Pediatrics Quiz Questions: GI/GU/Renal

The nurse is caring for a boy with probable intussusception. He had diarrhea before admission but, while waiting for administration of air pressure to reduce the intussusception, he passes a normal brown stool. Which nursing action is the most appropriate? Select one: a. Measure abdominal girth b. Take vital signs, including blood pressure c. Auscultate for bowel sounds d. Notify practitioner

Notify practitioner

Which therapeutic management should the nurse prepare to initiate first for a child with acute diarrhea and moderate dehydration? Select one: a. Antidiarrheal medications such as Immodium b. Clear liquids c. Oral rehydration solution (ORS) d. BRAT diet

Oral rehydration solution (ORS)

What is an advantage of peritoneal dialysis? Select one: a. Dietary limitations are not necessary. b. Protein loss is less extensive. c. Parents and older children can perform treatments. d. Treatments are done in hospitals.

Parents and older children can perform treatments.

The nurse notes that a child has lost 8 pounds after 4 days of hospitalization for acute glomerulonephritis. What is most likely the cause of the weight loss? Select one: a. Reduction of edema b. Increased potassium intake c. Restriction to bed rest d. Poor appetite

Reduction of edema

Which pathogen is the viral pathogen that most frequently causes acute diarrhea in young children? Select one: a. Salmonella b. Rotavirus c. Giardia d. Shigella

Rotavirus

The nurse is teaching parents about prevention of urinary tract infections in children. Which factor predisposes the urinary tract to infection? Select one: a. Increased fluid intake b. Prostatic secretions in males c. Frequent emptying of the bladder d. Short urethra in young girls

Short urethra in young girls

The nurse is admitting a newborn with hypospadias to the nursery. The nurse expects which finding in this newborn? Select one: a. The urethral opening is along the ventral surface of the penis. b. Penis appears shorter than usual for age. c. Absence of a urethral opening is noted. d. The urethral opening is along the dorsal surface of the penis.

The urethral opening is along the ventral surface of the penis.

Which is a major complication in a child with chronic renal failure? Select one: a. Excessive excretion of blood urea nitrogen b. Water and sodium retention c. Hypokalemia d. Metabolic alkalosis

Water and sodium retention

What is the best description of pyloric stenosis? Select one: a. Reduction of tone in the pyloric muscle b. Hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle c. Hypotonicity of the pyloric muscle d. Dilation of the pylorus

Hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle

A nurse is explaining the administration of corticosteroid medications to a patient with nephrotic syndrome. Which is a common side effect of short-term corticosteroid therapy? Select one: a. Fever b. Hypertension c. Weight loss d. Increased appetite

Increased appetite

Parents call the clinic and report that their toddler has had acute diarrhea for 24 hours. The nurse should further ask the parents if the toddler has which associated factor that is causing the acute diarrhea? Select one: a. Celiac disease b. Protein malnutrition c. Immunodeficiency d. Antibiotic therapy

Antibiotic therapy

A nurse is admitting a child with Crohn disease. Parents ask the nurse, "How is this disease different from ulcerative colitis?" Which statement should the nurse make when answering this question? Select one: a. "There is no difference between the two diseases." b. "With Crohn disease the inflammatory process involves the whole GI tract." c. "Ulcerative colitis is characterized by skip lesions." d. "The inflammation with Crohn disease is limited to the colon and rectum."

"With Crohn disease the inflammatory process involves the whole GI tract."

The nurse is caring for an infant whose cleft lip was repaired. What important aspects of this infant's postoperative care should be included? Select one: a. Arm restraints, postural drainage, mouth irrigations b. Cleansing the suture line, supine and side-lying positions, arm restraints c. Mouth irrigations, prone position, cleansing the suture line d. Supine and side-lying positions, postural drainage, arm restraints

Cleansing the suture line, supine and side-lying positions, arm restraints

Which type of dehydration is defined as "dehydration that occurs in conditions in which electrolyte and water deficits are present in approximately balanced proportion"? Select one: a. Isotonic dehydration b. Hypotonic dehydration c. All types of dehydration in infants and small children d. Hypertonic dehydration

Isotonic dehydration

Which is a high-fiber food that the nurse should recommend for a child with chronic constipation? Select one: a. Raisins b. Orange Juice c. Pancakes d. Ripe bananas

Raisins

Which therapeutic management treatment is implemented for children with Hirschsprung disease? Select one: a. Surgical removal of affected section of bowel b. Low-fiber diet c. Permanent colostomy d. Daily enemas

Surgical removal of affected section of bowel