PHARM. Chapter 29
The autonomic nervous system works with which of the following body systems to maintain homeostasis?
Endocrine
Which of the following would be assessed with parasympathetic nervous system stimulation?
Increased gastric motility
After reviewing the autonomic nervous system and cholinergic neurons, the students demonstrate a need for additional study when they identify which of the following as a location for cholinergic neurons?
Most postganglionic sympathetic nervous system nerves
Norepinephrine is made by nerve cells using which substance?
Tyrosine
When describing the fight or flight response, an instructor describes various events that occur and substances that are secreted. Which substance would the instructor include as being responsible for sodium and water retention?
Aldosterone
Norepinephrine is mainly:
An excitatory neurotransmitter that stimulates the brain to generalized increased activity.
Nicotinic receptors are found in which of the following areas?
Autonomic basal ganglia
The body uses tyrosine in the diet to make what substance?
Norepinephrine
A patient is using his incentive spirometer during the postoperative period. The skeletal muscles during the use of the incentive spirometer are stimulated by which neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
The following are steps involved in norepinephrine release. Place them in the proper sequence as they would occur.
Action potential arrives at the axon terminal Axon membrane depolarizes Calcium moves into the nerve Membrane contracts Storage vesicles fuse with cell membrane Norepinephrine travels across synapse to effector cell
Nicotinic receptors would be found in which location?
Adrenal medulla
A patient is admitted to the emergency room after a car accident. Based on the experience of the emergency room nurse, what system will affect a response to the emergency?
Autonomic nervous system
A patient is receiving a drug that helps to dilate the bronchioles. The nurse understands that this drug is acting on which receptor site?
Beta-2
Which of the following effects results from activation of beta2 receptors?
Bronchodilation
The nursing instructor is explaining the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in influencing body functions. Which of the following changes in a patient's body functions would be directly related to the stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Decreased heart rate
A patient has received his evening meal and is recovering from surgery. What nervous system is stimulated?
Parasympathetic nervous system
A patient is suffering from a heart rate of 42 beats per minute. Which system contributes to bradycardia?
Parasympathetic nervous system
Which of the following helps to generate heat when the core body temperature is too low?
Piloerection
Students demonstrate understanding of the autonomic nervous system functions when they identify which of the following?
Regulation of respiration
Most of the free norepinephrine molecules are taken up by the nerve terminal that releases them in which of the following processes?
Reuptake
A graduate of a nursing program is scheduled to take the NCLEX today. He wakes up and is noticing his heart is racing and his pupils are dilated. What can he attribute to this reaction?
Sympathetic nervous system
When describing the parasympathetic nervous system, which of the following would be included?
The cells are primarily located in the sacral area of the spinal cord.
The CNS structure containing groups of neurons responsible for vital cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor functions is:
The medulla oblongata.
The anatomy and physiology instructor is discussing adrenergic receptors with the nursing class. What adrenergic receptor would the instructor tell the students is found in the blood vessels, iris, and urinary bladder?
Alpha1
The physiology instructor explains to the nursing students that Beta2 stimulation leads to which of the following?
Vasodilation of blood vessels
The nurse knows that beta receptors are found in which areas of the body? Select all that apply.
• Myocardium • Peripheral blood vessels • Bronchial smooth muscles
When assessing a patient who is experiencing a stress response, which of the following would the nurse expect to find? Select all that apply.
• Tachycardia • Pupil dilation • Diaphoresis
Stimulation of which receptor results in increased myocardial activity during the stress response?
Beta-1 Beta-1 stimulation increases myocardial activity. Alpha-1 stimulation leads to vasoconstriction and increased peripheral vascular resistance resulting in a rise in blood pressure. Alpha-2 stimulation prevents overstimulation of effector sites and moderate insulin release by the beta cells of the pancreas. Beta-2 stimulation causes vasodilation and bronchodilation.
