beats/min
Signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus include all of the following except which
swollen ankles
A client has been diagnosed with hypospadias, which finding will the nurse observe upon assessment
urinary meatus on the ventral undersurface of the penis
Which of the following are symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
weak stream,nocturia, and difficulty initiating stream