Pathophysiology exam 02 questions

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Kidney failure at the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and the initiation of dialysis occur when a client has a glomeruli

14mL/min 1.73 M 2

In normal bladder environment, cystitis is prevented by the following except which

A short urethra

Which disorder would present with elevated serum lipase and amylase levels?

Acute pancreatitis

Strong risk factors for colon cancer include which of the following? Select all that apply

Aging, hereditary, chron's disease, High-fat diet

What is the amin cause of chronic pancreatitis?

Alcoholism

A client presents to the emergency department with lower right abdominal pains, fever, nausea and occasional diarrhea. After palpating the abdomen, the client displays a rebound tenderness. Which of the following would the nurse anticipate the client is experiencing?

Appendicities

What is the cause of pyelonephritis?

Ascending urinary tract infection

A nurse is reviewing the history and physical examination of a client who reports having frequent episodes of hematuria with the absence of pain. The nurse suspects the individual may have which of the following conditions.

Bladder cancer

Which of the following describes hematuria?

Blood in the urine

When a client has abnormal functioning of parathyroid glands, this can result in imbalances of which of the following electrolyte

Calcium

Which is an early indicator of colorectal cancer?

Change in bowel movement

The nurse is reviewing information regarding gonorrhea. Which of the following statements about gonorrhea is true?

Clients with gonorrhea are contagious even if they have no outward symptoms

A nurse is reviewing information regarding gonorrhea which of the following statements about gonorrhea is true?

Clients with gonorrhea are contagious even if they have no outward symptoms

Which of the following explain why individuals may experience diarrhea when taking antibiotics?

Destruction of normal gut flora

Which of the following may explain why individuals may experine diarrhea when taking antibiotics?

Destruction of the normal gut flora

When damage occurs to the antidiuretic hormone (ADH)-producing cells in the hypothalamus from head trauma, intracranial tumors, or neurosurgery, which of the following disorders can occur?

Diabetes insipidus

A client is experiencing polyuria, polyphagia and polydipsia, weight loss, and fatigue. What condition does the nurse suspect?

Diabetes mellitus

A client presents to the clinic with rapid breathing, flushed skin and ketones present in urine. Which disorder would the nurse expect the individual is suffering from?

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

What does the term dysphagia mean?

Difficulty in swallowing

Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of cystitis?

Dysuria

Which of the following may occur if gastroenteritis left untreated?

Electrical imbalance and dehydration

A sexually active male reports unilateral pain in his scrotum. Assessment findings include a red and swollen scrotum. Which diagnosis is supported by this data?

Epididymitis

Which of the following hormones do the kidneys secrete to increase red blood cells production?

Erythropoietin

A client presents with a round, full face, muscle wasting, and facial hair. Which hormone medication would the client likely be taking?

Estrogen

Which of the following is associated with clients who have a cystic fibrosis?

Excessive mucous secretion

Which of the following is a predisposing factor to bladder cancer?

Exposure to chemicals and cigarette smoke

What is the characteristic of the oliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis?

Fluid excess and electrolyte imbalance

Which is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis?

Gallstones

What condition leads to an excessive amount of growth hormone (GH) being released by the pituitary glands during in adolescents or young children

Gigantism

The pituitary gland produces which of the following hormones that act as a potent anabolic agent for the development of all the tissues of the body

Growth hormone (GH)

Which of the following is true regarding genital herps and herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 (select all that apply)

HSV type 2 is transmissible from mother to child, HSV type 2 is transmissible through direct skin-to skin contact.

In addiction to renal colic pain, signs or symptoms of ureteral stones may frequently include the following

Hematuria

Which of the following is the most frequent initial symptom of bladder cancer?

Hematuria

What are two main conditions responsible for chronic kidneys disease?

Hypertension and diabetes

What are the two main conditions responsible for chronic kidney diseases.

Hypertension and diabetes

Which two main conditions responsible for chronic kidney disease?

Hypertension and diabetes

A client complains of palpitations with a higher heartrate, restlessness, weight loss, amenorrhea, and an intolerance to heat. She also presents wit eyes that appear to be bulging. The nurse suspects which of the following disorders?

Hyperthyroidism

When taking the blood pressure of a client after parathyroidectomy to treat hyperparathyroidism, the nurse notes that the client's hand has gone into flexion contraction, also known as Trousseau's sign. What does the nurse determine to be the causes of this symptom?

Hypocalcemia

Which of the following conditions would be expected with the client with an elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level with a decreased triiodothyronine(T3) thyroxine(T4) level?

Hypothyroidism

A client has an acute respiratory failure (ARF) which of the following would the student nurse expect to find?

Hypoxemia and hypocapnia

The increased risk for men over the age of 50 to develop urinary tract infection is related to which of the following

Incontinece

Hepatic encephalopathy is associate with which imbalance below?

Increase blood ammonia levels

What is the most likely cause of hiatal hernia

Increase intraabdominal pressure

What are the clinical manifestation of hyperthyroidism (select all that apply)?

Increased heart rate, weight loss, Diarrhea

The nurse asses for which clinical manifestation in a client with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and ketoacidosis?

Increased rate and depth of respiration

The nurse assesses for which clinical manifestation in a client with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and ketoacidosis?

Increased rate and depth of respiration

Which of the following imbalances is found in clients with syndrome of inappropriate hormone (SIADH)

Increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone

Which of the following describes what occurs during the diuretic phase of acute kidney injury?

Increased urine output

Which of the following factors is not modifiable for clients with hypertension?

Increasing age

A 30-year-old male with newly diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is being counseled by her health care provider. The nurse understands that this condition often results to which of the following.

Infertility

A female client was recently diagnosed with endometriosis. The clinical manifestation of endometriosis includes which of the following (select all that apply)

Infertility, dysmenorrhea. Dyspareunia (pain during and after sex), Pelvic pain

Which of the following associates with postrenal kidney injury?

Injury in the ureter

Which of the following hormones play a role in decreasing blood glucose by facilitating glucose uptake into the cells?

Insulin

Which of the following types of acute injury can occur form administration of nephrotoxic substance such as contrast dye?

Intrinsic injury

What is the term used to describe the telescoping or invagination of the bowel into adjacent portion of the intestines?

Intussusception

Which of the following is true regarding acromegaly?

It results of a growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma

The nurse expects which of the following in an assessment of a client with ketoacidosis?

Low blood sugar, deep fast respirations, lethargy

A client had their parathyroid glands removed via thyroidectomy. Which alternation in homeostasis would a nurse correlate with

Low serum calcium

What pain is typical of diverticulitis

Lower left quadrant pain

The client diagnosed with cystitis asks the healthcare provider why she seems suspectable to recurrent infection. Which of the following is true about cystitis?

Most cases are due to Escherichia coli

What is the most common mechanism controlling hormone release and regulation

Negative feedback?

Which of the following organism is most often associated with pelvic inflammation disease

Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

What is the disorder characterized by a neurological condition that affects the bladder control?

Neurogenic bladder

Which of the following is a clinical manifestation associated with colorectal cancer

Occult in the stool

Which of the following does not usually develop as a complication of diabetes?

Osteoporosis

Results in syndrome of inappropriate Anti diuretic hormone (SIADH)?

Overproduction of antidiuretic hormone

Which PH value would be expected in a client experiencing diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)?

PH 7.31

The underlying pathogenic cause for type 1 diabetes which below?

Pancreatic Beta-cell destruction

The nurse conducts a physical assessment for a client with anorexia and severe abdominal pain. The nurse notes that the abdomen is rigid and the client temperature is 101.1 0 F (38.4 0 C). which condition does the nurse suspect based on this information?

Perforated gastric ulcers with peritonitis

Which of the following polys occurs with the type I diabetes?

Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia

Which electrolyte can cause fatal cardiac dysrhythmia for clients with chronic kidney disease?

Potassium

Which electrolyte can cause fatal dysrhythmias for client with chronic kidney disease?

Potassium

A client has a progressive decrease in force of urinary stream, dribbling of urine and difficulty initiating the urine.

Prostatic enlargement

What is the main purpose of dialysis for a client with kidneys diseases

Remove excess fluid and waste

A client has gallstones obstructing the bile duct. What symptoms would the nurse expect to see in the client

Severe right upper quadrant

The client has gallstones obstructing the bile duct. What symptoms would the nurse expect to see in this client

Severe right upper quadrant pain

Which groups are at the highest risk of urinary tract infection?

Sexually active women

Incontinence manifested with exertion, such as lifting heavy objects, or by coughing or sneezing is known as which of the following?

Stress incontinence

Which of the following best describes the difference between stress incontinence and urge incontinence?

Stress incontinence is caused by pelvic floor muscles problem whereas urge incontinence is caused by a problem with detrusor muscles

The student nurse has a question from a client regarding syphilis. The client asks, "how does syphilis present in the tertiary stage of the disease?" How should the student respond nurse respond?

Syphilis can lead to systemic vascular damage in the tertiary stage of the disease.

Which of the following is the name of a medical emergency associated with hyperthyroidism which the client has a decreased level of consciousness and abdominal pain?

Thyroid storm

Which of the following is the name of the medical emergency with hyperthyroidism, in which the client experiences decreased levels of consciousness and abdominal pain?

Thyroid storm

Which of the following are risk factors for hypertension (HTN)

Tobacco use

Which of the following is incorrect regarding incontinence?

Urge incontinence is a normal part of aging

Which of the following would be include in the education of a client to help prevent recurrent cystitis (select all that apply)?

Urinating before and after sexual intercourse, increasing fluid intake, correct perineal cleansing after bowel movement and taking prescribe antibiotics

The nurse is aware that the production of aldosterone is regulated by which of the following glands

adrenal glands

Which information is correct regarding chlamydia and gonorrhea

both gonorrhea and chlamydia affect columnar epithelium cells

Which is the correct term for the prolapse of a portion of the bladder into the vaginal canal

cystocele

Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for nephrolithiasis?

dehydration

Which of the following clinical manifestation are associated with acute gastrititis

epigastric pain

Appropriate management of end-stage renal disease includes which of the following?

erythropoietin administration

Which of the following is a sign that a client is in the diuretic phase of acute renal

increase urine output?

What causes diabetes insipidus in

insufficient antidiuretic hormone (ADH) production

In perimenopausal women, dysfunctional uterine bleeding is commonly associated with which of the following

irregular estrogen production

Which of the following are signs of oliguric phase of acute kidney injury (AKI) select all that apply

metabolic acidosis, electrolyte imbalance, fluid colume excess, azotemia

What would the nurse expect to see in a client who has chronic bleeding form gastric ulcers?

occult blood in the stool.

Which of the following signs is the most indictive of hypothyroidism?

pulse rate of 50beats/min

Signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus include all of the following except which

swollen ankles

A client has been diagnosed with hypospadias, which finding will the nurse observe upon assessment

urinary meatus on the ventral undersurface of the penis

Which of the following are symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

weak stream,nocturia, and difficulty initiating stream


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