PPCT chapter 2

how long will a stun last?

3-7 seconds

What is reaction time?

The mental process of perceiving a stimulus, analyzing and evaluating the stimulus, and then initiating the appropriate physical response

PPCT definition of Motor Dysfunction

a control striking technique that overstimulates motor nerves, resulting in a temporary muscle impairment - in layman's terms, it it nothing more than a severe Charley horse that may last from 30 seconds to several minutes

Hick's Law

a motor learning and reaction time principle; a law that states that reaction time increases by approximately 150 milliseconds when the response option technique increase from one to two; a law of human performance stating that RT will increase logarithmically as the number of stimulus-response choices increases

what is the average length of any Distraction Technique?

about 3 seconds

Intermediate weapon

application/use of any weapon/object that is not part of the human body to control resistance or an assault

Hard Empty Hand Control

designed to control Active Aggression but can be used to control Defensive Resistance when lower forms of control will fail, when officer believes lower forms of control will fail; techniques that have a probability of causing injury like strikes or takedowns, etc.

what does a strike using the Fluid Shock Wave Principle generate?

it generates a specific type of kinetic energy transfer that results in a Motor Dysfunction

The PPCT Resistance / Control Continuum is divided into two parts what are they

levels of resistance and levels of control

Passive Actions

most resistance is low level in nature; acts in the form of dead weight or locking of the arms to the front or side of the assailant to prevent handcuffing appear to be the most common forms of resistance

Total Control Theory

normally associated with a training system centered upon the use of an intermediate weapon (i.e. baton, side-handle baton, chemical agent or electrical control device); this theory allows a specific type of tool to be used to control levels of resistance

Levels of Resistance

psychological intimidation (non-verbal cues indicating subject's attitude, appearance, physical readiness), verbal noncompliance (any verbal response indicating subject unwillingness), passive resistance (any type of resistance where the subject does not attempt to defeat the officer), defensive resistance (any action by a subject that attempts to prevent an officer from gaining control), active aggression (physical actions against an officer with less than deadly force) and deadly force assault

the three PPCT Components of Acceptability

tactical acceptability, legal acceptability and medical acceptability

soft empty hand control

techniques that have a minimal chance of causing injury like like a control hold or escort position; designed to control Passive or Defensive Resistance

Survival Time

the amount of time between perceiving a threat cue and initiating the physical response

PPCT definition of Reactionary Gap

the minimum safe zone that an officer should maintain when dealing with others; the minimum safe distance from a subject should be at least 6 feet

One-Plus-One Theory

the most conservative use of force theory, based upon the concept of responding to resistance with proportional use of force; this theory advocates that officers can use one level of force higher than the level of resistance used by the subject

PPCT definition of Stunning

the stimulation of overwhelming sensory input that is sudden, intense and unexpected

PPCT definition of Balance Displacement

the use of control techniques that displace balance through the principles of leverage

PPCT definition of Distraction Technique

the use of control techniques that weaken motor action by changing the thought process

PPCT definition for Pain Compliance

the use of the stimulus pain to control resistive behavior

Levels of Control

Officer Presence, Verbal Direction, Soft Empty Hands, Hard Empty Hands, Intermediate Weapons, and Deadly Force

Officer Presence/Verbal Direction

identification of police officer's authority; commands of direction or arrest

Resistance during handcuffing procedure

occurs immediately after the first handcuff was applied; a direct correlation between this type of resistance and alcohol factor

Active Aggression

officers encounter this type of resistance the least in arrest situations

what is the key to using Pain Compliance techniques?

understanding that the principle works on a punishment/reward control

Escort Resistance Resistance

usually in the form of Passive or Defensive Resistance; resistance during the arrest procedure or upon contact; the assailant will normally respond with resistance in the form of a Side Curl or a Straight arm lock-out