Physiology Lab Muscular System

T tubules

Invaginations of the sarcolemma; filled with extracellular fluid.

nucleus

Locate the structures present in the organization of a fascicle. A

satellite cell

Locate the structures present in the organization of a fascicle. B

fascicle

Locate the structures present in the organization of a fascicle. C

muscle fiber

Locate the structures present in the organization of a fascicle. G

b. deep

Location of cardiac muscles: a. peripheral b. deep

I band

Match the correct structure to the image below. I

H zone

Center of the A band; contains only thick filaments.

true

Classify as true or false each of the sentences below: A fiber is categorized as slow or fast depending on how rapidly the ATPase in its myosin heads hydrolyze ATP a. true b. false

false

Classify as true or false each of the sentences below: Fast glycolytic fibers are intermediate in diameter and have a high resistance to fatigue a. true b. false

true

Classify as true or false each of the sentences below: Fast glycolytic fibers have low myoglobin content, few blood capillaries, few mitochondria, and appear white in color. a. true b. false

true

Classify as true or false each of the sentences below: Fast oxidative- glycolytic fibers are fast-twitch fibers adapted for intense movements of short duration like weight lifting or throwing a ball. a. true b. false

false

Classify as true or false each of the sentences below: Fast oxidative- glycolytic fibers have a high intracellular glycogen level, which allows them to generate ATP by aerobic respiration. a. true b. false

true

Classify as true or false each of the sentences below: Skeletal muscle fibers that have a high myoglobin content are termed red muscle fibers a. true b. false

true

Classify as true or false each of the sentences below: Slow oxidative fibers are smallest in diameter and are the least powerful type of muscle fibers. a. true b. false

I band

Contains only thin filaments.

myofibril

Contractile element of the skeletal muscle fiber; containing thick and thin filaments.

M Line

Formed by supporting proteins holding thick filaments together in the center of the H zone.

Cardiac muscle

Below, match the image with the type of muscle

Skeletal muscle

Below, match the image with the type of muscle

smooth muscle

Below, match the image with the type of muscle

troponin

this protein is a component of the thin filament and is where calcium ions will bind to during skeletal muscle contraction.

tropomyosin

this protein is a component of the thin filament that will cover the myosin-binding sites on the actin molecules.

Z discs

Narrow, plate shaped regions of dense protein.

a. multinucleated

Number of nucleus of Skeletal muscles: a. multinucleated b. single nucleus

b. single nucleus

Number of nucleus of cardiac muscles: a. multinucleated b. single nucleus

b. single nucleus

Number of nucleus of smooth muscles: a. multinucleated b. single nucleus

smooth and cardiac

Pick the correct muscle type for each characteristic below: involuntary contractions a. skeletal b. cardiac c. smooth d. cardiac and skeletal e. smooth and cardiac f. all muscle types

smooth

Pick the correct muscle type for each characteristic below: non-striated a. skeletal b. cardiac c. smooth d. cardiac and skeletal e. smooth and cardiac f. all muscle types

cardiac and skeletal

Pick the correct muscle type for each characteristic below: striated a. skeletal b. cardiac c. smooth d. cardiac and skeletal e. smooth and cardiac f. all muscle types

skeletal

Pick the correct muscle type for each characteristic below: voluntary contractions a. skeletal b. cardiac c. smooth d. cardiac and skeletal e. smooth and cardiac f. all muscle types

Myoglobin

Red, oxygen binding protein that is only found in the muscle; stores oxygen until it is needed by mitochondria for ATP.

sarcomere

Repeating units of a myofibril.

glycogen

Serves as storage form of glucose; can be broken down and used to synthesize ATP.

Myofilaments

Smaller structures within myofibrils.

sarcoplasm

Surrounded by the sarcolemma; the cytoplasm of the muscle fiber.

would cause muscle weakness or an inability to contract.

a drug that blocks calcium channels on the terminal cisternae.

Would cause muscle weakness or paralysis

a poison that blocks ACh receptors.

titin

connects a Z disc to the M line of a sarcomere, helping stabilize the position of the thick filament.

Myomesin

forms the M line of the sarcomere. It also binds to titin molecules and connects adjacent thick filaments to one another.

dystrophin

links thin filaments of the sarcomere to integral membrane proteins in the sarcolemma. This might help transmit the tension generated by sarcomeres to tendons.

actin

main component of the thin filament that has an active myosin-binding site.

contractility

Ability of muscle to contract forcefully when adequately stimulated: a. elasticity b. extensibility c. contractility d. electrical excitability

elasticity

Ability of muscle to return to its original length and shape after contraction or extension: a. elasticity b. extensibility c. contractility d. electrical excitability

extensibility

Ability of muscle to stretch without being damaged: a. elasticity b. extensibility c. contractility d. electrical excitability

electrical excitability

Ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing action potentials: a. elasticity b. extensibility c. contractility d. electrical excitability

triad

Formed by transverse tubules and two terminal cisternae.

mitochondrion

Locate the structures present in the organization of a fascicle. D

sarcoplasm

Locate the structures present in the organization of a fascicle. E

myofibril

Locate the structures present in the organization of a fascicle. F

sarcolemma

Locate the structures present in the organization of a fascicle. H

sarcoplasm

Locate the structures present in the organization of a fascicle. I

c. smooth

Location Found in walls of blood vessels: a. skeletal b. cardiac c. smooth d. cardiac and skeletal e. smooth and cardiac f. all muscle types

c. smooth

Location Found in walls of digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive organs: a. skeletal b. cardiac c. smooth d. cardiac and skeletal e. smooth and cardiac f. all muscle types

a. skeletal

Location of Combined with connective tissues and neural tissue: a. skeletal b. cardiac c. smooth d. cardiac and skeletal e. smooth and cardiac f. all muscle types

b. cardiac

Location of Heart: a. skeletal b. cardiac c. smooth d. cardiac and skeletal e. smooth and cardiac f. all muscle types

a. peripheral

Location of skeletal muscles: a. peripheral b. deep

b. deep

Location of smooth muscles: a. peripheral b. deep

A band

Match the correct structure to the image below. A

M line

Match the correct structure to the image below. B

thick filament

Match the correct structure to the image below. C

thin filament

Match the correct structure to the image below. D

sarcomere

Match the correct structure to the image below. E

titin filament

Match the correct structure to the image below. F

Z disc

Match the correct structure to the image below. G

H zone

Match the correct structure to the image below. H

perimysium

Match the structure surround each level: muscle fascicle a. epimysium b. perimysium c. endomysium d. sarcoplasmic reticulum e. none

endomysium

Match the structure surround each level: muscle fiber a. epimysium b. perimysium c. endomysium d. sarcoplasmic reticulum e. none

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Match the structure surround each level: myofibril a. epimysium b. perimysium c. endomysium d. sarcoplasmic reticulum e. none

none

Match the structure surround each level: sarcomere a. epimysium b. perimysium c. endomysium d. sarcoplasmic reticulum e. none

epimysium

Match the structure surround each level: skeletal muscle a. epimysium b. perimysium c. endomysium d. sarcoplasmic reticulum e. none

muscle fiber

Match the structures that are present in each level and which membrane: muscle fascicle a. skeletal muscle b. muscle fiber c. myofibril d. sarcomere e. thick and thin filaments

myofibril

Match the structures that are present in each level and which membrane: muscle fiber a. skeletal muscle b. muscle fascicle c. myofibril d. sarcomere e. thick and thin filaments

sarcomere

Match the structures that are present in each level and which membrane: myofibril a. skeletal muscle b. muscle fascicle c. muscle fiber d. sarcomere e. thick and thin filaments

thick and thin filaments

Match the structures that are present in each level and which membrane: sarcomere a. skeletal muscle b. muscle fascicle c. muscle fiber d. sarcomere e. thick and thin filaments

muscle fascicles

Match the structures that are present in each level and which membrane: skeletal muscle a. muscle fascicle b. muscle fiber c. myofibril d. sarcomere e. thick and thin filaments

cardiac

Pick the correct muscle type for each characteristic below: intercalated discs a. skeletal b. cardiac c. smooth d. cardiac and skeletal e. smooth and cardiac f. all muscle types

Slow oxidative fibers

Using the examples below, match the correct type of muscle fiber that is needed to perform this action. running a marathon

Slow oxidative fibers

Using the examples below, match the correct type of muscle fiber that is needed to perform this action. walking to the bus stop

Fast Glycolytic fibers

Using the examples below, match the correct type of muscle fiber that is needed to perform this action. weight lifting for body building

It acts as a neurotransmitter, facilitating communication between the nervous system and the muscle fibers.

What is the role of acetylcholine in a skeletal muscle contraction?

Its primary function is to break down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft at the neuromuscular junction

What is the role of acetylcholinesterase in a skeletal muscle contraction?

myosin

makes up the thick filaments. It consists of two heads and a tail.

skeletal muscle, muscle fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril, sarcomere

Place the different levels of organization of the skeletal muscle fiber in order from largest to smallest: a. muscle fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril, skeletal muscle, sarcomere b. muscle fiber, myofibril, sarcomere, muscle fascicle, skeletal muscle c. skeletal muscle, muscle fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril, sarcomere

Sarcoplasm

Plasma membrane of a muscle fiber.

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Storage center for calcium in relaxed muscle.

true

Classify as true or false each of the sentences below: Slow oxidative fibers generate ATP mainly by aerobic respiration a. true b. false

A band

Entire length of the thick filament; contains area of overlap with thin filament.

D, A, F, B, I, E, J, C, H, K, G

Place muscle contraction steps in order. ACh (acetylcholine) ; NMJ (neuromuscular junction) - ACh (excitatory neurotransmitter for skeletal muscle) that is stored in the synaptic vesicle of the synaptic end bulb is released and diffused across the synaptic cleft - Depolarizing graded potential called end plate potential (EPP) is generated - Now that the binding sites are free, ATP is hydrolyzed into ADP and a phosphate. This energizes the myosin head which then assumes the "cocked" position - Action potential occurs in the somatic motor neuron - At the onset of muscle fiber contraction, the sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium ions into the sarcoplasm - ACh binds to nicotinic ACh receptors on the motor end plate - Another molecule of ATP binds to the ATP binding site on myosin allowing for myosin to detach from actin - The energized myosin head then attaches to the myosin binding site on actin and a phosphate is released. This is referred to as the "crossbridge" - Adjacent regions of the sarcolemma are then depolarized, resulting in the generation of a muscle action potential. This action potential propagates through the muscle fiber membrane in both directions away from the NMJ towards the end of the fiber - The calcium ions then bind to troponin, which moves tropomyosin away from myosin binding sites on actin - The myosin head pivots changing its position from 90 degrees to 45, pulling the thin filament past the thick filament towards the center of the sarcomere. This is referred to as the power stroke a. D, A, F, B, I, E, J, C, H, K, G b. A, D, F, B, I, E, J, C, H, K, G c. D, A, F, B, I, J, E, C, H, K, G d. D, A, F, I, B, E, J, C, H, K, G e. D, A, F, B, E, I, J, C, H, K, G

Actin and Myosin

Proteins that are considered contractile proteins.

tropomyosin and troponin

Proteins that are considered regulatory proteins.

Titin, Myomesin, Nebulin, and Dystrophin

Proteins that are considered structural proteins.

alpha actinin

present in the Z discs, it will attach to actin and titin molecules.

nebulin

wraps around the entire length of each thin filament. It also helps to anchor thin filaments to Z discs in addition to regulating the length of thin filaments during development.