Peds: PrepU Ch. 6
The nurse is educating the parents of a 10-year-old girl in ways to help their child avoid tobacco. Which suggestion should be part of the nurse's advice? -"Keep your cigarettes where she can't get to them." -"Always go outside when you have a cigarette." -"Tell her only losers smoke and chew tobacco." -"As parents, you need to be good role models."
"As parents, you need to be good role models." The nurse would recommend that the parents be good role models and quit smoking. Locking up or hiding your cigarettes and going outside to smoke is not as effective as having a tobacco-free environment in the home.
The mother of a 7-year-old girl is asking the nurse's advice about getting her daughter a 2-wheel bike. Which response by the nurse is most important? -"Teach her where she'll land on the grass if she falls." -"Be sure to get the proper size bike." -"She won't need a helmet if she has training wheels." -"Learning to ride the bike will improve her coordination."
"Be sure to get the proper size bike." It is very important to get a bike of the proper size for the child. Getting a bike that the child can "grow into" is dangerous. Training wheels and grass to fall on are not acceptable substitutes for the proper protective gear. The child should already demonstrate good coordination in other playing skills before attempting to ride a bike.
The parents of an 8-year-old boy report their son is being bullied and teased by a group of boys in the neighborhood. Which response by the nurse is best? -"Perhaps teaching your son self-defense courses will help him to have a greater sense of control and safety." -"Bullying can have lifelong effects on the self-esteem of a child." -"Fortunately the scars of being picked on will fade as your son grows up." -"Your son is at high risk for bullying other children as a result of this situation."
"Bullying can have lifelong effects on the self-esteem of a child." The child can be permanently scarred by negative experiences such a bullying. Activities such as self-defense and sports can promote a sense of accomplishment but don't relate directly to the problem of bullying. There is no indication the child in the scenario will become a bully.
The mother of a 6-year-old is asking the nurse how to handle the child's lying and fabricated stories when confronted with questionable actions. Which response would be most appropriate by the nurse? -"Your child could be in serious trouble in school if he continues to tell lies." -"The child should have privileges taken away for several days each time he tells a lie." -"Is there any possibility he is telling the truth and you just don't know it is the truth?" -"Children this age sometimes can't distinguish between fantasy and reality."
"Children this age sometimes can't distinguish between fantasy and reality." Children in the age group 6 to 7 years often engage in magical thinking. They may still believe in the tooth fairy, Santa Claus, monsters under the bed, and other imaginary characters. These keen imaginations may also conjure up fears—especially at night—about remote, fanciful, or imaginary events. If a child of this age has trouble distinguishing fantasy from reality, it may incline them to lie to escape punishment or to boost self-confidence. The other choices do not consider this child's stage of development or give the mother the most appropriate information for the situation.
The nurse is presenting information about school-aged children at a community event. Which statement should the nurse prioritize for further teaching and providing more information? -"Sometimes we have to be firm, but our children wash their hands before eating." "I make sure they have good teeth by giving them calcium and phosphorus." -"Food is so expensive, we always make our children eat everything on their plates." -"Even if the weather is cool and cloudy, our children play outside every day."
"Food is so expensive, we always make our children eat everything on their plates." Obesity can be an issue in the school-aged child, especially if they are urged to clean their plates even if they have more food than they want or need on the plate. The parents should be encouraged to use smaller plates for the children so they will still appear to have a full plate but smaller portions. Firm guidance and direction is important with the school-aged child. Calcium and phosphorus are important to healthy teeth. Exercise each day is important, especially outdoor exercise.
During a routine wellness examination, the nurse is trying to determine how well a 5-year-old boy communicates and comprehends instructions. What is the best specific trigger question to determine the preschooler's linguistic and cognitive progress? -"Does your son speak in complete sentences all the time?" -"How well does your son communicate or follow instructions?" -"Is your son's speech clear enough that anyone can understand it?" -"Would you say your son has a vocabulary of about 900 words?"
"How well does your son communicate or follow instructions?" Asking how well the boy communicates and follows instructions is the best trigger question because it is open-ended. Asking if the child uses complete sentences or speaks clearly will elicit a yes or no answer about only those specific areas of development. The parents would have no way of judging the size of their child's vocabulary.
The nurse is taking a health history for a 12-year-old boy who is seriously overweight. Which general question would the nurse direct to the child's parents? -"Is there a family history of hypertension, heart disease, or diabetes?" -"Is breakfast eaten regularly?" -"What beverages are preferred?" -"How important is exercise?"
"Is there a family history of hypertension, heart disease, or diabetes?" Parents would be more knowledgeable than the child regarding health problems within the family. The other questions are appropriate for the child to answer and may motivate him to think about meal patterns, diet, and exercise habits. The parents will benefit from listening to these questions also since their habits influence the child.
The school nurse has completed an educational program for parents at a local elementary school. Which statement by a parent would indicate the need for further education? -"It's okay for my 10-year-old to sit in the front seat of the car since he doesn't need a booster seat anymore." -"My son should wear his helmet whenever he rides his bicycle. " -"I will teach my 8-year-old to watch for cars backing up in parking lots." -"I need to get childproof locks fixed on the back doors of my car."
"It's okay for my 10-year-old to sit in the front seat of the car since he doesn't need a booster seat anymore." Children under 12 should ride in the back seat of the car, even if they do not need a booster seat. Wearing helmets when riding, watching for cars backing up in parking lots, and using childproof locks on back doors in cars are all correct statements.
The parents of a 10-year-old tell the clinic nurse that they are concerned because they noticed that their child has gained about 10 pounds over the past 2 years. What is the best response by the nurse? -"Your child doesn't seem to be overweight, so it isn't a concern." -"We see most children of this age in our clinic gaining similar amounts." -"Normal growth and development for this age results in an average weight gain of 7 pounds per year." -"I understand why you are concerned. Is your child sedentary quite a bit? Encouraging activity may limit weight gain."
"Normal growth and development for this age results in an average weight gain of 7 pounds per year." Children of school-age grow an average of 2.5 inches (6 to 7 centimeters) per year and gain an average of 7 pounds per year; therefore, the 10 pounds over 2 years is normal and it is important for the parents to know this, regardless if they are not overweight. Simply comparing them to other children seen in the clinic doesn't mean it is a normal expectation. While activity is important, the nurse must first address the parent's concern.
The nurse is teaching a group of caregivers of school-age children about the importance of setting a consistent bedtime for the school-age child. Which statement made by a caregiver indicates an understanding of the sleep patterns and needs of the school-age child? -"My child sleeps between 11 and 12 hours a night." -"My child stays up late when the child takes a nap after school." -"My child does not even know when he or she is tired." -"My teenage child does not sleep as much as my 9-year-old child does."
"My child sleeps between 11 and 12 hours a night." Sleep for the school-age child varies with the age of the child. A child between the ages 6 to 8 years needs 12 hours of sleep each night. The child between the ages of 8 to 10 years needs 10 to 12 hours of sleep each night. The 10 to 12 year old needs 9 to 10 hours of sleep each night. Staying up late after taking an after-school nap, not knowing when the child is tired, and sleeping more than a teenager when compared with a school-age child refer to sleep behaviors and needs of children of younger and older ages.
The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old child. During the course of a routine wellness examination, the parent proudly reports that the child eats whatever the parent puts on the plate. The nurse wants to emphasize the importance of allowing the child to make some choices regarding the types of foods eaten. How should the nurse communicate this to the parent? -"Now is the time to let your child choose some of the meals." -"You must let your child make some choices for oneself." -"You need to make sure your child has input regarding the food eaten." -"I want you to give your child choices about the food eaten."
"Now is the time to let your child choose some of the meals." Diet preferences are established in the preschool years and continue to develop as the child ages. The diet is influenced by family, peers, and media. Because of these influences and the child striving for independence, it is important to involve the child in helping select the food choices and guiding the child to healthy food choices. With parents, as well as children, it is more effective and less a matter of personal opinion to say "now is the time" rather than "you need," "I want you to," or "you must" do something. The nurse can emphasize the importance of the child participating in meal selection while encouraging the child's independence in a gentle manner.
The parents of a 10-year-old boy report they are having problems with their son. The child's mother reports her son is not a talented athlete but her husband continues to encourage him to play and try to excel. The child's father reports sports will help his son build character. What response by the nurse is most appropriate? -"Encouraging involvement in sports can build valuable skills for a child." -"Although your son is not a talented athlete, continue to encourage him to try." -"Perhaps another pursuit would be better suited for your son." -"It is important not to let him quit without trying."
"Perhaps another pursuit would be better suited for your son." Children should be encouraged to try new things but, when they are faced with things they are not good at, the pressures can ultimately be counterproductive if they feel they are disappointing their parents or others of importance to them.
The parents of an 8-year-old girl with a slow-to-warm temperament are concerned about their daughter's reaction when she visits the dentist for the first time after having a cavity filled at the last visit. How should the nurse respond? -"Remind your daughter of the importance of proper oral hygiene." -"Tell your daughter that it is just like going to see the pediatrician." -"Remind her in simple terms what will happen in the dentist's office." -"Wait to tell her about the visit until just before the appointment."
"Remind her in simple terms what will happen in the dentist's office." Due to the girl's temperament, it is best if the parent's talk to the dentist before the first visit to find out exactly what the dentist will be doing and then describe to the child in simple terms what will occur. Reminding the child about the importance of proper oral hygiene is unhelpful. Telling the child that the dental checkup is just like going to see the pediatrician is untrue. It is inappropriate to advise the parents to not prepare the girl in advance.
During an annual visit of a 6-year-old boy, the nurse observes dental caries on two of the child's primary teeth. Which response by the parents suggests more education is needed regarding the importance of primary teeth? -"These are only his baby teeth so we are not worried." -"I guess we better look for a pediatric dentist for our son." -"I guess we will need to supervise our son while he brushes." -"I see now we need to use a fluoride toothpaste for our child."
"These are only his baby teeth so we are not worried." Parents need to understand the value of the primary teeth and not see them only as temporary and soon-to-be replaced. Referral to a pediatric dentist and parental supervision of tooth brushing both lead to dental health and may be better appreciated once parents understand the importance of the primary teeth. Fluoride supplementation is not necessary if fluoride is part of the local water supply.
The nurse is preparing to catheterize an 11-year-old child. The nurse correctly recognizes the child's approximate bladder capacity is what amount? -12 ounces -13 ounces -15 ounces -20 ounces
13 ounces The formula for bladder capacity is age in years plus 2 ounces. If a child is 11 years of age, this would be approximately 13 ounces.
A mother brings her 8-year-old daughter into the doctor's office because over the past year her tonsils have increased in size to the point that the mother is concerned that her breathing will be obstructed. The girl has no pain, fever or other symptoms. Following this data collection, which instruction is best? -"This may be normal growth of lymphatic tissue for this age." -"With the increase in tissue size, tonsillitis is suspected." -"A pituitary disorder may be the cause. Blood work may be indicated." -"An allergic reaction is often the cause. What type of allergies does she have?"
"This may be normal growth of lymphatic tissue for this age." The immunoglobulins IgG and IgA each reach adult levels during the school-age period; lymphatic tissue continues to grow in size until about age 9. The resulting abundance of tonsillar and adenoid tissue in schoolchildren is often mistaken for disease as the tonsils seem to fill the entire back of the throat. The fact that there are no other symptoms indicates that this child's enlarged tonsils are simply a result of the normal growth of lymphatic tissue for this age.
The parents of a 9-year-old child voice concern that their daughter seems to be gaining weight rapidly. The nurse reviews the medical record and notes the child has increased his weight by 6 or 7 pounds (2.7 to 3.2 kg) per year for the past 2 years. What response by the nurse is indicated? -"Your child does seem to be rapidly gaining weight." -"Children in this age range on average gain about 5 pounds per year." -"Weight gains of about 7 pounds per year are normal for children in this age range." -"On the contrary, your child's annual weight gain is somewhat low for this age."
"Weight gains of about 7 pounds per year are normal for children in this age range." Children who are between the ages of 6 to 12 years usually gain about 7 pounds per year. The child in the scenario is gaining weight an the normal rate.
A 7-year-old child has taken money from the sibling's dresser on two occasions. When counseling the parent mother about this behavior, what would the nurse advise? -"You may need to remind your child about property rights." -"You should buy your other child a bank that cannot be opened." -"Stealing is unusual for a 7-year-old child." -You should talk to the child's teacher about putting less pressure on your child."
"You may need to remind your child about property rights." Antisocial behaviors develop during the school-age years. Between the ages of 6 and 8 years, the child has difficulty understanding the concept of ownership and property rights. At this age, children often take things because they like the look of an item. By age 9, children learn to respect other's possessions and property. Buying a more secure bank may keep the child from taking the money, but it does not take into consideration the child's developmental level. The behavior is a developmental issue not an emotional issue of having too much pressure.
The school nurse asks a group of school-age children about pedestrian safety. Which comments by the children should the nurse address with either the child or parents of the child? Select all that apply. -"I am 6 years old and I walk my younger brother to the park that is 5 blocks from our house." -"I always remind my sister to look right, then left, then right again before we cross the street." -My friends and I like to walk on the side of the road because our sidewalk is very uneven." -"My mom always says she looks around really well to be sure I'm not playing behind our car before she leaves." -"I think it is funny to hide behind my dad's car before he leaves for work and scare him."
-"I am 6 years old and I walk my younger brother to the park that is 5 blocks from our house." -My friends and I like to walk on the side of the road because our sidewalk is very uneven." -"I think it is funny to hide behind my dad's car before he leaves for work and scare him." Older children and adults should provide supervision of younger children, but 6 years old is not considered an older child, especially for 5 blocks of supervision of a younger sibling. Children should always walk on sidewalks because cars may not see children walking in the streets or be distracted while driving. Children should stay away from vehicles when a vehicle is about to be driven and definitely not behind a vehicle.
The father of a 12-year-old girl reports his daughter does not have high self-esteem. He asks for suggestions to increase her feels of self-worth. What activities would be appropriate for the nurse to suggest? Select all that apply. -Encourage the child to join a club at school. -Recommend she begin to participate in after-school activities. -Provide her with a weekly allowance. -Allow the child to begin staying home alone after school when possible. -Recommend the child investigate opportunities for volunteering at local charities.
-Encourage the child to join a club at school. -Recommend she begin to participate in after-school activities. -Recommend the child investigate opportunities for volunteering at local charities. The child is developing his or her sense of self-worth by becoming involved in multiple activities at home, at school, and in the community, which develops his or her cognitive and social skills. The child is very interested in learning how things are made and work. The school-age child's satisfaction from achieving success in developing new skills leads him to an increased sense of self-worth and level of competence.
The student nurse is preparing a presentation on obesity in children. What information should the student nurse include regarding factors linked to causing obesity? Select all that apply. -Family role modeling -Structured meals -Reduced physical education programs -Unsafe neighborhoods -Lack or reduced amount of recess periods during the school day
-Family role modeling -Reduced physical education programs -Unsafe neighborhoods -Lack or reduced amount of recess periods during the school day Family role modeling, decreased days that school systems offer physical education programs, unsafe neighborhoods, and lack of recess time in school are all factors associated with obesity. Unstructured meals, not structured meals, are another factor associated with obesity.
The parents of a 10-year-old are experiencing problems with their son having fears when faced with new experiences. Which actions by the parents will be beneficial in helping the child effectively manage new experiences? Select all that apply. -The parents should show support to the child by agreeing that these new experiences are indeed scary. -The parents should limit exposing the child to new experiences. -Teach the child relaxation techniques to use when feeling anxious. -Encourage the child to use positive self-talk, such as saying, "I can do this" when faced with new experiences. -The parents should allow the child to avoid situations when they feel anxious.
-Teach the child relaxation techniques to use when feeling anxious. -Encourage the child to use positive self-talk, such as saying, "I can do this" when faced with new experiences. Fears and anxiety to a degree are normal in children. The child should be encouraged to work through his fears. The child would benefit from positive self-talk and utilizing relaxation techniques. The parents should acknowledge fears and anxiety but should avoid catering to them.
A nurse is caring for a hospitalized 7-year-old child whose family members have been unable to visit for 2 days. The nurse is preparing a diversional activity for the child. Which activity would best be suited for a child in this age group? -A paint-by-numbers activity creating a picture -An activity focusing on learning fractions -A card game such as solitaire -A board game such as monopoly
A paint-by-numbers activity creating a picture Between the ages of 6 and 8 years, children begin to enjoy participating in real-life activities, such as helping with gardening, housework, and other chores. They love making things, such as drawings, paintings, and craft projects. The child would need additional instruction to learn fractions, which may not be considered fun. A card game such as solitaire and a board game of monopoly, may be too hard for the 7 year old. In addition, the game of monopoly would require additional players.
An 11-year-old boy is significantly above the 100% percentile for height. The boy tells the school nurse that his parents expect so much out of him when he is playing basketball for the school team that he is thinking of quitting. What action should the nurse take? -Tell the parents that they should stop putting so much pressure on their son just because he is tall. -Remind the boy that being so much taller than the other boys is why others have higher expectations for him. -Arrange a conference with the parents, son, and nurse to discuss the child's concerns. -Encourage the boy to talk to his coach to determine if his parents expectations are realistic.
Arrange a conference with the parents, son, and nurse to discuss the child's concerns. The best action is for the nurse to speak with the parents and the child together to discuss concerns in order to establish open dialogue and possible resolution. During the conference the nurse can point out that physical maturity is not necessarily associated with emotional and social maturity and that the expectations placed on these children are unrealistic and can impact the self-esteem and competence of the child.
A mother tells the nurse she is very concerned because her 7-year-old tattles on the other siblings and it causes much friction among them. How can the nurse best help the mother to understand the underlying problem with tattling? -Children this age have a need to be important. -Children this age have a strong sense of justice. -The child is angry because the siblings will not play. -The child is asking for attention.
Children this age have a strong sense of justice. Seven-year-olds are increasingly aware of family roles and responsibilities. Promises must be kept because 7-year-olds view them as definite, firm commitments. Children this age tattle because they have a strong sense of justice. Depending on the age of the other siblings, this can cause much friction among the children. Tattling does not occur because children are angry or seeking attention. It occurs so that an injustice may be made right.
While observing a group of 9-year-old children at school, the nurse is concerned that one of the children is not cognitively developing according the Piaget's stage of concrete-operational thought processes. With which activity is the nurse concerned? -Does not understand the phrase "slow as molasses" when used by the teacher -Arrives to class late from recess and apologizes to the teacher -Believed that not turning in homework on time was acceptable, but has since decided it is not acceptable -Enjoys math instruction and decides to join the math club
Does not understand the phrase "slow as molasses" when used by the teacher Piaget's stage of cognitive development for the 7- to 11-year-old is the period of concrete-operational thoughts. In developing concrete operations, the child is able to assimilate and coordinate information about his or her world from different dimensions. Abstract thinking, such as understanding the meaning of the phrase "slow as molasses" is expected at this stage of cognitive development.
The school nurse is meeting with a 10-year-boy who is concerned about his weight. He reports he doesn't eat much candy but loves fruit, pasta, potatoes, and bread. Which suggestion should the nurse prioritize to help him maintain a healthy weight? -Encourage portion control at each meal -Change to a very low-fat and no-carbohydrate diet. -Encourage activities that will increase his physical activity. -Encourage the child to not worry about weight until he is older.
Encourage activities that will increase his physical activity. Encouraging daily physical activity and following the dietary standards (such as ChooseMyPlate guidelines) will help the child meet necessary nutritional guidelines. Following popular fad diets or using weight-loss supplements must be avoided because they do not supply adequate nutrients for the growing child. The child is aware of the weight problem, but it would not be beneficial to just ignore it because the child may develop harmful eating habits such as bingeing.
An 8-year-old boy's foster mother is concerned about three recent cavities found in his permanent teeth and reports the child eats a nutritional diet, doesn't eat junk food, and the town water supply is fluoridated. Which suggestion should the nurse prioritize to this mother in regard to the child's dental health? -Encourage the child to abstain from eating sugary snacks at school. -Accept that the child is genetically predisposed to having more cavities than most children. -Ensure that the child brushes his teeth after each meal and snacks. -Have the child's teeth professionally cleaned every 3 months.
Ensure that the child brushes his teeth after each meal and snacks. Proper dental hygiene includes a routine inspection and conscientious brushing after meals. A well-balanced diet with plenty of calcium and phosphorus and minimal sugar is important to healthy teeth. Foods containing sugar should be eaten only at mealtimes and should be followed immediately by proper brushing. The school-aged child should visit the dentist at least twice a year for a cleaning and application of fluoride.
An 8-year-old boy who says he wants to be a doctor when he grows up pleads with the nurse to let him put on his own band-aid after receiving an injection. The nurse agrees and watches as the boy very carefully lines the band-aid up with the mark left by the injection and applies it to his skin. Then he asks, "Did I do it right?" and waits eagerly for the nurse's feedback. The nurse recognizes in this situation the boy's attempt to master the primary developmental step of school age. What is that step? -Industry -Perfectionism -Accommodation -Conservation
Industry During the early school years, children attempt to master their new developmental step: learning a sense of industry or accomplishment. Accommodation is the ability to adapt thought processes to fit what is perceived, such as understanding there can be more than one reason for other people's actions. Conservation is the ability to appreciate that a change in shape does not necessarily mean a change in size. Perfectionism is the desire to do something perfectly. The boy's desire to apply the band-aid "the right way" is a hallmark of the development of industry. The other answers are not as pertinent.
A mother states that her 6-year-old has starting biting nails and regressing to baby talk since beginning school. What instructions are best for the nurse to give the mother regarding this behavior? -Make time each day to spend with the child individually. -Apply a nail biting product to the nails to deter biting. -Get a description of the classroom behavior from the teacher. -Remind the child to stop each time the behavior is witnessed.
Make time each day to spend with the child individually. Many first graders are capable of mature action at school but appear less mature when they return home. They may bite their fingernails, suck their thumb, or talk baby talk. Scolding, nagging, threatening, or punishing does not stop the problem and can actually make them worse. Methods such as bad-flavored nail polish or restraining the child's hands make the problems worse. These behaviors stop when the underlying stress is discovered and alleviated. Parents should be urged to spend time with the child after school or in the evening so the child continues to feel secure in the family and does not feel pushed out by being sent to school.
The nursing instructor is leading a discussion on school-aged children. The instructor determines the session is successful when the students correctly choose which factor as being a priority for the school-aged child? -Needs 10 to 12 hours of sleep per night -Should brush their teeth at bedtime -Have a routine physical exam every 6 months -Be screened for scoliosis once a year
Needs 10 to 12 hours of sleep per night The school-aged child needs 10 to 12 hours of sleep per night. They need to brush their teeth after every meal and at bedtime. A routine physical exam once a year is all that is necessary. Children are screened around the age of 10 or 11 for scoliosis.
A nurse is caring for a hospitalized 10-year-old child. What would be an appropriate activity for this child to meet the developmental tasks of this age group? -Participating in a craft project -Playing with a jack-in-the-box -Playing with blocks -Writing letters to friends
Participating in a craft project During this stage, the child is interested in how things are made and run. The child learns to manipulate concrete objects. The child likes engaging in meaningful projects and seeing them through to completion. Playing jack-in-the-box and blocks are for much younger children. If anything, the child would be texting back and forth with friends, not writing a letter.
The nurse is talking with a school-aged child about her interests. In which interest do most school-aged children place the most focus? -School -Family -Church -Pets
School The school-age child typically values school attendance and school activities. During school-age, the focus expands from family to teachers, peers, and other outside influences.
The school nurse is reviewing the chart of a 12-year-old student who has had excessive absences due respiratory infections. What is the best action by the nurse? -Ask the child if he really has had respiratory infections during these absences -Speak with the parents about the unusual increased number of respiratory infections -Continue to monitor the child's absences -Discuss with the child's teacher to determine if the number of absences has effected academic performance
Speak with the parents about the unusual increased number of respiratory infections In the school-age child the respiratory system continues to mature with the development of the lungs and alveoli, resulting in fewer respiratory infections. Because the child is absent excessively for respiratory infections the nurse should speak with the parents to aid in determining if there is an underlying cause, or suggest the child visits the pediatrician to discuss the issue.
The nurse has taken a health history and performed a physical exam for a 12-year-old boy. Which finding is the most likely? -The child's body fat has decreased since last year. -The child has different diet preferences than his parents. -The child has a leaner body mass than a girl at this age. -The child described a somewhat reduced appetite.
The child has a leaner body mass than a girl at this age. The nurse would have found that the child still has a leaner body mass than girls at this age. Both boys and girls increase body fat at this age. Food preferences will be highly influenced by those of her parents. Although caloric intake may diminish; appetite will increase.
A parent tells the nurse that the 6-year-old child has been biting the fingernails since beginning first grade. After analysis, the cause is determined to be increased stress. What advice would the nurse give the parent regarding this behavior? -encourage the child to drink more milk for stronger nails -distract the child by teaching a new skill, such as whistling -allow some time every day for the child to talk about new experiences -allow the child to choose a reward for not biting the nails
allow some time every day for the child to talk about new experiences The developmental task of the school-age child is industry. They are busy learning, achieving and exploring. With school comes separation from the parents, new people, new activities. Beginning school can be a time of extreme stress for children. Biting the nails can be a symptom that something is concerning the child. Spending time with the child and allowing the child time to discuss these new experiences of school helps the child to put experiences in perspective and begin to deal with them. Allowing the child a reward for not biting the nails does not address the underlying issue of why the child is biting the nails in the first place. The underlying issue is emotionally based, so adding milk or providing a distraction will not correct the problem.
A group of 10-year-old girls have formed a "girls only" club. It is only open to girls who still like to play with dolls. How should this behavior be interpreted? -poor peer relationships -encouragement for bullying and sexism -appropriate social development -immaturity for this age group
appropriate social development Nine-year-olds take the values of their peer group seriously. They are interested in being with peers of like mind and activities. Clubs are formed with specific exclusions of peers. Such clubs typically have a secret password and secret meeting place. Membership is generally all girls or all boys. These groups are not based on the immaturity of the children nor do they encourage sexism and bullying.
The developmental task of the school-aged period, according to Erikson, is gaining a sense of: -autonomy versus shame. -independence versus dependence. -industry versus inferiority. -identity versus failure.
industry versus inferiority. The school-age years, according to Erickson, are the stage of industry versus inferiority. The developmental stage helps increase the child's sense of self worth. Industry is associated with the child's increased interest in knowledge and the development of social skills. Autonomy versus shame is the developmental tasks of 1 to 3 year old children. Erickson's stages do not include the developmental tasks of independence versus dependence nor identity versus failure.
The family who are vegetarian voice concern that their child is not growing well. The nurse should suggest which food to increase the calcium intake for adequate bone growth? -oatmeal -kale -quinoa -sweet potato
kale The consumption of adequate protein and calcium is important for muscle, bone, and dental development. Foods highest in calcium are green leafy vegetables, enriched breads, and cereals. Soybeans, legumes, grains, and immature seeds are high in protein. Oatmeal and quinoa are both high in protein. Sweet potatoes are high in fiber, vitamin A, and potassium.
A mother tells the nurse she is having difficulty getting her 6-year-old to do chores. Based on the child's developmental level, what activity would be best for the nurse to recommend to the mother? -vacuuming -putting books on shelf -raking leaves -folding clothes
putting books on shelf School age children need rewards for their accomplishments. Small chores which can be completed quickly give this type of reward. Children can survey their finished work and see they have done a good job. Picking up toys or putting books on the shelf offers a reward because children can clearly see the result of their work. Vacuuming is a chore children do not necessarily like because once finished the rug looks the same before they started. There is no reward for the process. Raking leaves serves as only a temporary reward because even though the child can see the result of the leaves in a pile the leaves still need to be bagged or disposed. Folding clothes also offers small reward because for many 6-year-olds larger pieces of clothing can be too cumbersome to fold correctly and they are not rewarded as the clothes still need to be put away.