PHI2100 Exam 1 Review

अब Quizwiz के साथ अपने होमवर्क और परीक्षाओं को एस करें!

The following argument commits which fallacy? You had better get straight A's this year. If you don't, I will take away your car and your allowance. appeal to pity none of the above appeal to people appeal to force

Appeal to force

A disjunctive argument form is invalid.

False

A fundamental characteristic of good reasoning is that it is persuasive.

False

A hypothetical argument or syllogism is an invalid reasoning form.

False

A sentence and a statement are equivalent concepts.

False

Affirming the disjunct is a valid form of reasoning.

False

An appeal to force fallacy uses the specific emotional response of pity to create an argument.

False

An appeal to pity fallacy uses the specific emotional response of fear to create an argument.

False

An argument is a collection of sentences one of which is said to follow from the others.

False

An argument is a collection of sentences.

False

An eternal statement is a statement that has a variable value.

False

An occasion statement is a statement that has a fixed truth value.

False

Aristotle developed an area of logic which is called statement or propositional logic.

False

Expressions such as since, because, given that are conclusion indicators.

False

Expressions such as therefore, hence, consequently are premise indicators.

False

If an argument is deductively valid, then all premises and its conclusion must be true.

False

In the logic that we study there are an infinite amount of truth values.

False

It is impossible for an argument to be valid and still have false premises and a false conclusion.

False

Logic as a discipline was developed at the end of the 19th century.

False

The difference between formal and informal fallacies is that formal fallacies depend on the content of the argument and informal fallacies depend on the structure of the argument.

False

The following is an example of a good argument: Some fruits are sweet. Some fruits are oranges. So, some fruits are sweet oranges.

False

The form of affirming the consequent is a valid form.

False

Validity has to do with the content of an argument and not with its structure.

False

A characteristic of validity is that it preserves truth.

True

A counterexample is a specific version of an invalid argument that has true premises and a false conclusion.

True

A deductively valid argument may have false premises and a false conclusion.

True

A fallacy is a mistake in reasoning.

True

A fundamental characteristic of good reasoning is that it is truth perserving

True

A slippery slope fallacy attempts to make a final event the inevitable outcome of an initial act.

True

A syllogism is an argument that consists of two premises and a conclusion and the premises and the conclusion are categorical propositions.

True

An abductively good argument is an argument that tries to find the best hypothesis to explain a phenomenon.

True

An ad hominem fallacy takes place when the speaker diverts the attention of the audience.

True

An aim of logic is to criticize the arguments of others and our own.

True

An argument can have one or more false premises and still be valid.

True

An argument is a collection of statements

True

An argument is deductive valid if it does not have counterexamples.

True

An argument is deductively invalid if it is possible for the premises to be true and the conclusion to be false.

True

An argument is deductively valid if it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion to be false.

True

An argument may be valid even if it has a true premise, a false premise and a false conclusion.

True

An inductively good argument is an argument that makes the conclusion highly likely.

True

An invalid argument is one in which the conclusion does not follow necessarily from the premises.

True

Aristotle developed an area of logic which is called syllogistic

True

Denying the antecedent is an invalid form.

True

Examples of inductive reasoning form are statistical inferences, analogies, causal inferences.

True

Formal logic studies the logical relations between premises and conclusions in an argument.

True

It is possible in an invalid argument that all the premises are true and the conclusion is true.

True

Logic allows us to investigate the validity of arguments

True

Logic as a discipline was developed at around 6th or 5th century BCE

True

Some common valid reasoning forms are the forms of modus ponens, and modus tollens.

True

Some fundamental concepts in logic are the concepts of validity, and truth-functionality.

True

The fallacy of equivocation is committed when the same terms is used with more than one meaning in the same argument.

True

The following is an example of a valid argument: All dogs are birds. All birds are animals that have wings. So, all dogs are animals that have wings

True

The truth value of a statement is that feature that makes it either true or false.

True

Through the study of logic we learn how to construct complex chains of reasoning.

True

To find a counterexample to an argument that is invalid, we first need to find the structure of the argument.

True

To find the structure of an argument we replace either whole statements or its terms with upper case letters.

True

Truth has to do with the content of an argument and not with its structure

True

Validity has to do with the structure of an argument and not with its content

True

Which fallacy is committed in the following argument: Senator X who holds a law degree said that global warming is not a fact. Therefore, it must be true that the Earth is not getting warmer. Correct! appeal to an unreliable authority appeal to force appeal to people none of the above

appeal to an unreliable authority

Name the type of fallacy committed and explain why the passage is an example of that type. Every art and every inquiry, and similarly every action and pursuit, is thought to aim at some good; and for this reason the good has rightly been declared to be that at which all things aim. (Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, Bk. I Ch. 1) appeal to people equivocation begging the question composition

begging the question

The following argument commits which fallacy? She's the best candidate for the job. I know this, because no one is better qualified. composition appeal to people begging the question equivocation

begging the question

Name the type of fallacy committed and explain why the passage is an example of that type. As far as I'm concerned, we need pay no attention to the president of the college when it comes to education because he has no authority in education. He doesn't even have enough authority to prevent students from staging protest rallies. composition begging the question slippery slope equivocation

equivocation

Name the type of fallacy committed and explain why the passage is an example of that type. I just know that getting the flu shot gives me the flu! Last year, I decided to get the flu vaccine and what do you know? I caught the flu. The same thing happened the year before that, and the year before that! There's no way I'm getting the flu shot again this year. I've had enough of the flu! ad hominem or against the person false cause composition straw man

false cause

The composition fallacy applies to sentences none of the above essays statements

none of the above

The straw man fallacy occurs when one word in the same argument is used with more than one meaning none of the above when the conclusion is assumed by the premises when it is directed against the person rather than the argument the person offers.

none of the above


संबंधित स्टडी सेट्स

Chapter 4: Individual, Family, Community

View Set

Fundamentals of Computer Science - What is Computing? - Unit 4

View Set

Chapter 51: Neonatal and Newborn

View Set

Motivational interviewing, Narrative Therapy, CH 8 - Cognitive-Behavioral Theory and Therapy, Clinical chapter 12, Psychoanalytic Therapy and CBT, CLINICAL INDIVIDUAL TEST ONE: Ch ONE Systems, Ecological, Ecosystems; Ch TWO CBT, CLINICAL INDIVIDUAL:...

View Set

CDCA Pearls, Dental Decks (Pediatrics), *Golden- NBDE II- Perio, CDCA, CDCA Nitrous 2018 " Nitrous Oxide Administration for Dental Hygienists - Part 1", CDCA my prep, Computer Simulated Clinical Examination-Dental Hygiene CDCA

View Set

5-5: Proportional & Nonproportional Relationships

View Set

Penny Chapter 27: The Fetal Heart and Chest Review Questions

View Set