PEDIA V (40 Items)

A. Decreases edema.

A beneficial effect of administering digoxin (Lanoxin) is that it: A. Decreases edema. B. Decreases cardiac output. C. Increases heart size. D. Increases venous pressure.

C. Developmental level of the child

What is the single most important factor to consider when communicating with children? A. The child's physical condition B. Presence or absence of the child's parent C. Developmental level of the child D. Nonverbal behaviors of the child

C. Atrial septal defect

Which of the following defects results in increased pulmonary blood flow? A. Pulmonic stenosis B. Tricuspid atresia C. Atrial septal defect D. Transposition of the great arteries

C. Diplopia, blurred vision

Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of increased intracranial pressure in children? A. Low-pitched cry B. Sunken fontanel C. Diplopia, blurred vision D. Increased blood pressure

B. Sickle cell anemia

Which of the following is a condition in which the normal adult hemoglobin is partly or completely replaced by abnormal hemoglobin? A. Aplastic anemia B. Sickle cell anemia C. Thalassemia major D. Iron-deficiency anemia

C. It permits the neonate to maintain a normal core temperature with minimal oxygen consumption.

Why is a neutral thermal environment essential for the high-risk neonate? A. Metabolism slows dramatically in the neonate experiencing cold stress. B. The neonate produces heat by increasing activity and shivering. C. It permits the neonate to maintain a normal core temperature with minimal oxygen consumption. D. It permits the neonate to maintain a normal core temperature with increased caloric consumption.

A. This is normal behavior for a school-age child.

A 10-year-old girl needs to have another IV started. She keeps telling the nurse, "Wait a minute," and, "I'm not ready." The nurse should recognize that: A. This is normal behavior for a school-age child. B. This behavior is usually not seen past the preschool years. C. The child thinks the nurse is punishing her. D. The child has successfully manipulated the nurse in the past.

A. Prevent infection.

A hospitalized child with nephrosis is receiving high doses of prednisone. Which of the following is an appropriate nursing goal related to this? A. Prevent infection. B. Stimulate appetite. C. Detect evidence of edema. D. Ensure compliance with prophylactic antibiotic therapy.

D. Urine output will increase.

A mother asks the nurse what would be the first indication that acute glomerulonephritis is improving. The nurse's best response would be which of the following? A. Blood pressure will stabilize. B. Child will have more energy. C. Urine will be free of protein. D. Urine output will increase

B. Encourage and assist mother to breast-feed.

A mother who intended to breast-feed has given birth to an infant with a cleft palate. Nursing interventions should include which of the following? A. Give medication to suppress lactation. B. Encourage and assist mother to breast-feed. C. Teach mother to feed breast milk by gavage. D. Recommend use of a breast pump to maintain lactation until infant can suck.

B. Potassium

As part of the treatment for congestive heart failure, the child takes the diuretic furosemide. As part of teaching home care, the nurse encourages the family to give the child foods such as bananas, oranges, and leafy vegetables. These foods are recommended for this child because they are high in which of the following? A. Chlorides B. Potassium C. Sodium D. Vitamins

B. Complete obstruction

The nurse is assessing a child with croup. Examining the child's throat by using a tongue depressor might precipitate which of the following? A. Inspiratory stridor B. Complete obstruction C. Sore throat D. Respiratory tract infection

A. Introduce self.

The nurse is seeing an adolescent boy and his parents in the clinic for the first time. Which of the following should the nurse do first? A. Introduce self. B. Make family comfortable. C. Explain purpose of interview. D. Give assurance of privacy.

C. Congestive heart failure D. Systemic venous congesti

Which of the following is best described as the inability of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood to the systemic circulation at normal filling pressures? A. Pulmonary congestion B. Congenital heart defect C. Congestive heart failure D. Systemic venous congestion

C. X-linked recessive inherited disorder in which a blood-clotting factor is deficient

Which of the following is descriptive of most cases of hemophilia? A. Autosomal dominant disorder causing deficiency in a factor involved in the blood-clotting reaction B. X-linked recessive inherited disorder causing deficiency of platelets and prolonged bleeding C. X-linked recessive inherited disorder in which a blood-clotting factor is deficient D. Y-linked recessive inherited disorder in which the red blood cells become moon-shaped

A. Jaundice

Which of the following is the earliest clinical manifestation of biliary atresia? A. Jaundice B. Vomiting C. Hepatomegaly D. Absence of stooling

B. Fear of altered body image

Which of the following is usually the greatest threat to the hospitalized adolescent? A. Fear of pain B. Fear of altered body image C. Separation from home and family D. Restricted motor activity

C. Skeletal proportions are normal for age.

Which of the following statements best describes hypopituitarism? A. Growth is normal during the first 3 years of life. B. Weight is usually more retarded than height. C. Skeletal proportions are normal for age. D. Most of these children have subnormal intelligence.

A. Pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy

Which of the following structural defects constitute tetralogy of Fallot? A. Pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy B. Aortic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy C. Aortic stenosis, atrial septal defect, overriding aorta, left ventricular hypertrophy D. Pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, aortic hypertrophy, left ventricular hypertrophy

B. Premature

Which of the following terms refers to an infant born before completion of the week 37 of gestation, regardless of birth weight? A. Postterm B. Premature C. Low-birth-weight D. Small-for-gestational-age

B. Epiglottitis

Which of the following types of croup is always considered a medical emergency? A. Laryngitis B. Epiglottitis C. Spasmodic croup D. Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)

B. Encourage her to express her feelings.

A newborn was admitted to the nursery with a complete bilateral cleft lip and palate. The physician explained the plan of therapy and its expected good results. However, the mother refuses to see or hold her baby. Initial therapeutic approach to the mother should be which of the following? A. Restate what the physician has told her about plastic surgery. B. Encourage her to express her feelings. C. Emphasize the normalcy of her baby and the baby's need for mothering. D. Recognize that negative feelings toward the child continue throughout childhood

A. Apply ice.

A young girl has just injured her ankle at school. In addition to calling the child's parents, the most appropriate, immediate action by the school nurse is which of the following? A. Apply ice. B. Observe for edema and discoloration. C. Encourage child to assume a position of comfort. D. Obtain parental permission for administration of acetaminophen or aspirin.

B. 70

An 8-year-old child is receiving digoxin (Lanoxin). The nurse should notify the practitioner and withhold the medication if the apical pulse is less than which of the following? A. 60 B. 70 C. 90 D. 100

C. Monitor fluid intake and output carefully to avoid fluid overload and cerebral edema

An appropriate nursing intervention when caring for an unconscious child would be which of the following? A. Change the child's position infrequently to minimize the chance of increased ICP. B. Avoid using narcotics/sedatives to provide comfort and pain relief. C. Monitor fluid intake and output carefully to avoid fluid overload and cerebral edema. D. Give tepid sponge baths to reduce fever, because antipyretics are contraindicated.

C. He may be experiencing detachment, which is the third stage of separation anxiety.

During the first 4 days of hospitalization, Eric, age 18 months, cried inconsolably when his parents left him, and he refused the staff's attention. Now the nurse observes that Eric appears to "settle in" and be unconcerned about seeing his parents. The nurse should interpret this as which of the following? A. He has successfully adjusted to the hospital environment. B. He has transferred his trust to the nursing staff. C. He may be experiencing detachment, which is the third stage of separation anxiety. D. Because he is "at home" in the hospital now, seeing his mother frequently will only start the cycle again.

B. Hyperthyroidism

Exophthalmos (protruding eyeballs) may occur in children with which of the following conditions? A. Hypothyroidism B. Hyperthyroidism C. Hypoparathyroidism D. Hyperparathyroidism

B. Adjustment to extrauterine life is adequate

The Apgar score of a neonate 5 minutes after birth is 8. Which of the following is the nurse's best interpretation of this? A. Resuscitation is likely to be needed. B. Adjustment to extrauterine life is adequate. C. Additional scoring in 5 more minutes is needed. D. Maternal sedation or analgesia contributed to low score.

C. Inefficient function of eustachian tubes and improper middle ear drainage

The association of cleft palate with otitis media is primarily due to which of the following? A. Plugging of the eustachian tube with food particles B. Lowered resistance because of poor nutritional status C. Inefficient function of eustachian tubes and improper middle ear drainage D. Coexisting defects of middle ear and eustachian tube

B. Salt restriction.

The diet of a child with nephrosis usually includes: A. High protein. B. Salt restriction. C. Low fat. D. High carbohydrate.

B. Preschooler

The feeling of guilt that the child "caused" the disability or illness is especially critical in which of the following children? A. Toddler B. Preschooler C. School-age child D. Adolescent

D. Vaccination to prevent Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis has decreased the frequency of this disease in children.

The mother of a 1-month-old infant tells the nurse she worries that her baby will get meningitis like her oldest son had when he was an infant. The nurse should base her response on which of the following? A. Meningitis rarely occurs during infancy. B. Often a genetic predisposition to meningitis is found. C. Vaccination to prevent all types of meningitis is now available. D. Vaccination to prevent Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis has decreased the frequency of this disease in children.

B. "The scan will not hurt."

The nurse is preparing a school-age child for computed tomography (CT scan) to assess cerebral function. The nurse should include which of the following statements in preparing the child? A. "Pain medication will be given." B. "The scan will not hurt." C. "You will be able to move once the equipment is in place." D. "Unfortunately no one can remain in the room with you during the test."

C. Peripheral edema

Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of the systemic venous congestion that can occur with congestive heart failure? A. Tachypnea B. Tachycardia C. Peripheral edema

A. Initiate a game of peek-a-boo.

The nurse must assess 10-month-old Chad. He is sitting on his father's lap and appears to be afraid of the nurse and of what might happen next. Which of the following initial actions by the nurse would be most appropriate? A. Initiate a game of peek-a-boo. B. Ask father to place Chad on the exam table. C. Undress Chad while he is still sitting on his father's lap. D. Talk softly to Chad while taking him from his father.

D. Confusion or abnormal behavior

The nurse should recommend medical attention if a child with a slight head injury experiences which of the following? A. Sleepiness B. Vomiting, even once C. Headache, even if slight D. Confusion or abnormal behavior

A. Polyarthritis

Which of the following is a major clinical manifestation of rheumatic fever? A. Polyarthritis B. Osler nodes C. Janeway spots D. Splinter hemorrhages of distal third of nails

C. Water and sodium retention

Which of the following is a major complication in a child with chronic renal failure? A. Hypokalemia B. Metabolic alkalosis C. Water and sodium retention D. Excessive excretion of blood urea nitrogen

D. Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of blood

Which of the following is an accurate description of anemia? A. Increased blood viscosity B. Depressed hematopoietic system C. Presence of abnormal hemoglobin D. Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of blood

C. Remove adhesives with warm water or mineral oil.

Which of the following is an important nursing action related to the use of tape and/or adhesives on premature neonates? A. Avoid using tape and adhesives until skin is more mature. B. Use solvents to remove tape and adhesives instead of pulling on skin. C. Remove adhesives with warm water or mineral oil. D. Use scissors carefully to remove tape instead of pulling tape off.