perform ultrasound exam- sound and matter interactions 6

Assume we are discussing a conventional diagnostic ultrasound imaging system. Which of the following interventions will most likely mitigate a beam-width artifact?

A. Adjust focal zone

Which of the following artifacts is the most likely cause of an anatomic reflector having an excessively bright appearance within an ultrasound image?

A. Focal banding

Assume we are discussing a conventional diagnostic ultrasound imaging system. In the accompanying greyscale RUQ ultrasound image of the hepatorenal interface, which of the following artifacts is present in the region identified by the indicator line?

A. Mirror-image

Assume we are discussing a conventional diagnostic ultrasound imaging system. In the accompanying posterior ultrasound image of the glenohumeral joint, which of the following artifacts is present in the region identified by the indicator line?

A.Acoustic shadowing

Which of the following artifacts is the most likely cause of an anatomic reflector being displayed multiple times within an ultrasound image?

A.Ring-down

Which of the following statements is a core assumption about the physical properties of sound transmission through the human body that forms the basis of conventional diagnostic ultrasound imaging systems?

A.Sound travels in a straight path.

Which of the following effects may result in sound propagating through human tissue at a velocity faster than 1,540 m/sec?

B. A reflector may appear closer to the skin surface than it actually is.

Which of the following choices is an expected consequence of speed error?

B. Reflectors may appear farther or closer to the transducer surface than they really are.

Assume we are discussing a conventional diagnostic ultrasound imaging system. Which of the following artifacts would be expected to arise when an ultrasound beam travels off-axis (not along the main axis of the beam) and encounters a strong reflector?

B.Lobe

Which of the following artifacts is the most likely cause of the appearance of multiple echoes within an ultrasound image that do not correspond with true anatomic structures?

B.Noise

Assume we are discussing a conventional diagnostic ultrasound imaging system. In the accompanying long-axis ultrasound image of an ultrasound-guided central venous cannulation procedure, which of the following artifacts is identified by the indicator line?

B.Reverberation

Which of the following statements best characterizes a reverberation artifact?

B.Reverberation artifacts emanate from the border of adjacent tissues with differing acoustic impedances.

Which of the following imaging artifacts is the most likely reason for the disappearance of true anatomic reflectors from an ultrasound image?

C.Acoustic shadowing

Assume we are discussing a conventional diagnostic ultrasound imaging system. In the accompanying greyscale lung ultrasound image, which of the following artifacts is present in the region identified by the indicator line?

C.Ring-down

Which of the following artifacts is the most likely reason an anatomic structure is displayed at an incorrect depth on the ultrasound display screen?

D. Speed error

Assume we are discussing a conventional diagnostic ultrasound imaging system. Which of the following statements best describes the expected outcome when sound propagates through human tissue at a velocity much slower than 1,540 m/sec and encounters a reflector?

D.It will take longer for the returning echo to return to the ultrasound transducer.

Which of the following parameters most directly determines the spatial resolution of a digital ultrasound display screen?

D.Pixel density

Which of the following artifacts is the most likely cause of a copy of an anatomic reflector being displayed to the side of the true structure within an ultrasound image?

D.Refraction

Assume we are discussing a conventional diagnostic ultrasound imaging system. Which of the following statements best describes one of the core physical assumptions that is integrated into ultrasound display equipment to assign location and intensity to received sound echoes?

D.Speed of sound in human tissue is constant.

Assume we are discussing a conventional diagnostic ultrasound imaging system. Which of the following statements best describes one of the core physical assumptions that are integrated into ultrasound display equipment to assign location and intensity to received sound echoes?

depth of a reflector is determined by the time it takes for a pulse to reach a reflector and return back to the transducer.