Peds test 3

A school-age child with diarrhea has been rehydrated. The nurse is discussing the child's diet with the family. Which of the following statement by the parent would indicate a correct understanding of the teaching?

"I should have my child eat a normal diet with easily digested foods for the next 48 hours."

The nurse is caring for an infant whose cleft lip was repaired. Important aspects of this infant's postoperative care include which of the following?

Cleansing suture line, supine and side-lying positions, arm restraints

Nursing care of the newborn with oral candidiasis (thrush) includes which of the following?

Continue medication for prescribed number of days.

An infant is brought to the emergency department with poor skin turgor, weight loss, lethargy, and tachycardia. This is suggestive of which of the following?

Dehydration

A mother who intended to breastfeed has given birth to an infant with a cleft palate. Nursing interventions should include which of the following?

Encourage and help mother to breastfeed.

A newborn was admitted to the nursery with a complete bilateral cleft lip and palate. The physician explained the plan of therapy and its expected good results. However, the mother refuses to see or hold her baby. Initial therapeutic approach to the mother should be which of the following?

Encourage her to express her feelings.

Which of the following is considered a cardinal sign of diabetes mellitus?

Frequent urination

The nurse is caring for an 11-year-old boy who has recently been diagnosed with diabetes. Which of the following should be included in the teaching plan for daily injections?

He is old enough to give most of his own injections.

A nasal spray of desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) is used to treat:

diabetes insipidus.

A mother calls the clinic nurse about her 4-year-old son who has acute diarrhea. She has been giving him the antidiarrheal drug loperamide (Imodium A-D). The nurse's response should be based on knowledge that this drug is:

not indicated.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is suspected in an adolescent. Which of the following clinical manifestations may be present?

Poor wound healing

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disease that results in the body's inability correctly to metabolize:

phenylalanine.

Invagination of one segment of bowel within another is called which of the following?

Intussusception

Nursing care of a child diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate ADH should include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Weigh daily. Restrict fluids.

A 3-year-old child with Hirschsprung disease is hospitalized for surgery. A temporary colostomy will be necessary. The nurse should recognize that preparing this child psychologically is:

necessary because it will be an adjustment.

The parents of a child who has just been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes ask about exercise. The nurse should explain that:

extra snacks are needed before exercise.

A young child is brought to the emergency department with severe dehydration secondary to acute diarrhea and vomiting. Therapeutic management of this child will begin with:

intravenous (IV) fluids.

Enemas are ordered to empty the bowel preoperatively for a child with Hirschsprung disease. The enema solution should be:

normal saline.

Which of the following is an important nursing consideration in the care of the infant with PKU?

Suggest ways to make formula more palatable.

Which of the following observations made of the exposed abdomen is most indicative of pyloric stenosis?

Visible peristalsis

Pyloric stenosis can best be described as which of the following?

Hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle

The nurse is caring for a child with suspected diabetes insipidus. Which of the following clinical manifestations would the nurse expect to observe?

Polyuria and polydipsia

Excessive vomiting can result in which of the following in an infant with pyloric stenosis?

Metabolic alkalosis

Therapeutic management of the child with acute diarrhea and dehydration usually begins with which of the following?

Oral rehydration solution (ORS)

Which of the following is an important nursing consideration in the care of a child with celiac disease?

Refer to a nutritionist for detailed dietary instructions and education.

During the first few days after surgery for cleft lip, the nurse should do which of the following?

Remove restraints periodically to cuddle infant.

A child with hypopituitarism is being started on growth hormone (GH) therapy. Nursing considerations should be based on knowledge of which of the following?

Replacement therapy requires daily subcutaneous injections.

Which of the following is the viral pathogen that frequently causes acute diarrhea in young children?

Rotavirus

Manifestations of hypoglycemia include which of the following?

Shaky feeling and dizziness

Which type of hernia has an impaired blood supply to the herniated organ?

Strangulated hernia

When caring for a child with probable appendicitis, the nurse should be alert to recognize that which of the following is a sign of perforation?

Sudden relief from pain

A 4-month-old infant has gastroesophageal reflux (GER) but is thriving without other complications. Which of the following should the nurse suggest to minimize reflux?

Thicken formula with rice cereal.

Hyperglycemia associated with diabetic ketoacidosis is defined as a blood glucose measurement equal to or greater than:

330 mg/dl.

Recent studies indicate that a deficiency of which of the following vitamins correlates with increased morbidity and mortality in children with measles?

A

The nurse is caring for a neonate with a suspected tracheoesophageal fistula. Nursing care should include which of the following?

Elevate head but give nothing by mouth.

What type of dehydration is defined as "dehydration that occurs in conditions in which electrolyte and water deficits are present in approximately balanced proportion"?

Isotonic dehydration

Therapeutic management of most children with Hirschsprung disease is primarily which of the following?

Surgical removal of affected section of bowel

Oral candidiasis (thrush) in the neonate is which of the following?

Yeastlike fungal infection of mucous membranes that is relatively common

Which of the following is characteristic of the immune-mediated type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Age at onset is usually younger than 20 years.

The nurse is caring for a child admitted with acute abdominal pain and possible appendicitis. Which of the following is appropriate to relieve the abdominal discomfort?

Allow to assume position of comfort.

Acute diarrhea is often caused by which of the following?

Antibiotic therapy

A child with GH deficiency is receiving GH therapy. When is the best time for the GH to be administered?

At bedtime

A stool specimen from a child with diarrhea shows the presence of neutrophils and red blood cells. This is most suggestive of which of the following conditions?

Bacterial gastroenteritis

The nurse should know that Lyme disease is which of the following?

Caused by a spirochete that enters the skin through a tick bite

A child eats some sugar cubes after experiencing symptoms of hypoglycemia. This rapid-releasing sugar should be followed by which of the following?

Complex carbohydrate and protein

Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of juvenile hypothyroidism?

Dry skin

Which of the following is a parasite that causes acute diarrhea?

Giardia lamblia

To help the adolescent deal with diabetes, the nurse must consider which of the following characteristics of adolescence?

Need to be perfect and similar to peers

The nurse is caring for a boy with probable intussusception. He had diarrhea before admission but, while waiting for administration of air pressure to reduce the intussusception, he passes a normal brown stool. Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing action?

Notify practitioner.

Diabetes insipidus is a disorder of which of the following?

Posterior pituitary

Which of the following statements best describes hypopituitarism?

Skeletal proportions are normal for age.

A goiter is an enlargement or hypertrophy of which gland?

Thyroid

The parent of a child with diabetes mellitus asks the nurse when urine testing will be necessary. The nurse should explain that urine testing for:

ketonuria should be done when it is suspected.

A histamine-receptor antagonist such as cimetidine (Tagamet) or ranitidine (Zantac) is ordered for an infant with GER. The purpose of this is to:

reduce gastric acid production.

The nurse is explaining to a parent how to care for a child with vomiting associated with a viral illness. Which of the following should the nurse include?

Brush teeth or rinse mouth after vomiting.

Caring for the newborn with a cleft lip and palate before surgical repair includes which of the following?

Providing satisfaction of sucking needs

The nurse is caring for an infant with suspected pyloric stenosis. Which of the following clinical manifestations would indicate pyloric stenosis?

Visible peristalsis and weight loss

Which of the following clinical manifestations would be the most suggestive of acute appendicitis?

Abdominal pain that is most intense at McBurney point

Which of the following is a condition that can result if hypersecretion of GH occurs after epiphyseal closure?

Acromegaly

Which of the following is an important nursing consideration in preventing the complications of congenital hypothyroidism (CH)?

Be certain appropriate screening is done on newborn.

A parent asks the nurse why self-monitoring of blood glucose is being recommended for her child with diabetes. The nurse should base the explanation on which of the following?

Children are better able to manage the diabetes.

The nurse is discussing with a child and family the various sites used for insulin injections. Which of the following sites usually has the fastest rate of absorption?

Abdomen

Which of the following types of dehydration results from water loss in excess of electrolyte loss?

Hypertonic dehydration