Physiology Lab Muscular System
T tubules
Invaginations of the sarcolemma; filled with extracellular fluid.
nucleus
Locate the structures present in the organization of a fascicle. A
satellite cell
Locate the structures present in the organization of a fascicle. B
fascicle
Locate the structures present in the organization of a fascicle. C
muscle fiber
Locate the structures present in the organization of a fascicle. G
b. deep
Location of cardiac muscles: a. peripheral b. deep
I band
Match the correct structure to the image below. I
H zone
Center of the A band; contains only thick filaments.
true
Classify as true or false each of the sentences below: A fiber is categorized as slow or fast depending on how rapidly the ATPase in its myosin heads hydrolyze ATP a. true b. false
false
Classify as true or false each of the sentences below: Fast glycolytic fibers are intermediate in diameter and have a high resistance to fatigue a. true b. false
true
Classify as true or false each of the sentences below: Fast glycolytic fibers have low myoglobin content, few blood capillaries, few mitochondria, and appear white in color. a. true b. false
true
Classify as true or false each of the sentences below: Fast oxidative- glycolytic fibers are fast-twitch fibers adapted for intense movements of short duration like weight lifting or throwing a ball. a. true b. false
false
Classify as true or false each of the sentences below: Fast oxidative- glycolytic fibers have a high intracellular glycogen level, which allows them to generate ATP by aerobic respiration. a. true b. false
true
Classify as true or false each of the sentences below: Skeletal muscle fibers that have a high myoglobin content are termed red muscle fibers a. true b. false
true
Classify as true or false each of the sentences below: Slow oxidative fibers are smallest in diameter and are the least powerful type of muscle fibers. a. true b. false
I band
Contains only thin filaments.
myofibril
Contractile element of the skeletal muscle fiber; containing thick and thin filaments.
M Line
Formed by supporting proteins holding thick filaments together in the center of the H zone.
Cardiac muscle
Below, match the image with the type of muscle
Skeletal muscle
Below, match the image with the type of muscle
smooth muscle
Below, match the image with the type of muscle
troponin
this protein is a component of the thin filament and is where calcium ions will bind to during skeletal muscle contraction.
tropomyosin
this protein is a component of the thin filament that will cover the myosin-binding sites on the actin molecules.
Z discs
Narrow, plate shaped regions of dense protein.
a. multinucleated
Number of nucleus of Skeletal muscles: a. multinucleated b. single nucleus
b. single nucleus
Number of nucleus of cardiac muscles: a. multinucleated b. single nucleus
b. single nucleus
Number of nucleus of smooth muscles: a. multinucleated b. single nucleus
smooth and cardiac
Pick the correct muscle type for each characteristic below: involuntary contractions a. skeletal b. cardiac c. smooth d. cardiac and skeletal e. smooth and cardiac f. all muscle types
smooth
Pick the correct muscle type for each characteristic below: non-striated a. skeletal b. cardiac c. smooth d. cardiac and skeletal e. smooth and cardiac f. all muscle types
cardiac and skeletal
Pick the correct muscle type for each characteristic below: striated a. skeletal b. cardiac c. smooth d. cardiac and skeletal e. smooth and cardiac f. all muscle types
skeletal
Pick the correct muscle type for each characteristic below: voluntary contractions a. skeletal b. cardiac c. smooth d. cardiac and skeletal e. smooth and cardiac f. all muscle types
Myoglobin
Red, oxygen binding protein that is only found in the muscle; stores oxygen until it is needed by mitochondria for ATP.
sarcomere
Repeating units of a myofibril.
glycogen
Serves as storage form of glucose; can be broken down and used to synthesize ATP.
Myofilaments
Smaller structures within myofibrils.
sarcoplasm
Surrounded by the sarcolemma; the cytoplasm of the muscle fiber.
would cause muscle weakness or an inability to contract.
a drug that blocks calcium channels on the terminal cisternae.
Would cause muscle weakness or paralysis
a poison that blocks ACh receptors.
titin
connects a Z disc to the M line of a sarcomere, helping stabilize the position of the thick filament.
Myomesin
forms the M line of the sarcomere. It also binds to titin molecules and connects adjacent thick filaments to one another.
dystrophin
links thin filaments of the sarcomere to integral membrane proteins in the sarcolemma. This might help transmit the tension generated by sarcomeres to tendons.
actin
main component of the thin filament that has an active myosin-binding site.
contractility
Ability of muscle to contract forcefully when adequately stimulated: a. elasticity b. extensibility c. contractility d. electrical excitability
elasticity
Ability of muscle to return to its original length and shape after contraction or extension: a. elasticity b. extensibility c. contractility d. electrical excitability
extensibility
Ability of muscle to stretch without being damaged: a. elasticity b. extensibility c. contractility d. electrical excitability
electrical excitability
Ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing action potentials: a. elasticity b. extensibility c. contractility d. electrical excitability
triad
Formed by transverse tubules and two terminal cisternae.
mitochondrion
Locate the structures present in the organization of a fascicle. D
sarcoplasm
Locate the structures present in the organization of a fascicle. E
myofibril
Locate the structures present in the organization of a fascicle. F
sarcolemma
Locate the structures present in the organization of a fascicle. H
sarcoplasm
Locate the structures present in the organization of a fascicle. I
c. smooth
Location Found in walls of blood vessels: a. skeletal b. cardiac c. smooth d. cardiac and skeletal e. smooth and cardiac f. all muscle types
c. smooth
Location Found in walls of digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive organs: a. skeletal b. cardiac c. smooth d. cardiac and skeletal e. smooth and cardiac f. all muscle types
a. skeletal
Location of Combined with connective tissues and neural tissue: a. skeletal b. cardiac c. smooth d. cardiac and skeletal e. smooth and cardiac f. all muscle types
b. cardiac
Location of Heart: a. skeletal b. cardiac c. smooth d. cardiac and skeletal e. smooth and cardiac f. all muscle types
a. peripheral
Location of skeletal muscles: a. peripheral b. deep
b. deep
Location of smooth muscles: a. peripheral b. deep
A band
Match the correct structure to the image below. A
M line
Match the correct structure to the image below. B
thick filament
Match the correct structure to the image below. C
thin filament
Match the correct structure to the image below. D
sarcomere
Match the correct structure to the image below. E
titin filament
Match the correct structure to the image below. F
Z disc
Match the correct structure to the image below. G
H zone
Match the correct structure to the image below. H
perimysium
Match the structure surround each level: muscle fascicle a. epimysium b. perimysium c. endomysium d. sarcoplasmic reticulum e. none
endomysium
Match the structure surround each level: muscle fiber a. epimysium b. perimysium c. endomysium d. sarcoplasmic reticulum e. none
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Match the structure surround each level: myofibril a. epimysium b. perimysium c. endomysium d. sarcoplasmic reticulum e. none
none
Match the structure surround each level: sarcomere a. epimysium b. perimysium c. endomysium d. sarcoplasmic reticulum e. none
epimysium
Match the structure surround each level: skeletal muscle a. epimysium b. perimysium c. endomysium d. sarcoplasmic reticulum e. none
muscle fiber
Match the structures that are present in each level and which membrane: muscle fascicle a. skeletal muscle b. muscle fiber c. myofibril d. sarcomere e. thick and thin filaments
myofibril
Match the structures that are present in each level and which membrane: muscle fiber a. skeletal muscle b. muscle fascicle c. myofibril d. sarcomere e. thick and thin filaments
sarcomere
Match the structures that are present in each level and which membrane: myofibril a. skeletal muscle b. muscle fascicle c. muscle fiber d. sarcomere e. thick and thin filaments
thick and thin filaments
Match the structures that are present in each level and which membrane: sarcomere a. skeletal muscle b. muscle fascicle c. muscle fiber d. sarcomere e. thick and thin filaments
muscle fascicles
Match the structures that are present in each level and which membrane: skeletal muscle a. muscle fascicle b. muscle fiber c. myofibril d. sarcomere e. thick and thin filaments
cardiac
Pick the correct muscle type for each characteristic below: intercalated discs a. skeletal b. cardiac c. smooth d. cardiac and skeletal e. smooth and cardiac f. all muscle types
Slow oxidative fibers
Using the examples below, match the correct type of muscle fiber that is needed to perform this action. running a marathon
Slow oxidative fibers
Using the examples below, match the correct type of muscle fiber that is needed to perform this action. walking to the bus stop
Fast Glycolytic fibers
Using the examples below, match the correct type of muscle fiber that is needed to perform this action. weight lifting for body building
It acts as a neurotransmitter, facilitating communication between the nervous system and the muscle fibers.
What is the role of acetylcholine in a skeletal muscle contraction?
Its primary function is to break down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft at the neuromuscular junction
What is the role of acetylcholinesterase in a skeletal muscle contraction?
myosin
makes up the thick filaments. It consists of two heads and a tail.
skeletal muscle, muscle fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril, sarcomere
Place the different levels of organization of the skeletal muscle fiber in order from largest to smallest: a. muscle fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril, skeletal muscle, sarcomere b. muscle fiber, myofibril, sarcomere, muscle fascicle, skeletal muscle c. skeletal muscle, muscle fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril, sarcomere
Sarcoplasm
Plasma membrane of a muscle fiber.
sarcoplasmic reticulum
Storage center for calcium in relaxed muscle.
true
Classify as true or false each of the sentences below: Slow oxidative fibers generate ATP mainly by aerobic respiration a. true b. false
A band
Entire length of the thick filament; contains area of overlap with thin filament.
D, A, F, B, I, E, J, C, H, K, G
Place muscle contraction steps in order. ACh (acetylcholine) ; NMJ (neuromuscular junction) - ACh (excitatory neurotransmitter for skeletal muscle) that is stored in the synaptic vesicle of the synaptic end bulb is released and diffused across the synaptic cleft - Depolarizing graded potential called end plate potential (EPP) is generated - Now that the binding sites are free, ATP is hydrolyzed into ADP and a phosphate. This energizes the myosin head which then assumes the "cocked" position - Action potential occurs in the somatic motor neuron - At the onset of muscle fiber contraction, the sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium ions into the sarcoplasm - ACh binds to nicotinic ACh receptors on the motor end plate - Another molecule of ATP binds to the ATP binding site on myosin allowing for myosin to detach from actin - The energized myosin head then attaches to the myosin binding site on actin and a phosphate is released. This is referred to as the "crossbridge" - Adjacent regions of the sarcolemma are then depolarized, resulting in the generation of a muscle action potential. This action potential propagates through the muscle fiber membrane in both directions away from the NMJ towards the end of the fiber - The calcium ions then bind to troponin, which moves tropomyosin away from myosin binding sites on actin - The myosin head pivots changing its position from 90 degrees to 45, pulling the thin filament past the thick filament towards the center of the sarcomere. This is referred to as the power stroke a. D, A, F, B, I, E, J, C, H, K, G b. A, D, F, B, I, E, J, C, H, K, G c. D, A, F, B, I, J, E, C, H, K, G d. D, A, F, I, B, E, J, C, H, K, G e. D, A, F, B, E, I, J, C, H, K, G
Actin and Myosin
Proteins that are considered contractile proteins.
tropomyosin and troponin
Proteins that are considered regulatory proteins.
Titin, Myomesin, Nebulin, and Dystrophin
Proteins that are considered structural proteins.
alpha actinin
present in the Z discs, it will attach to actin and titin molecules.
nebulin
wraps around the entire length of each thin filament. It also helps to anchor thin filaments to Z discs in addition to regulating the length of thin filaments during development.
