POLS 229 Chapter 8

Which of the following are key players in the modern campaign?

- pollsters - media consultants - fundraising specialists - campaign consultants - All of these answers are correct.

Television first appeared as a tool for campaign ads during the

1950s

Ticket splitting was most recently prominent during which decade?

1970s

Abraham Lincoln was first elected in 1860 with ________ of the popular vote

40 percent

It is relatively rare for a party nominee to get less than ________ of the partisan vote in a presidential or a congressional race.

80 percent

What party has made big gains in recent decades among white fundamentalist Christians, based on its positions on topics like abortion and school prayer?

Republican

On average, how much money must a U.S. senator raise every week of his or her six-year term in order to acquire enough to launch a competitive bid for reelection?

$20,000

During the 20th century, American parties lost their exclusive control over

- nominations. - campaign financing. - candidate platforms. - the staffing of government jobs. - All of these answers are correct.

Political parties serve to

- offer citizens a choice in the direction of their government. - allow a coalition of common interests join together for a political purpose. - offer the public a choice between policies and leaders. - bring numerous candidates for office under a common label. - All of these answers are correct.

The election of ________ was a realigning election.

1932

Which of the following groups is most closely aligned with the Democratic Party, voting more than 80 percent Democratic in presidential elections?

African Americans

________ lost the 1964 presidential election in large part because his views were seen as too extreme.

Barry Goldwater

A candidate for which minor party in 1912 managed to earn more votes than one of his major party opponents?

Bull Moose

The Democratic Party's long-time regional stronghold, "the Solid South," stemmed from a realignment during which historical period?

Civil War era

_______ was the only Republican elected president from 1932 to 1964.

Dwight Eisenhower

_______ warned Americans of the "baneful effects" of factions (political parties) in his 1797 farewell address.

George Washington

Which of the following is an example of a single-issue party?

Greenback Party

Political parties in the United States originated partly as a political feud between

Hamilton and Jefferson

Which demographic is in particular key to the future of both parties?

Hispanic voters

Which voting demographic, despite being conservative on issues such as abortion and same-sex marriage, sides heavily with the Democratic Party?

Hispanics

________, a Populist, won six western states in the presidential election of 1892.

James B. Weaver

_______ is associated with the Era of Good Feeling.

James Monroe

All of the following use top-two primaries EXCEPT

New York

Which of the following is true of political campaigns and party politics in the United States?

Party organizations are less powerful than they used to be in part because of the rise of television advertising.

What was especially unusual about the "Era of Good Feeling"?

President Monroe ran unopposed in 1820.

The issue of slavery gave birth to the ________ Party as a major political party.

Republican

In 1992, ________ won 19 percent of the popular vote in the presidential election.

Ross Perot

The most recent party realignment had a realigning election in ________.

The most recent party realignment had no single realigning election.

What condition must be met if a PAC spends money to support a particular candidacy?

The spending effort cannot be coordinated with the candidate.

What does it mean when the text suggests that parties are "linkage institutions"?

They connect citizens with government.

All of the following are characteristic of a party realignment EXCEPT

a very close electoral result.

Local party organizations

are still important, but their role in congressional, statewide, or presidential campaigns is secondary to that of candidates.

James Carville and Roger Ailes are both examples of

campaign strategists who have earned legendary reputations.

Prospective voting is characterized by

choices based on what candidates promise to do if elected.

Which of the following was NOT part of the Republican Party platform in the 2018 midterm elections?

cuts in military spending

In 20th-century American history, the most important minor parties were ________ parties.

factional

Andrew Jackson's contribution to the development of political parties was the

formation of a new type of grassroots party organization.

Which of the following groups is NOT typically a part of the Democratic coalition?

fundamentalist christians

National party organizations can dictate the day-to-day decisions of

neither local nor state party organizations.

Negative television campaign ads

now constitute the largest share of political ads.

If a minor party gains a large following, it is almost certain that

one or both major parties will absorb its issues, and the minor party will lose support

The main reason for the high cost of American political campaigns is the cost of

paying for television ads.

The winner-take-all system is also known as the ________ system.

plurality

The history of democratic government is virtually synonymous with the history of

political parties

Which of the following was NOT part of the Democratic Party platform in the 2018 midterm elections?

privatizing social security

________ representation systems are those in which seats in the legislature are allocated according to each political party's share of the popular vote.

proportional

At the state level the central committees

provide only general guidance for the state organizations.

A(n) ________ party is a minor party that bases its appeal on the claim that partisan politics is having a corrupting influence on government and policy.

reform

________ is based on judgment about the past performance of an elected official or political party.

retrospective voting

The first American political parties emerged from the conflict between

small farmers and states' rights advocates, and those favoring commercial and wealthy interests.

Regarding state party organizations, the day-to-day operation is usually the responsibility of the

state chairperson

Which of the following is an indication of strong party loyalty?

straight-ticket voting

The principal medium for election politics is

television

The most obvious sign of the party realignment of recent decades has been the strong tendency of

the South to vote Republican.

_______ does NOT have a competitive multiparty system.

the United States

Which of the following represents the greatest blow to the organizational strength of U.S. parties?

the direct primary

Negative campaigning in presidential elections was first used in

the early years of the country.

The major reason for the persistence of the American two-party system is

the existence of single-member election districts.

Some analysts predict that soon the most important medium of election politics will be

the internet

About 95 percent of all political activists in the United States work at

the local level

Democrats and Republicans have endured as the two major U.S. parties primarily due to

their ability to adapt to changing circumstances.

Proportional representation systems encourage the formation of smaller parties by enabling parties to

win legislative seats even though they do not receive a majority of votes in elections.

What demographic is most likely to support the new party during a major party realignment?

younger voters