AP World History: Mock Questions
Which of the following reflects how Louis XIV saw his role as king as expressed in his memoirs?
"...I would doubtless be capable of governing other empires, just as the sun was capable of lighting up other worlds if they were exposed to its rays."
Muslim means
"submission"
Reasons capital moved to Constantinople
1) Rome too far away from important areas of Empire 2) Farther away from Barbarian attacks
Fourth Crusade
1202-1204. Crusaders attacked and conquered Constantinople.
when did Muhammad receive the first revelations that were eventually written down in the Quran
610
10. According to Buddhism, pain and sorrow were caused by (A) human attachment to worldly things. (B) human desires to attain Nirvana. (C) extreme asceticism. (D) the desires of the soul.
A
10. How did the discovery of the vast silver mines in South America affect Spain's position in Europe? a. It allowed Spain to pursue political and military goals far beyond what they could afford previously. b. It vastly enriched all the citizens of Spain. c. It did nothing for Spain because most of the silver went straight to China. d. Most of the silver was stolen by pirates as it was shipped across the Caribbean and Atlantic.
A
10. Which of the following best describes the state created by Abd al-Wahhab and Muhammad Ibn Saud in the 1740s? a. A state based on a pure and strict interpretation of Islam b. A state dedicated to the creation of material wealth c. A state open to learning and understanding the world's other religions d. A state defined by corruption, greed, and non-Islamic values
A
11. The Vedas were written in (A) Sanskrit. (B) Aryan. (C) Dravidian. (D) Hindu.
A
13. Confucius' sayings are collected in the (A) Analects (B) I Ching. (C) The Great Learning. (D) Dao.
A
13. Which of the following was the main source of wealth that the Russian empire gained from conquering Siberia? a. Animal furs b. Oil c. Ivory d. Diamonds
A
14. What was the main way through which Europeans acquired furs in North America? a. Trade with Native Americans b. Hunting by European fur traders c. Trapping d. Raising furry animals
A
14. Why was the legal concept of a "corporation" so important to the development of the European Scientific Revolution? a. It allowed universities to have a measure of educational and intellectual freedom from the church and state. b. It allowed for large-scale businesses to develop that could fund research. c. It allowed universities to make profits. d. It allowed churches and monasteries to make profits off their inventions.
A
15. The expansion of the Chinese and Russian empires into the steppe lands of central Asia led to what result for the nomadic peoples native to this vast area? a. The political independence and economic prosperity of nomadic peoples came to an end. b. The local religious customs and languages were completely erased. c. A brief economic boom ensued, which encouraged many nomads to move to cities and buy houses. d. They felt little impact; as long as they paid tribute, the nomadic peoples were mostly left alone.
A
15. The sacred ball court (A) had life or death implications for those who played upon it. (B) could only be played on by Mayan priests. (C) was a large, open, circular playing area that employed the use of straw baskets into which large, soft, balls had to be tossed. (D) was found only among the Incas and Iroquois. (E) disappeared after the fall of Olmec cvilization.
A
16. Which of the following was NOT an idea that the Han borrowed from the Qin system of government? (A) state Confucianism (B) tripartite division of power (C) the system of provinces and districts (D) merit system
A
17. How did the successful and unsuccessful slave uprisings early in the nineteenth century sway British public opinion in the issue of slavery? a. It showed people that slaves were not contented, but rather brutally oppressed, and thus they supported abolition of slavery. b. It showed people that Africans hated white people and could not be trusted harvesting their coffee, sugar, or tobacco, and thus they supported abolition of slavery. c. It showed people that Europeans were not capable of enforcing discipline among slaves, and thus they supported abolition of slavery. d. It showed people that Britain needed to get much tougher with its slaves and thus they opposed abolition of slavery.
A
17. How does the Enlightenment compare to the Scientific Revolution? a. The Enlightenment applied the idea of natural laws to human affairs. b. The Enlightenment refers to people's growing awareness of the Scientific Revolution. c. The Enlightenment inspired the Scientific Revolution. d. The Enlightenment was more mystical than the Scientific Revolution.
A
17. What is filial piety? (A) concept whereby family members subordinate themselves to the male head of the household (B) concept of worshipping dead ancestors (C) the method for making steel (D) concept of legalistic government rule
A
18. What was the "Terror of the Turk"? a. Europeans' fear of an Islamic takeover of all Europe b. A cruel torture method used by Ottoman soldiers c. The Savafid Persian Empire, the great enemy of the Ottomans d. A water-borne disease similar to dysentery
A
19. The civilization of the Inca (A) constructed an impressive system of roads and bridges throughout its extensive domain. (B) emplyed a force of highly-paid workers to construct the structures that it produced. (C) offered all women nothing but a life of domestic service restricted to the home. (D) developed an abundant lowland valley community at Machu Picchu. (D) routinely executed all war prisoners its army captured.
A
19. Which of the following best describes the Enlightenment-era philosophy of Rousseau? a. Children should be educated in nature, not in society. b. Children should be protected from nature, and kept inside society. c. Nature imbued people with traits of greed and envy. d. Children should begin reading books as early as possible.
A
21. Amerindians of North America who inhabited the present states of Pennsylvania and New York as well as parts of southern Canada (A) established the League of Iroquois. (B) all practiced cannibalism. (C) farmed maize, peanuts, and pineapples in the Caribbean during the winter. (D) began to cultivate manioc in what is now northern Canada. (E) developed only one major city, of over 750,000 inhabitants, near present-day Toronto.
A
23. Hoplites were (A) heavily armed infantrymen who carried a short sword and a long spear (B) aristocratic cavalrymen (C) a unit of military men formed into eight ranks deep (D) all of the above
A
26. The great iron-working culture of northern Nigeria was the (A) Nok. (B) Axum. (C) Kush. (D) Berger. (E) Malagasy.
A
29. The Crusades (A) were due, in part, to power shifts stemming from the weakening of the Byzantine Empire after the rise of the Seljuk Turks. (B) finally determined that Muslim forces would permanently dominate the Mediterranean Sea. (C) forced Saladin to reduce his territorial claims and, finally, to accept Christianity, in order to stay in power. (D) were a period when the behavior of Christian armies was much less brutal than that of Muslim forces. (E) never reached the city of Jerusalem.
A
3. Which of the following was NOT a result of the Thirty Years' War? a. Catholic forces regained control over most of Europe. b. About 15-30 percent of the German population was exterminated. c. Separate states gained the power to choose Protestantism or Catholicism. d. Europe was permanently divided between Protestant and Catholic lands.
A
4. What import from Europeans wiped out as many as nine-tenths of the Native American population? a. Disease b. Cannons c. Colonists d. Horses
A
4. What was one main difference between the Spanish colonization of the Philippines and the Portuguese strongholds the Indian Ocean Basin? a. The Spanish converted Filipinos to Christianity; the Portuguese often blended into the local populations. b. The Spanish only established coastal outposts; the Portuguese conquered inland areas. c. The Portuguese killed large amounts of natives; the Spanish did not use violence to enforce their rule. d. The Portuguese were only interested in spreading Christianity; the Spanish were only interested in getting rich.
A
5. The silver mines in Mexico and Peru allowed the Spanish conquerors to buy massive amounts of what highly valuable commodities? a. Chinese silk, tea, and porcelain b. British fishing vessels c. Incan and Aztec soldiers d. Cotton from North America
A
7. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship of the new European trading networks in the Indian Ocean to other Asian commercial networks? a. Europeans became just one small group among a vast number of thriving Asian commercial networks. b. Europeans destroyed and took over almost all other Asian commercial networks. c. Europeans gained access to commercial markets only where the local population converted to Christianity. d. Europeans ended up gaining little for their efforts, eventually leaving Asia empty-handed.
A
9. How were individual merchants, wandering holy men, or scholars able to spread Islam further throughout Africa, Asia, and even the Americas during the Early Modern Era? a. They were not threatening to local rulers, and were often quite useful. b. They were advance scouts for Islamic armies preparing invasion. c. They were not able to spread Islam on their own. d. They offered to convert local people if those people gave up their old religions.
A
9. Where did the majority of enslaved Africans end up once brought across the Atlantic? a. Brazil and the Caribbean b. Mexico c. Peru d. North America.
A
Which of the following resulted from Russia's westward expansion in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?
A program of westernization in Russia
Which of the following statements concerning urbanization in the Byzantine Empire is NOT accurate? A) Like China, the Byzantine Empire was heavily urbanized with many cities numbering more than 100,000. B) Constantinople controlled the economy and grew to enormous size. C) Aside from Constantinople, other cities in the Byzantine Empire were relatively small. D) Older urban centers, such as Athens, declined during the Byzantine Empire. E) Constantinople was the social center of the empire.
A) Like China, the Byzantine Empire was heavily urbanized with many cities numbering more than 100,000.
Which of the following describes what happened to the native populations of the steppes and Siberia as a consequence of Russian imperial expansion?
Assimilation
1. How did Luther's belief in the Bible as the source of religious truth threaten the power of the church? a. The church could not print enough Bibles for every Christian. b. It freed individuals to disagree with the Church's interpretation of Christianity. c. It placed a person's salvation in their own hands. d. It eliminated the idea of faith.
B
10. The reason why Jesus was denounced and crucified was that (A) radicals were disappointed because he was so messianic. (B) conservatives saw him as a potential revolutionary who might lead a revolt against Rome. (C) Persian authorities saw him as a revolutionary threat. (D) Samaritans found his ideas offensive. (E) Middle Eastern monotheists disagreed with his theology.
B
10. What best describes the result of Napoleon's conquest and reform of European lands? a. The conquered were grateful to Napoleon. b. The conquered accepted many of the reforms, but revolted against French control. c. The conquered refused to accept the reforms and fought bitterly against French control. d. The conquered refused to accept the reforms, but passively accepted French control.
B
11. Diocletian and Constantine (A) were the first Germanic emperors. (B) resorted to dictatorial control and heavy pressure to temporarily shore up the empire. (C) avoided eventual Roman demise. (D) permanently staved off the ravages of economic inflation. (E) increased the level of personal freedom and social mobility throughout the empire.
B
12. How might the Hindu practice of bhakti have threatened the social order in India? a. It sought to revive Hinduism. b. It set aside caste distinctions. c. It encouraged foot-washing. d. It sought to combine Islam and Hinduism.
B
12. What happened to Haiti's enormously profitable and huge slave plantations after Haitian independence was won in 1804? a. Former white plantation owners were rehired to run the plantations as modern companies. b. The land was divided and redistributed to freed slaves to use for their own needs. c. The land was neglected and reverted back to jungle, forest, and swampage d. The land was converted to large, urban industrial projects.
B
12. What is the longest reigning dynasty in Chinese history? (A) Shang (B) Zhou (C) Qin (D) Han
B
15. In what way did the fur trade benefit Native Americans? a. It helped their population grow. b. It protected them against enslavement and genocide, initially. c. It improved their diet. d. It unified disparate tribes.
B
15. What role did science play in the educational systems of Islamic and Chinese societies? a. It was central. b. It was marginal. c. There was great curiosity, but no texts in their languages. d. These societies had never had interest in science.
B
16. Akbar's policy toward the Hindus of India is best described as a. extermination. b. religious tolerance and incorporation of Hindu elites. c. massive efforts to convert Hindus to Islam. d. holy war against Hindus.
B
16. Aztec society was (A) an egalitarian democracy. (B) a hierarchical dictatorship, with a privileged upper class and a commoner majority. (C) primarily involved in the trading of slaves. (D) unique in giving women major political power. (E) a purely theocratic society.
B
17. The Mughal Empire eventually failed to unite Hindus and Muslims because a. Muslims and Hindus speak different languages. b. Emperor Aurangzeb attempted to enforce Islam throughout India. c. the Mughal rulers had a civil war between two competing emperors. d. Christian missionaries exploited the differences between the two religions.
B
18. Where was the earliest civilization in the Aegean region located? (A) Sparta (B) Crete (C) Mycenaean (D) Cyprus
B
19. How was the concept of nation often presented in the nineteenth century? a. As a brand new invention b. As something ancient being rediscovered c. As something that could come to exist if everyone pitched in d. As a pipedream
B
19. What aspects of the Ottoman society did many Europeans admire? a. Their spirit of scientific innovation b. Their spirit of religious tolerance c. Their educational system d. Their frequent and often rowdy culture of celebration and festivals
B
19. What was the social status of those Africans who were captured by other Africans to be sold to Europeans? a. They were society's elites. b. They were the outcasts and foreigners, often prisoners of war, within local villages. c. They were unruly local young men. d. It varied; people were simply picked at random to be slaves.
B
20. Among the mounted nomads who came to dominte much of the southwestern plains of North American after 1500 C.E. were the (A) Ute and the Mohawk. (B) Apache and Navajo. (C) Cree and Shoshone. (D) Anasazi and Arawak. (E) both B and C
B
20. The hero of the epic poem "Illiad" is (A) Paris. (B) Achilles. (C) Troy. (D) Odysseus.
B
21. Homer's epic poems gave a universal model of all of the following EXCEPT (A) honor. (B) love. (C) virtue. (D) nobility.
B
22. The Ka'aba (A) was a group of sacred stones revered by the Bedouin tribes, each of which possessed one. (B) was a large black rock that was housed in a central shrine in Mecca, and worshiped by all pre-Islamic Arabs. (C) represented the monotheism of the Bedouins. (D) was Allah's representative Arab priesthood. (E) was the male initiation ceremony when one formally became an adult.
B
24. The conquered peoples who were forced into serfdom by the Spartans were called (A) Ionians. (B) helots. (C) polis. (D) kratia.
B
27. Under the Umayyad Dynasty (A) Ethiopia became an Islamic state. (B) the Islmaic Arab empire expanded enormously. (C) Iraqi Shi'ite and Sunnite forces became united. (D) internal authority was strengthened by the propriety of the caliphs' behavior. (E) Constantinople was captured in 711.
B
28. During the Abbasid Dynasty (A) the Umayyad leaders were slaughtered to the last individual, during the "Ocean of Blood" era between 1100 and 1150. (B) a "Persian influence," reflected in the custom of having the caliph hidden from diwan members by a screen, developed. (C) Ottoman Turks were brought in and used either as peasant slaves or Sunnite priests. (D) caliphs became much more democratic. (E) the capital was moved to Damascus.
B
28. Who believed in rule by the upper classes or philosopher kings as exhibited in his most famous work, "The Republic"? (A) Socrates (B) Plato (C) Aristotle (D) none of the above
B
3. What strategic significance did the Philippines hold for Spain? a. Christianity was already established on the islands. b. They were close to China, but not ruled by China. c. They could be used to launch attacks on Portuguese forts. d. They were close to Australia.
B
30. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about the Mongols? (A) They caused great havoc and destruction throughout the Middle East. (B) Their westward advance continued on to absorb the Cordova caliphate in Spain. (C) Over time, their upper class population became Muslim. (D) By the 14th century, their empire began to fragment.
B
30. _____ was the great Hellenistic scientist who established the constant value of pi. (A) Epicurus (B) Archimedes (C) Zeno (D) Polybius
B
31. The great river than dominates the western region of Africa, the so-called "hump of Africa," is the (A) Nile. (B) Niger. (C) Congo. (D) Zaire. (E) Zambeze.
B
34. Axum was probably (A) the capital city of Kush. (B) originally a colony of the Kingdom of Saba/Sheba in the Arabian Peninsula. (C) the home of Mansa Musa. (D) fatally defeated by the army of Zimbabwe. (E) on the Congo River.
B
35. A unique aspect of the ancient Ethiopian civilization was the fact that (A) it was the only Muslim society in the area. (B) it adopted the form of Christianity practiced in Egypt. (C) its assimilation by Kush was brought about through the development of trade ties. (D) the Syrians were able to make it a Muslim nation. (E) it remained animist in religion until the 20th century.
B
39. All of the following was true about the southern African state of Zimbabwe EXCEPT (A) it was located south of the Zambezi River. (B) it played no significant role in the gold trade with the Swahili states to the east. (C) it derived great wealth from its role in expanded trade activities between coastal Africa and regions of the continent's interior. (E) it had a significant role in the gold trade with the Swahili states.
B
4. The First Punic War (A) resulted from a Roman invasion of Spain. (B) was waged between Carthage and Rome over control of the island of Sicily. (C) was begun with an attack by Hannibal. (D) discouraged the Romans from developing their naval power. (E) was caused by a Macedonian assault on Sicily.
B
4. Which of the following was a major difference between Protestants and Catholics in European colonies? a. Catholics built churches; Protestants did not. b. Catholics sought to convert native peoples; Protestants did not. c. Catholics did not condone slavery; Protestants did. d. Catholics were focused on getting rich; Protestants were not.
B
40. Slavery in Africa (A) was introduced by the Muslims. (B) was an ancient practice that used people for a range of tasks, including military service, agricultural and construction labor, and for domestic and royal servants. (C) saved its harshest treatment for the domestic and royal servants. (D) was virtually nonexistent in North Africa. (E) never involved more than two percent of the population.
B
5. What was one main difference between the establishment of the British East India Company in Mughal India versus the establishment of the Dutch East India Company in Indonesia? a. The British learned the local languages; the Dutch did not. b. The British used treaties with local Mughal rulers; the Dutch violently conquered and killed many Indonesians. c. The British encouraged intermarriage with elite local women; the Dutch took local women as sex slaves. d. The British had to send 50 percent of their profits back to the government in London; the Dutch only had to send a small percentage of money back to their government.
B
7. Which of the following was NOT among the radical measures taken by the new Revolutionary government in France? a. Creating an entirely new calendar with 1792 as Year One b. Granting independence to all French colonies c. Instituting a universal male draft to create the largest army in the world d. Replacing some churches with "Temples of Reason"
B
8. During the centuries of Roman history, from Republic to Empire, the paterfamilias' authority (A) increased. (B) decreased. (C) fluctuated. (D) remained the same. (E) was eliminated entirely.
B
8. What happened to Native Americans' religious beliefs when confronted with Catholicism? a. They rejected Catholicism completely. b. They blended their old customs easily into Catholic practices. c. They only pretended to be Catholic when Europeans were around. d. They completely abandoned their old religions, and embraced Catholicism entirely.
B
9. What impact did the discovery of the world's largest silver mine at Potosi have on the native (mostly) Incan population there? a. They grew suddenly rich. b. They were forced to work in deadly, hellish conditions. c. They had been so decimated by disease that they barely noticed the new mine. d. Realizing how valuable silver was to Europeans, they began digging for their own mines throughout the Andes.
B
Cyril and Methodius were responsible for what accomplishment? A) The ending of the iconoclastic controversy B) The creation of a written script for the Slavic language C) The conversion of Poland and Czechoslovakia to Orthodox Christianity D) The conversion of Poland and Czechoslovakia to Roman Catholicism E) The recapturing of much of the territory of the Roman Empire
B) The creation of a written script for the Slavic language
Images of religious objects venerated as part of the religious practices of the Orthodox church were called A) mosaics. B) icons. C) filioque. D) iconoclasm. E) idols.
B) icons.
The Byzantine Empire began A) in the 9th century C.E., with the missionary work of Cyril and Methodius. B) in the 4th century C.E., with the building of Constantinople. C) in the 1st century C.E., during the reign of Augustus. D) in the 5th century C.E., with the fall of Rome. E) in the 11th century C.E., with the first Crusades.
B) in the 4th century C.E., with the building of Constantinople.
the Abbasids moved the political center of their empire to
Baghdad
Moscow
Became nucleus of Russian development by 16th Century. Also known as "the third Rome"
Russian aristocrats or __________ had less political power than their counterparts in western Europe.
Boyars
Which of the following regions experienced the least racial mixing and was the least willing to recognize the offspring of interracial unions?
British North America
The Slavic kingdom established in the northern portions of the Balkan peninsula that presented a major challenge to the Byzantine Empire was __________.
Bulgaria
The eastern half of the Roman Empire survived after the 5th century as the __________.
Byzantine Empire
1. The earliest human creatures were called (A) homo sapiens (B) homo habilis (C) Australopithecines (D) homo erectus
C
1. The government of Rome (A) was originally established as a representative democracy. (B) contained an element of republicanism from its beginnings. (C) was originally a monarchy but later became a republic. (D) was developed as a monarch under the Celts. (E) was ruled by the upper class plebians.
C
1. What was the one major advantage that allowed the small Portuguese fleet to dominate the Indian Ocean militarily? a. They had large amounts of gold. b. They could speak the languages of the cultures they encountered. c. Their onboard cannon could defeat other ships and coastal forts. d. They intermarried with local leaders' families.
C
1. Why was it Portugal, Spain, France, and Britain that first expanded into the new world? a. These lands had a long tradition of distant exploration. b. These lands were Muslim. c. *These lands were on the Atlantic coast. d. These lands believed in ancient legends of a lost world across the ocean.
C
11. How did the discovery of silver mines in Japan impact Japanese fortunes? a. The ruling shogunate isolated Japan even more, fearing that greedy Europeans would conquer and enslave Japanese for their silver as in the Andes. b. The ruling shogunate used the silver to buy a large military and luxury goods for the elites, but did nothing to help commoners. c. The ruling shogunate wisely invested wealth from the mines to create a sustainable market-based economy and ecology. d. The ruling shogunate disintegrated into civil war and anarchy as factions fought over control of the silver mines.
C
11. How did the wealthy and poor white populations on Saint Domingue (later called Haiti) interpret the French Revolution's emphasis on equality and liberty? a. They rejected it completely. b. They enthusiastically accepted it as applying to white and black alike. c. The wealthy whites believed it applied only to them; poor whites believed it applied to all whites but not blacks. d. They did not see the affairs of far-away France as relevant to their lives.
C
11. What is one major reason for the higher literacy rates in British colonies than in Spanish/Portuguese colonies? a. Paper was harder to maintain in the warm, humid Spanish/Portuguese colonies. b. The British government invested massive funds into building libraries throughout North America. c. Protestantism, which encouraged the reading of the Bible, was the dominant form of Christianity in the British colonies. d. Spanish/Portuguese colonizers did not attempt to teach Native Americans to speak or read Spanish/Portuguese.
C
12. In North America, what percentage of African ancestry qualified a person as "black"? a. 50 percent b. 75 percent c. Any at all d. Any poor person, white or black, was considered "black"
C
13. All the following powers got the vast majority of their furs from North America, EXCEPT a. Britain. b. France. c. Russia. d. Holland.
C
14. Russia was a "society organized for continuous war" because a. Russians are by nature extremely violent people. b. it followed a particularly militaristic form of Christianity. c. it bordered all the great powers of Asia. d. Russians greatly admired the legacy of Genghis Khan.
C
14. The two commodities that enabled the Maya to develop trade relations with other civilizations in its region were (A) cotton and silver. (B) yams and manioc. (C) obsidian and cacao trees. (D) gold and silver. (E) manioc and turpentine.
C
14. Which of the following is one reason why the Latin American revolutions took longer and were more difficult than the (North) American Revolution? a. Language barriers b. Greater wealth in Spain than in Britain c. Divisions between creoles and Native Americans d. Stability of royal governments in Portugal and Spain
C
15. What great fear drove the Latin American Creole elites to pursue independence and political change? a. They feared falling behind the United States economically and politically. b. They feared that the Church was gaining too much power over them. c. They feared that social unrest from the lower classes and nonwhites would get out of control. d. They feared the Spanish and Portuguese monarchies were going to replace them with new elites drawn from the lower classes.
C
16. In what way did the fur trade harm Native Americans? a. It reduced their meat supply. b. It led to overpopulation. c. Because of contact with Europeans, it eventually led to warfare, disease, and alcoholism. d. It forced large populations of Native Americans to move far away.
C
16. What was the radical implication of Newton's law of mutual gravitation? a. It implied that God Himself had a gravitational weight. b. It implied that space flight was impossible. c. It implied that the heavens and earth obeyed the same laws. d. It implied that all planets would eventually crash into their sun.
C
17. How did African slavery in the New World differ fundamentally from past instances of slavery in world history? a. Black Africans had never before been enslaved. b. Slavery previously was only practiced in the Middle East. c. Slavery in the Americas was clearly associated with race and with plantation economies. d. Slaves were usually not transported long distances.
C
18. How did many Enlightenment thinkers, such as Voltaire, think about established religion? a. They were devoutly religious. b. They believed they could replace Christianity with an even better religion. c. They saw most religions as superstitious and intolerant. d. Publicly they supported the Church, but privately they mocked it.
C
18. The Moche culture (A) was ended by a devastating pandemic of the Black Death. (B) was located in a rain forest. (C) may have been ended by major environmental changes, including both severe flooding and the spread of area deserts. (D) was pacifistic, perhaps the major cause of its long existence. (E) was destroyed by the Aztecs.
C
2. How much autonomy did the British colonies in America have in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, before the conflict that led to American independence? a. None at all b. Just a little c. A large amount d. Varied widely from colony to colony
C
2. Why did certain princes and kings embrace Luther's ideas? a. They believed all people to be equal. b. They objected to the luxurious lifestyle of the Pope. c. They had long resented the Pope's political power over them. d. They wanted to improve the living conditions of their peasants.
C
20. What best describes the long-term impact of the slave trade on West Africa? a. Increasing political unification b. Technological breakthroughs c. Economic stagnation and political disruption d. Introduction of new crops from the Americas
C
20. What was the religious outcome of Ottoman rule in Christian Southeastern (Balkan) Europe? a. The elimination of Christianity and massive conversion to Islam b. No impact at all as tolerant Ottoman policies encouraged Christianity c. Conversion to Islam of about 20 percent of the population Persistent religious warfare between Muslims and Christians
C
20. Which of the following best describes the response of China, Japan, and the Ottoman Empire to the Scientific Revolution? a. They refused to believe any Europeans could make important discoveries. b. They recognized the greatness of European discoveries, but could not understand how to teach them. c. They adopted some of the more practical aspects, such as map-making and anatomy, but little beyond that. d. They embraced European science wholeheartedly.
C
20. Which of the following was NOT a way in which feminists achieved progress for women in the Atlantic world? a. Professionalizing traditional female occupations such as nursing and social work b. Mostly peaceful protest c. Violent revolution d. Forming trans-Atlantic feminist organizations
C
23. The Koran or Qur'an (A) is the book containing the holy scriptures of Zoroastrianism. (B) contained the guidelines by which a Hindu was to live. (C) was derived from the revelations of Muhammad. (D) means, literally, "acceptance." (E) was first written in 476 C.E.
C
24. The Hadith and Shari'a (A) were adopted, respectively, from Jewish and Christian writings. (B) were the "Pillars of Islam." (C) were, respectively, a collection of Muhammad's saying and a law code. (D) were, respectively, a law code and a marriage manual for Muslims. (E) was a military manual to be used in war against the Western Crusaders.
C
3. Why did some Native Americans aid the Spanish in their invasion of the New World? a. Payment in gold and jewels b. A desire to learn about European culture c. To gain an advantage against their own enemies d. No Native Americans helped the Spanish
C
3. _____ was the leader of the Akkadians who conquered the Sumerican city-states around 2340 B.C.E. (A) Hammurabi (B) Menes (C) Sargon (D) Ashurbanipal
C
33. Which of the following is NOT a valid observation about the ancient civilization of the Kush? (A) It was initially called Nubia. (B) Evidence suggests that it may have developed an agricultural kingdom before the Egyptians. (C) It spread its empire to the north by driving the Romans out of Egypt. (D) The discovery of iron ore at Meroë enabled the Kush to become a significant commercial force in the central African region. (E) It was a civilization that had its own language, a definite organization of governmental power and a high level or mercantile success.
C
38. The original reason for the rise of the kingdom of Ghana was (A) its water resources. (B) its rich silver deposits. (C) the middleman role it played in the gold trade between its neighbors who produced it and the Moroccans who distributed it to the Mediterranean world. (D) a possible explanation for its demise may have been its unsound environmental practices, such as overgrazing. (E) it had a significant role in the gold trade with the Swahili states.
C
4. What is one important way in which the French Revolution differed from the American Revolution? a. The French Revolution involved a dispute over money; the American Revolution involved a dispute over rights. b. The French Revolution involved racial tensions; the American Revolution did not. c. The French Revolution involved a conflict between segments of the French society and economy; the American Revolution involved a conflict between colonies and a distant imperial power. d. The French Revolution involved a conflict between colonies and a distant imperial power; the American Revolution involved sharp tensions within American society.
C
5. In what way did most Native Americans in the Andes and Mexico respond to the imposition of Christianity on their culture? a. They slaughtered the missionaries. b. They refused to pray or participate in services. c. The incorporated their older religious beliefs into Christian doctrine and practice. d. They embraced Christianity wholeheartedly.
C
5. Roman slaves (A) never rebelled, due to their fair treatment they received. (B) were never involved in agriculture but only in manufacturing enterprises. (C) staged a number of rebellions, the largest led by Spartacus in 71 B.C.E. (D) made up well over half the population of the empire. (E) received their freedom as reward for the military assistance at the battle of Actium.
C
6. Mercantilism, the guiding principle of most early colonial empires, meant a. encouraging more people to become merchants for the king or queen. b. recording the air temperatures of various parts of the empire. c. accumulating precious metals through exports from the colonies. d. keeping interest rates low in colonial banks so colonists could afford land.
C
6. What was the attitude of Japanese shoguns toward Christian Europeans in Japan in the early seventeenth century? a. They welcomed Europeans for their technological knowledge. b. They welcomed Europeans as teachers of Christianity, and converted. c. They violently expelled all but a few Europeans. d. They were opposed to Europeans, but knew they were powerless to keep Europeans out of Japan.
C
7. All of the following explain why Christianity did not catch on in China EXCEPT: a. Christianity offered little not already offered by Chinese religions. b. Conversion to Christianity was all-or-nothing, and ruled out much Chinese culture. c. Jesuits were viewed as superstitious and uneducated by Chinese intellectuals. d. Western military gains in Asia made many Chinese suspicious of missionaries.
C
7. Under the reigns of the five "good emperors" (A) the power of the senate increased. (B) nearly a century of chaos consumed Rome. (C) the range of responsibilties that were affected by the policies of the emperors increased. (D) public works construction decreased. (E) Rome gained control of the British Isles and the Arabian peninsula.
C
8. What impact did Napoleon Bonaparte have on the Revolution as leader of France from 1799 to 1814? a. He continued to radicalize the goals of the Revolution. b. He reversed most of the achievements of the Revolution. c. He preserved its moderate elements, but got rid of its more radical changes. d. He cared little for the Revolution one way or another.
C
8. Which of the following was NOT a factor in the emergence of silver as the currency of global trade in the sixteenth century? a. Skyrocketing Chinese demand for silver as a means for paying taxes. b. The proximity of the Spanish Philippines to China. c. The lack of any silver mines in Asia. d. The discover of vast silver mines in Bolivia.
C
9. The fladiatorial games (A) stimulated the construction of large indoor theaters throughout the empire. (B) required only limited public resources to finance the capture, transport, feeding and disposal of live and dead participants because many pious Romans made voluntary contributions. (C) diverted the mass of the population from potentially dangerous political or riotous activities. (D) were abolised by Augustus as detrimental to the traditional values of Roman society. (E) were entirely a non-Latin phenomena.
C
When did the Mongols conquer Kievan Russia? A) 1061 B) 1071 C) 1237 D) 1453 E) 1500
C) 1237
The capital of the Byzantine Empire and its commercial center was located at A) Rome. B) Nicaea. C) Constantinople. D) Baghdad. E) Athens
C) Constantinople.
The military force of the Byzantine Empire was A) recruited almost entirely from "barbarians" outside the empire's frontiers. B) a paid, professional army located in Constantinople. C) recruited from peasants of the empire in return for grants of heritable land. D) impermanent, only recruited for the few military crises of the empire. E) highly disciplined due to year-round training.
C) recruited from peasants of the empire in return for grants of heritable land.
Which of the following does NOT represent a similarity between the spread of civilization in eastern and western Europe? A) Civilization spread northward from a Mediterranean base. B) Animism gave way to monotheism. C) Northern kingdoms dominated both areas. D) In both cases newly civilized areas looked back to the Greco-Roman past. E) Christianity was spread in both cases.
C. Northern kingdoms dominated both areas.
Explain Byzantine political system
Caesaropapist. Heavily connected to Byzantine Christianity.
the office of the political and religious successor of Muhammad was called
Caliph
Geographical advantages for Byzantine Empire
Capital city was Constantinople, which was a port city located along Silk Road.
Brought the Byzantine Empire to and end
Capture of Constantinople
Which of the following was a result of the Ottoman Empire's policy toward the Christian population in southeastern Europe?
Christian communities enjoyed autonomy over their own affairs
Arians
Christians who believed Holy Trinity were 3 separate beings
Who built Constantinople?
Constantine
1. All of the following questions emerged from the ideas of the Atlantic Revolutions EXCEPT: a. Are liberty and equality compatible? b. What form of government best ensures freedom? c. Should liberty be given to all people in the nation? d. Should monarchs only be male?
D
10. All of the following differences existed between the British colonies and the Portuguese/Spanish colonies, EXCEPT: a. More racial interbreeding occurred in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies. b. British colonists were far more numerous than Spanish colonists. c. The British colonists sought to escape European traditions, while Spanish/Portuguese sought to recreate it in the Americas. d. The British colonization began a full 100 years before the Spanish/Portuguese colonization.
D
11. How was Wang Yangmin's Confucianism MOST similar to Martin Luther's Christianity? a. They lived during the same time period. b. They both sought to reform their respective religions. c. They both believed that an elite class should rule society. d. They both saw truth as innately accessible for every human being.
D
12. In what way did the Chinese response to the global silver economy differ from the Japanese response? a. The Chinese economy became diversified; the Japanese did not. b. Chinese merchants began exporting goods to other lands; Japan did not. c. Inflation destroyed the Chinese economy; but aided the Japanese economy. d. Economic changes resulted in ecological devastation in China, but not in Japan.
D
13. Which of the following was NOT an impact of the Haitian Revolution throughout the Atlantic world? a. Napoleon sold the Louisiana territory to the United States. b. The dawning movement to abolish slavery got a strong boost. c. Slave owners and whites were filled with fear and trepidation. d. Similar slave insurrections spread throughout the Atlantic world, including Brazil, Jamaica, and Louisiana.
D
13. Why did Sikhism evolve from a peaceful religion into a militant community? a. Violence was more effective at gaining converts. b. Punjab, where Sikhism was founded, was torn apart by a civil war. c. The British military trained them to be militants. d. They had to defend themselves against both Mughal and Hindu hostility.
D
14. Which of the One Hundred schools of Chinese thought believed that only a strong ruler could keep order in society since man's basic nature was corrupt? (A) Daoism (B) Confucianism (C) Mencius (D) Legalism
D
15. All of the following were reforms in the Qin dynasty, EXCEPT, (A) standardized weights and measures (B) harsh penal code (C) direct taxation of peasant by the state (D) private commerce and manufacturing expanded.
D
16. Which of the following arguments made the cause of abolition widely acceptable in the nineteenth century? a. Slavery was immoral. b. Slavery was not condoned in the Bible. c. Slavery benefited Portuguese slave traders too much. d. Slavery was no longer necessary for a strong economy.
D
17. If one were to compare the socieities of the Aztec and the Maya, the best characterization of that comparison would be that (A) Mayan society was warlike, unlike that of the Aztecs, which was peaceful. (B) Mayan society was predominantly urban and the Aztec society was rural. (C) Aztec society was predominantly rural and the Mayan society was urban. (D) both were agricultural societies that had substantial urban populations. (E) Aztec society lacked a written script.
D
18. Which of the following groups did NOT experience strong nationalist movements in the nineteenth century? a. Czechs b. Hungarians c. Jews d. Christians
D
18. Which of the following is NOT a reason that black Africans were ideal as slaves from the European point of view? a. Their immune systems could handle both tropical and European diseases. b. They came from a largely agricultural society. c. West Africa was relatively close to Brazil and the Caribbean by sea. d. Europeans could easily venture into the African interior to capture them.
D
19. During the Greek Dark Age, some Greeks moved to settle in the area of Asia Minor known as (A) Lesbos. (B) Dorian. (C) Aeolia. (D) Ionia.
D
2. Roman imperialism was characterized by (A) a desire to improve the economies of conquered peoples. (B) unsuccessful diplomatic moves. (C) pure accident and fate. (D) strategic fortification, road construction, and allied military support. (E) the successful employment of the phalanx.
D
2. Which of the following is (are) consequences of the Neolithic revolution? (A) People settled in towns. (B) Communities began to engage in trade. (C) A division of labor developed. (D) All of the above.
D
2. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the Portuguese Empire's steep decline in the Indian Ocean by 1600? a. It was overextended. b. Certain powers, such the Mughals and Japanese, resisted Portuguese control. c. They were heavily outnumbered in their outposts. d. The Spanish ousted the Portuguese from Asian waters.
D
2. Which of the following was NOT a motivation for Europeans to expand into the Americas? a. To cut out Muslim intermediaries from trade with Asia b. To spread Christianity c. To escape religious and ethnic persecution within Europe d. To flee from repeated Asian and Muslim invasions.
D
22. Which of the following best describes the Greek term "polis"? (A) citizens with political rights (B) a community of citizens in which all economic, political, social and cultural activities are focused (C) all citizens who possessed fundamental rights and responsibilities (D) all of the above
D
25. The Five Pillars of Islam included all of the following EXCEPT (A) prayer. (B) fasting during the month of Ramadan. (C) making a pilgrimage to Mecca. (D) taking part in a jihad against the infidels. (E) give alms to the poor and unfortunate.
D
26. The theoretical purpose of the jihad was to (A) maintain peak military readiness. (B) wage holy war against all other Muslims on the Arabian peninsula. (C) broaden Muslim hegemony throughout Africa and Europe. (D) strive in the way of the Lord. (E) massacre all Jews and Christians.
D
27. Which of the following is true of the Sophists? (A) They were wandering scholars. (B) They believed understanding of the universe was beyond human capability. (C). They believed there was no absolute right or wrong. (D) All of the above.
D
3. Members of the aristocratic governing class in Rome were known as the (A) hoplites. (B) Gracchi. (C) Latins. (D) patricians. (E) plebs.
D
3. What kind of wholesale social transformation followed in the wake of the American Revolution? a. Land was taken from wealthy landowners and redistributed to the poor farmers. b. Slaves were given freedom. c. Women were given total equality. d. None; the elites within the colonies remained in power.
D
32. The geographical obstacle which divides Africa's northern coast from the rest of the continent (A) is the Niger River. (B) is the Nile River. (C) are the atlas Mountains. (D) is the Sahara Desert. (E) is the Kalahari Desert.
D
37. The family of languages spoken by people who inhabit the region of the west central Africa south of the Sahara Desert is (A) Kalaharian. (B) Nok. (C) Swahili. (D) Bantu. (E) Khoisan.
D
4. Hammurabi is most known for (A) conquering the Persians. (B) developing an alphabet. (C) defeating the Amorites. (D) developing a code of law.
D
5. Whom did the "Third Estate" of the Estates-General represent? a. The clergy b. The nobility c. The king d. The 98% of the population not in the clergy, nobility, or royal family
D
6. Julius Caesar (A) was a member of the Second Triumvirate. (B) defeated Octavian's army and obtained the title of dictator, then dictator for life. (C) saw the need for change and strengthened the Senate's power. (D) was assassinated by a number of leading senators. (E) all of the above
D
6. Which of the following best characterizes the course that the French Revolution followed between 1789 and 1794? a. Sudden radical change followed by a peaceful period of negotiation b. Chaos, terror, and extreme bloodletting from beginning to end c. Long periods of calm punctuated by sudden violent outbursts d. Increasing radicalization and use of violence by revolutionaries
D
6. Which of the following best describes the behavior of the Jesuits in China? a. They attempted to wipe out all non-Christian religious temples, idols, and priests. b. They kept to themselves, observing at a distance. c. They began preaching the gospel to the poor and downtrodden. d. They learned about and adopted much Chinese culture and learning
D
7. Why was there such a large mestizo (mixed Spanish and Native American) population in South and Central America? a. Lack of available birth control in Native American society b. Bonuses given by the Spanish government to Spanish colonists who sired children c. Policy of mass rape on behalf of Spanish authorities against Native American women d. Enormous gender imbalance among early Spanish settlers
D
8. Chandragupta Maurya ruled (A). a highly centralized empire. (B) a loosely federated kingdom. (C) with a large army and secret police force. (D) both A and C.
D
8. How did Europeans commonly react to African slaves' syncretic religions, such as Santeria and Vodou? a. They encouraged these religions. b. They turned a blind eye to these religions. c. They often participated in these religions. d. They considered these religions to be satanic witchcraft and tried to suppress them.
D
9. How did Napoleon spread the seeds of the French Revolution across Europe and Russia? a. Through a massive propaganda campaign b. By calling a meeting of all European monarchs c. By ignoring other nations and focusing only on France. d. By conquering most of Europe and instituting reforms similar to those in France
D
What people provided the most serious challenge to Byzantine authority in the Balkan peninsula? A) The Magyars B) The Huns C) The Russians D) The Arab Muslims E) The Bulgars
D) The Arab Muslims
under the Umayyads, the political center of Islam shifted to
Damascus
Which of the following offered Christian men a means of upward mobility within the Ottoman Empire?
Devshirme
Which of the following represents Justinian's greatest achievements? A) The rebuilding of Rome B) The conquest of Gaul C) The establishment of Eastern Orthodoxy as the official state religion D) The banning of prostitution within the Byzantine Empire E) Systematizing of the Roman legal code
E) Systematizing of the Roman legal code
Characterizes the spread of Christianity
Earlier cultural practices were absorbed
Describes a feature of Byzantine state
Emperor claimed to be God
The strongest presence of Christianity for 500 to 1300 was in
Ethiopia
Which of the following describes the role Europe played in the early modern world?
European expansion to the Americas created new networks of interaction
A.D. 1453
Fall of Byzantine Empire
System emerged that emphasized the reciprocal ties
Feudalism
One of the military technological achievements of the Byzantine Empire was the invention of __________, a weapon used against the Arab fleets.
Greek Fire
Hagia Sophia
Greek Orthodox basilica
Images of religious figures that became objects of veneration in Byzantine Christianity were __________.
Icons
Evidence of the expansion and growth of European civilization
Increase in long distance trade
How did silver from the mines of Mexico and Peru affect international commerce?
It enabled Europeans to buy Chinese tea, silk and porcelain
Example of how Christianity was reinterpreted
Jesus sutras
The Byzantine emperor __________ was responsible for the attempted reconstruction of the political unity of the ancient Roman Empire.
Justinian
Which of the following describes slavery in Latin America?
Large-scale importation of new slaves continued into the nineteenth freedom
Comparison to Byzantium, Latin Christendom
Localized society
Which of the following contributed to the great dying in the Americas?
Native Americans' lack of immunity to European and African diseases
From whom did the Eastern Roman empire face threats?
Normans
Kiev
Nucleus of early Russian development.
The form of Christianity that developed in Byzantium and spread to Russia and the Balkans was referred to as __________ Christianity.
Orthodox christianity
Byzantine Empire did the new civilization of Kieran Rus adopt
Political ideas
A.D. 1054
Pope and patriarch excommunicated each other.
A.D. 800
Pope posed direct challenge to Byzantine emperor by giving Frankish king the imperial crown.
What contributed to higher literacy rates in the British colonies in North America than in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies in Latin America?
Protestantism, which was practiced by most British colonists, encouraged reading the Bible for oneself
the dominant tribe that controlled Mecca
Quraysh
Which of the following policies contributed to the growth of Hindu opposition to Mughal rule by the late seventeenth century?
Reinstatement of the jizya
Which of the following describes a feature of Qing China's policy toward its possessions in central Asia?
Respect for the different cultures of the region
Which of the following motivated Europeans to venture across the Atlantic Ocean?
Rivalries between competing European states
Relationship between politics and religion in Western Empire
Rulers provided protection
Methodius and Cyril
Saints. Greek. Brothers. Spread Christianity to Slavs.
Which of the following dominated the agricultural economy in British North America?
Small-scale independent farmers working their own land
which of the following areas was not affected by Islam in the millennium after 600 CE
South America
Long term impact of the Crusades
Spain, Sicily and Baltic
Contributed to the decline of Christianity
Spread of Islam
what group was responsible for the conversion of many Indians to Islam
Sufi mystics
In 1236, a large force of Mongols, called by the Russians __________, captured the major Russian cities.
Tatars
In the conflict between the Islamic and Christian worlds, which event in the fifteenth century signaled that the Islamic world held the upper hand?
The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople
In which of the following empires did the process of expansion occur at the same time that a distinctive state was taking shape?
The Russian Empire
Which of the following was an outcome of the establishment of European empires in the Americas?
The emergence of an Atlantic world connecting four continents
Which of the following is an example of the Columbian Exchange?
The introduction of corn and potatoes into the Afro-Eurasian diet
Which of the following was a reason that Portugal, Spain, France, and Britain were the first to expand into the New World?
These lands were on the Atlantic coast and were closer to the Americas
How did many Native Americans in MesoAmerica and Peru respond to Spanish missionaries' efforts to convert them to Catholicism?
They blended their old customs into Catholic practices
How did Chinese and Russian expansion into Central Asia affect the nomadic peoples inhabiting the steppe lands?
They no longer enjoyed political independence and economic prosperity
Why did some Native Americans aid the Spanish in their initial invasion of the New World?
To gain an advantage against their own enemies
Contributed to the split of Roman catholic and Orthodox
Veneration of icons
In 1204, a crusade led by __________ merchants conquered Byzantium and temporarily unseated the Byzantine emperor.
Venetian
The Russian ruler credited with converting the country to Christianity was __________.
Vladimir I
Civilization was the rationalism and secularism of Greek
Western Europe
Economic growth and urbanization
Women practiced trades
The Mughal ruler Akbar favored policies that promoted
a cosmopolitan and hybrid Indian-Persian-Turkic culture
Which of the following policies reflects mercantilist thinking?
accumulating precious metals
The colonial economy of the Spanish Empire in former Aztec and Inca lands was
based on commercial agriculture and mining
the Arabic camel nomads were referred to as
bedouin
Justinian's most important political achievement
codification of Roman laws
Islam recognized Jews, Christians, and Zorastrians as people of the book. this gave them status as ___ as long as they paid a special tax known as ___
dhimmis, jizya
bezant
gold coin used in the Byzantine Empire
the emigration to Yathrib, an enormous turning point in the early days of Islam was referred to as the
hirja
Emperor Leo III
iconoclasm
caesaropapism
political system in which the head of state has authority over the church and all religious matters.
What did the introduction of domesticated animals into the Americas make possible?
ranching economies
In contrast to the Portuguese and Spanish colonists in Latin America, British colonists in North America
sought to escape rather than re-create European traditions in the Americas
Theme system
technique used to provide troops for the Byzantine army
what was the Ka'ab
the religious shrine that was the focus of an annual truce
Which of the following distinguished the empires of Western Europe from other empires
they were initiated by maritime expansion
Which of the following was a reason Russia expanded beginning in the sixteenth century?
to secure its borders from attack
the Muslim community that emerged to untie Arab society was called the
umma
which of the following is NOT among the "five pillars" of Islam
war
Greek Fire
weapon used by Byzantine empire. Liquid fire, could be burned on water, used in naval battles to destroy ships.