pharm chapter 1 questions

2. the medical situation when a particular drug should NOT be administered is referred to as..

d. contraindication

6. a drug that has the potential for abuse and is regulated by the drug enforcement agency is classified as a..

d. controlled substance

7. the study of the use of drugs in treating diseases

d. pharmacotherapeutics

10. the time a drug continues to produce its effect is its..

e. duration of action

1. the study of the amount of drug that is required to produce therapeutic effects

e. posology

5. science of prepping and dispensing medicines

f. pharmacy

2. the study of the harmful effects of drugs on living tissues

g. toxicology

3. an unusual or unexpected drug reaction by an individual is known as..

c. idiosyncrasy

8. a medication that does not require a physicians service to obtain is referred to as..

c. nonprescription

1. the study of drug absorption, metabolism and excretion is known as..

c. pharmacokinetics

4. the study of drugs

c. pharmacology

4. the proprietary drug name supplied by the pharmaceutical company is also referred to as..

c. trade name

8. define a drug

-every pure drug is a chemical compound with a specific chemical structure -drugs have certain properties [because of its structure] that are usually divided into chemical properties and biological properties -the properties of the drug determine what effects will be produced when given -drugs produce effects by influencing the function of human cells

9. which of the following can be categorized as an adverse reaction?

-idiosyncrasy -drug allergy -teratogenicity -carcinogenicity e. all the above

13. explain the difference between idiosyncrasy and drug allergy

-idiosyncrasy: individual reactions to a drug with an unusual or unexpected response -drug allergy: when an individual becomes sensitized to a particular drug [drug acts like an antigen] and produces antibodies against the drug

12. explain the difference between prescription drug & OTC drug & controlled substance

-prescription drug: drugs requiring a written or phone order (the prescription) which can only be issued by or under the direct of a licensed physician, dentist, or vet -OTC: over the counter -- can be purchased anywhere and DO NOT require the services of a physician or pharmacist -controlled substances: put into schedules -- drugs that have the potential for abuse

14. write a short paragraph describing the terms receptor site, binding, drug action, agonist, antagonist and competitive antagonist

-receptor site: drug action is usually thought to begin after a drug has attached itself to some chemical structure located on the outer cell membrane or within the cell itself -binding: the attachment or -- binding -- of a drug to its receptors begins a series of cell changes referred to as the drug action -agonist: drugs that bind to specific receptors and produce a drug action -antagonist: drugs that bind to specific receptors and block agonist drug action or cellular functions -competitive antagonist: when both agonist and antagonist drugs bind to the same receptor and are administered together, they compete with each other for the same receptor site

10. what is the difference between site of action and mechanism of action?

-site of action: the location within the body where the drug exerts its therapeutic effects -- where it does it -mechanism of action: explains HOW the drug produces its' effects -- how it does it

9. differentiate between therapeutic effect, side effect and toxic effects

-therapeutic effects: intended effect -- desired drug effect to alleviate some condition or symptom of a disease -side effect: nuisance more than they are harmful -- drug effect other than the therapeutic effect that is usually undesirable but NOT harmful -toxic effect: drug poisoning -- consequences of drugs can be extremely harmful and may be life threatening, drug must be stopped and supportive treatment and administration of antidotes may be required

11. what is the relationship between ED50, LD50 and therapeutic index

-therapeutic index is the RATIO of the LD50 to the ED50 of a drug -this estimates the relative safety of a drug -formula: TI = LD50/ED50

understanding terminology

..

3. the study of the actions of drugs on living tissue

a. pharmacodynamics

7. select the term below that relates to the among of drug administered to produce a therapeutic effect..

a. posology

5. the time from drug administration to the first observable drug effect is known as..

b. onset of action

6. the study of the processes of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

b. pharmacokinetics