prep u chapter 57

A client presents at the testing center for an intravenous pyelogram. What question should the nurse ask to ensure the safety of the client?

"Do you have any allergies?"

While reviewing a client's chart, the nurse notes the client has been experiencing enuresis. To assess whether this remains an ongoing problem for the client, the nurse asks which question?

"Do you urinate while sleeping?"

A nurse is collecting a health history on a client who's to undergo a renal angiography. Which statement by the client should be the priority for the nurse to address?

"I'm allergic to shellfish."

When fluid intake is normal, the specific gravity of urine should be:

1.010 to 1.025

A 24-hour urine collection is scheduled to begin at 8:00 am. When should the nurse initiate the procedure?

After discarding the 8:00 am specimen

The nurse is performing a focused genitourinary and renal assessment of a client. Where should the nurse assess for pain at the costovertebral angle?

At the lower border of the 12th rib and the spine

The nurse is reviewing the electronic health record of a client with a history of incontinence. The nurse reads that the health care provider assessed the client's deep tendon reflexes. What condition of the urinary/renal system does this assessment address?

Bladder dysfunction

The nurse discusses a care plan with a male patient who is to be discharged after a biopsy. He is instructed to maintain limited activity and report signs of systemic infection, urinary tract infection, or bleeding. Which additional instructions should the nurse include in the care plan?

Complete the prophylactic antibiotic therapy.

Diagnostic testing of an adult client reveals renal glycosuria. The nurse should recognize the need for the client to be assessed for what health problem?

Diabetes mellitus

Following a voiding cystogram, the client has a nursing diagnosis of risk for infection related to the introduction of bacterial following manipulation of the urinary tract. An appropriate nursing intervention for the client is to:

Encourage high fluid intake.

Which substance stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells?

Erythropoietin

A nurse, when caring for a client, notes that the specific gravity of the client's urine is low. What could have led to the low specific gravity of urine?

Excess fluid intake

A nurse is working with a client who will undergo invasive urologic testing. The nurse has informed the client that slight hematuria may occur after the testing is complete. The nurse should recommend what action to help resolve hematuria?

Increased fluid intake following the test

The nurse is caring for a client who is going to have an open renal biopsy. What nursing action should the nurse prioritize when preparing this client for the procedure?

Keep the client NPO prior to the procedure.

The nurse cares for a client with a right-arm arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for hemodialysis treatments. Which nursing action is contraindicated?

Obtaining a blood pressure reading from the right arm

Which term best describes a total urine output less than 500 mL in 24 hours?

Oliguria

Retention of which electrolyte is the most life-threatening effect of renal failure?

Potassium

A 30-year-old client presents to the clinic for an employment physical. The nurse notes protein in the client's urine. The nurse understands that transient proteinuria can be caused by which factor(s)? Select all that apply.

Prolonged standing Fever Strenuous exercise

A client with recurrent urinary tract infections has just undergone a cystoscopy and reports slight hematuria during the first void after the procedure. What is the nurse's most appropriate action?

Reassure the client that this is not unexpected and then monitor the client for further bleeding.

Which of the following is an age-related change associated with the renal system?

Renal arteries thicken

The nephrons are the functional units of the kidney, responsible for the initial formation of urine. The nurse knows that damage to the area of the kidney where the nephrons are located will affect urine formation. Identify that area.

Renal cortex

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Renin

The nurse is reviewing the client's urinalysis results. The finding that is most suggestive of dehydration of the client is:

Specific gravity 1.035

The nurse is caring for a client who had a brush biopsy 12 hours ago. The presence of what assessment finding should prompt the nurse to notify the physician?

Temperature 37.9°C (100.2°F) orally

Which nursing assessment finding indicates the client has not met expected outcomes?

The client voids 75 cc four hours post cystoscopy.

The nurse is educating a patient about preparation for an IV urography. What should the nurse be sure to include in the preparation instructions?

The patient may have liquids before the test.

The nurse performs acute intermittent peritoneal dialysis (PD) on a client who is experiencing uremic signs and symptoms. The peritoneal fluid is not draining as expected. What is the best response by the nurse?

Turn the client from side to side.

A client in a short-procedure unit is recovering from renal angiography in which a femoral puncture site was used. When providing postprocedure care, the nurse should:

check the client's pedal pulses frequently.

Although the primary function of the urinary system is the transport of urine, the kidneys perform several functions. Which is NOT a function of the kidneys?

excreting protein

A client is having a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test. BUN level is:

increased in renal disease and urinary obstruction.

A client is reporting hematuria, or the presence of red blood cells in the urine. What is not a cause of hematuria?

lithium toxicity

A client reports having to get up frequently to void in the night, or nocturia. What is not a probable cause of his problem?

neurogenic bladder

A client with a history of bladder retention hasn't voided for 8 hours. A nurse concerned that the client is retaining urine notifies the physician. He orders a bladder ultrasonic scan and placement of an indwelling catheter if the residual urine is greater than 350 mL. The nurse knows that using the bladder ultrasonic scan to measure residual urine instead of placing a straight catheter reduces the risk of:

microorganism transfer.

A nursing student asks the nurse why older adults are at risk for renal disease. The best response by the nurse is:

"The glomerular filtration rate decreases as we age."

Which value does the nurse recognize as the best clinical measure of renal function?

Creatinine clearance

Which term describes painful or difficult urination?

Dysuria

A kidney biopsy has been scheduled for a client with a history of acute kidney injury. The client asks the nurse why this test has been scheduled. What is the nurse's best response?

"A biopsy is sometimes necessary for diagnosing and evaluating the extent of kidney disease."

When fluid intake is normal, the specific gravity of urine should be which of the following?

1.010 to 1.025.

A patient has an increase in blood osmolality when the nurse reviews the laboratory work. What can this increase indicate for the patient?

ADH stimulation

A client is reporting genitourinary pain shortly after returning to the unit from a scheduled cystoscopy. What intervention should the nurse perform?

Apply moist heat to the client's lower abdomen.

A client undergoes dialysis as a part of treatment for kidney failure, and is administered heparin during dialysis to achieve therapeutic levels. Which step should the nurse take to allow heparin to be metabolized and excreted in the client?

Avoid administering injections for 2 to 4 hours after heparin administration.

The nurse is providing preprocedure teaching about an ultrasound. The nurse informs the client that in preparation for an ultrasound of the lower urinary tract the client will require what?

Increased fluid intake to produce a full bladder

During a routine assessment, the client states; "I wake up all night long to go the bathroom." The nurse documents this finding as which condition?

Nocturia

A nurse is caring for a 73-year-old client with a urethral obstruction related to prostatic enlargement. When planning this client's care, the nurse should be aware of the risk of what complication?

Urinary tract infection

A client is scheduled for a renal arteriogram. When the nurse checks the chart for allergies to shellfish or iodine, she finds no allergies recorded. The client is unable to provide the information. During the procedure, the nurse should be alert for which finding that may indicate an allergic reaction to the dye used during the arteriogram?

Pruritus

Which of the following is the most accurate indicator of fluid loss or gain?

Weight

The nurse is giving discharge instructions to the client following a bladder ultrasound. Which statement by the client indicates the client understands the instructions?

"I can resume my usual activities without restriction."

The nurse is providing instructions to the client prior to an intravenous pyelogram. Which statement by the client indicates teaching was effective?

"I will feel a warm sensation as the dye is injected."

A client is undergoing diagnostics due to a significant drop in renal output. The physician has scheduled an angiography. What postprocedural assessment will the nurse perform on the client?

All options are correct.

A patient has undergone a renal biopsy. After the test, while the patient is resting, the patient complains of severe pain in the back, arms, and shoulders. Which of the following appropriate nursing interventions should be offered by the nurse?

Asses the patient's back and shoulder areas for signs of internal bleeding.

Following a renal biopsy, a client reports severe pain in the back, the arms, and the shoulders. Which intervention should be offered by the nurse?

Assess the patient's back and shoulder areas for signs of internal bleeding.

The nurse is assessing a client's bladder by percussion. The nurse elicits dullness after the client has voided. How should the nurse interpret this assessment finding?

The client's bladder is not completely empty.

A 24-year-old patient was admitted to the emergency room after a water skiing accident. The X-rays revealed two fractured vertebrae, T-12 and L1. Based on this information, the nurse would know to perform which of the following actions?

Check the patient's urine for hematuria.

The nurse is caring for a client with a history of sickle cell anemia. The nurse understands that this predisposes the client to which renal or urologic disorder?

Chronic kidney disease

A creatinine clearance test is ordered for a client with possible renal insufficiency. The nurse must collect which serum concentration midway through the 24-hour urine collection?

Creatinine

A patient is being seen in the clinic for possible kidney disease. What major sensitive indicator of kidney disease does the nurse anticipate the patient will be tested for?

Creatinine clearance level

A geriatric nurse is performing an assessment of body systems on an 85-year-old client. The nurse should be aware of what age-related change affecting the renal or urinary system?

Decreased glomerular filtration rate

A nurse is preparing a client diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) for a lower urinary tract cystoscopic examination. The nurse should caution the client about what common temporary complication of this procedure?

Urinary retention

The nurse is caring for a client with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus who has been recently diagnosed with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The client has an elevated phosphorus level and has been prescribed calcium acetate to bind the phosphorus. The nurse should teach the client to take the prescribed medication at what time?

With each meal

An older adult's most recent laboratory findings indicate a decrease in creatinine clearance. When performing an assessment related to potential causes, the nurse should:

confirm all of the medications and supplements normally taken.

A client is experiencing some secretion abnormalities, for which diagnostics are being performed. Which substance is typically reabsorbed and not secreted in urine?

glucose

The nurse is caring for a client after a cystoscopic examination. Following the procedure, the nurse informs the client that which effect may occur?

Blood-tinged urine

The nurse is completing a routine urinalysis using a dipstick. The test reveals an increased specific gravity. The nurse should suspect which condition?

Decreased fluid intake

A client with a history of incontinence will undergo urodynamic testing in the health care provider's office. Because voiding in the presence of others can cause situational anxiety, the nurse should perform what action?

Help the client to relax before and during the test.

Regulation of electrolyte balance is a management goal for patients suffering from renal disease. Which of the following lab results is considered the most life-threatening effect of renal failure?

Hyperkalemia

A client has been asked to provide a clean-catch midstream urine specimen. It is important that the instructions are clear and that things are done in the proper order. Select the proper sequence of events for obtaining a specimen from a client.

Wash hands and remove the lid from the specimen container without touching the inside of the lid. Open the antiseptic towelette package and cleanse the urethral area. Begin voiding into the toilet. Void 30 to 50 mL of the midstream urine into the collection container, taking care not to contaminate the container. Carefully replace the lid, dry the container if necessary, and wash hands.

The nurse is assigned to care for a patient in the oliguric phase of kidney failure. When does the nurse understand that oliguria is said to be present?

When the urine output is less than 30 mL/h