Physical Science Study Guide
A rock is dropped from a cliff. What will eventually happen to the rock's motion?
Air resistance will cause the rock to accelerate as it falls.
Which statement best expresses Newton's first law of motion?
All objects resist changes to their states of motion.
Which statement best expresses Newton's second law of motion?
An object's acceleration is dependent upon mass and net force.
The ball shown below has a mass of 5 kg. The net force on the ball is 5 N. What is the ball's acceleration?
1 m/s^2
The ball shown below has a mass of 3 kg. The net force on the ball is 18 N. What is the ball's acceleration?
6 m/s^2
Which situation most clearly presents an example of Newton's third law of motion?
A dropped ball bounces because the earth exerts a force on the ball when they collide.
A cannonball is shot from a cannon. What will eventually happen to the cannonball's motion?
External forces will cause the cannonball to come to rest.
Katie bicycled 15 kilometers eastward along a trail. The trip took her 50 minutes. She then took a break to drink some water. She then bicycled the 15 kilometers back to the beginning of the trail, completing the ride back in 50 minutes as well. Why has Katie's velocity changed?
She changed direction.
A golf club struck a golf ball that was resting on the ground. According to Newton's third law of motion, which of the following is true?
The ball applied an equal and opposite force to the club when the club struck the ball.
A cat jumps from the ground onto a table. According to Newton's third law of motion, which of the following is true?
When the cat pushed down on the ground to jump, the ground applied a force to the cat.
What is the best example of gravitational potential energy being stored?
a rollercoaster stopping at the top of a hill
A book is in a state of rest on a table. What condition would allow the book to continue in its state of rest?
an absence of external forces
Which form of energy does a banana store?
chemical
Two swimmers started swimming from the same pier. One swimmer swam east while the other swimmer swam west. They both swam at a speed of 1 meter per second and continued to swim at this pace for 10 minutes. What is different about the swimmers' velocities?
direction traveled
Which form of energy does a skier on top of a hill store?
gravitational
A ball is thrown through the air. What condition(s) would enable the ball to continue in its state of motion?
no air resistance or gravity
A rock is rolling along the ground. What condition would allow the rock to continue rolling at a constant velocity?
the forces of friction and gravity having the same magnitude
The brick shown below is accelerating at a rate of 12 m/s2. The brick's mass is 3 kg. What is the net force on the brick?
36 N
The box shown below is accelerating at a rate of 2 m/s2. The net force on the box is 8 N. What is the box's mass?
4 kg
Which statement best expresses Newton's third law of motion?
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.