Power Standard Two
Cholesterol
A waxy, fatlike substance that is found only in animal products.
What 3 nutrients provide the body with energy
Carbs, Fats, and Proteins can all be used by the body as energy sources.
Hydrogenation
Chemical process that turns vegetable oils into solids
Sterols are also known as...
Cholesterol
3 functions of fiber are...
Helps prevent constipation May reduce the risk of colon cancer May help prevent heart disease
Monosaccharides
Sugar with single-unit chemical structure.
Simple carbohydrates are also known as...
Sugars
Added sugars
Sugars that are extracted from plants and used to sweeten foods
Essential Amino Acids
The amino acids your body needs, but cannot produce
Teens need what percentage of their calories from protein?
10-30%
What percentage of your calories should come from fat?
20 to 35%
Teens should consume how many grams of fiber?
26 to 38 grams of fiber a day
What percentage of our calories should come from carbohydrates?
45-65 percent
Metabolism
The chemical process by which your body breaks down food to release its energy
Visible Fat
The visible white portions around and through meat are fat.
Unseen Fat
These fats are part of the food's chemical composition.
Unsaturated fatty acid
When a fatty acid is missing hydrogen.
Non-Essential Amino Acids
Your body can make many amino acids for itself
Fiber
a type of complex carbohydrate that is found in plants
Complete proteins can be found in...
animal products and soy
6 Classes of Nutrients
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water
2 classes of carbohydrates
simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates
Nutrients
substances that the body needs to regulate bodily functions, promote growth, repair body tissues, and obtain energy
The primary function of protein is...
the growth and repair of your body's tissues
HDL
(High Density Lipoprotein) - Picks up excess cholesterol and takes it back to the liver for excretion, keeping the cholesterol from harming the body.
LDL
(Low Density Lipoprotein) - Takes cholesterol from the liver to wherever else in the body it is needed.
5 functions of fat are...
Fat helps the body absorb vitamins A, D, E, and K. Body fat serves as a reserve energy supply. Body fat cushions and protects the heart and other vital organs. A layer of body fat underneath the skin provides insulation for warmth. Fat is a component of every cell membrane.
Triglycerides are also known as...
Fats
Fatty acids
Fats made from chemical structures
Saturated fatty acid
Fatty acids that contains all the hydrogen it can chemically hold.
Disaccharides
Formed when two monosaccharides (single sugars) combine chemically.
Incomplete proteins can be found in...
Grains and many vegetables
The 5 functions of proteins are...
Growth and maintenance, Enzymes, Hormones, Antibodies, Fluid Balance
Trans Fat
Increases LDL cholesterol levels in the blood and may lower HDL cholesterol.
Saturated fat
Made up primarily of saturated fatty acids.
Unsaturated fat
Made up primarily of unsaturated fatty acids.
Primary functions of carbohydrates
Nutrient that supplies the body with energy.
Incomplete Proteins
Protein foods that are missing one or more essential amino acids
Complete Proteins
Protein foods that provide all needed essential amino acids
___________ fats are "bad" fats are solid at room temperature.
Saturated Fats
Amino Acids
Small units that are chemically bound together to form proteins.
Complex carbohydrates are also known as...
Startches
Calorie
Unit for the amount of energy released when nutrients are broken down.
___________ fats are "good" fats and are liquid at room temperature.
Unsaturated Fats
Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Unsaturated fatty acid with 2 or more hydrogen units missing.
