PrepU Questions
Which form of hepatitis is asymptomatic in many individuals and often becomes chronic?
Hep C
A condition marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function for which no organic cause can be determined is termed:
IBS
Abdominal pain with alternating constipation and diarrhea, heartburn, abdominal distention, back pain and weakness are characteristics of:
IBS
The most frequently occurring lower GI disorder in the United States is
IBS
The electrical stimulation that utilizes two separate generators and a quadripolar electrode arrangement to produce two simultaneous AC electrical currents acting on the tissues is:
IFC
Which of the following routes of administration has these advantages: instantaneous/complete absorption, rapid onset (10-15 seconds), controlled dosage, and allows administration of large volumes of fluid?
IV/IA
Which of the following statements pertaining to range of motion is true?
If no pain is present during passive motion but is present during active motion, injury to contractile tissue is involved.
Which of the following is an adverse effect of tetrahydrocannabinol?
Impaired motor coordination Decreased short-term memory Tachycardia
Which of the following are possible side effects of corticosteroids?
Increase or decrease in appetite Dizziness Restlessness Facial or body hair growth GI irritation Skin irritation
A 22-year-old volleyball player has had a sore throat, low-grade fever, swollen glands, and fatigue for the past 10 days. A throat culture was negative; however the physical examination revealed an enlarged spleen. What condition does the volleyball player most likely have?
Infectious mononucleosis
Which of the following is a common cause of upper GI tract disorders?
Ingestion of alcohol Irritation from stress Ingestion of caffeine
If a researcher wanted to report statistical data to represent the consistency with which she obtained range of motion measurements, what statistical value should she use?
Interclass correlation coefficients
Which of the following is an advantage specific to porous nonelastic tape?
It allows heat and sweat to pass through minute openings in the tape.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a cohesive elastic bandage?
It is designed to make the material adhere to itself.
Which of the following statements pertaining to ligamentous stress testing is true?
It is essential to perform a ligamentous test at the proper angle, because a seemingly minor change in the joint angle can significantly alter the laxity of the tissue being stressed.
What is the clinical significance of Erb's point?
It is the most superficial position of the brachial plexus.
Which combination of literature search terms will likely result in the LEAST amount of articles retrieved, using a database that recognizes Boolean terms?
Knee injury AND anterior drawer AND lachman AND ACL
A protocol to assist health care practitioners with enhancing communication and better understanding the worldview of a patient who may be culturally different from oneself is termed:
LEARN
Which of the following are potential causes of constipation?
Lack of exercise Emotional distress Laxative abuse Drug effects from narcotics or NSAID pain relievers
Which of the following are advantages of topical routes of drug administration? (Choose all that apply.)
Local effects Noninvasive Easy to administer Relatively safe
What postural abnormality might result from tight hip flexor musculature?
Lordosis of the lumbar spine
Gastric ulcers can at which of the following sites? (Choose all that apply.)
Lower end of the esophagus Stomach Duodenum
special test for bicep brachii tendon rupture?
Ludington's
A contraindication for the use of low-intensity stimulation is:
MALIGNANCY
An excellent tool for visualizing the CNS, musculoskeletal system and cardiovascular system is a(n):
MRI
A patient who presents with mild dyspnea during activity, accompanied by wheezing or coughing, and has a peak expiratory flow equal or greater than 70% of baseline, is likely experiencing:
Mild acute asthma exacerbation
Lesions, which are multiple, pearly papules 3 to 5 cm in diameter, appear flesh-colored to yellow and have a tiny, round spot on the surface is characteristic of:
Molluscum contagiosum
Which of the following statements pertaining to drug metabolism is TRUE?
Most drug metabolism takes place in the liver via hepatic enzymes.
Why is it important to perform tests for ligamentous integrity as soon as possible after injury?
Muscle guarding and swelling set in gradually following the injury, which may result in inability to obtain accurate test results.
Which of the following are the main nerves that originate from the brachial plexus? (Choose all that apply.)
Musculocutaneous Median Ulnar Axillary Median
Which of the following organizations serves as a voice for the athletic training profession among federal legislators?
NATA-PAC
Which of the following is an aspirin-like drug that suppresses inflammation and pain, produce analgesia, and reduce fever?
NSAIDs
Corticosteroids are indicated for which of the following conditions?
Nasal inflammation Rheumatic disorders Skin infections
An athletic trainer is developing a treatment and rehabilitation plan for a new patient recovering from glenohumeral labral repair surgery. The athletic trainer has considered the strongest available and most recent clinical recommendations in addition to other available evidence regarding post-surgical treatment for the specific procedure. In addition, he has considered his own professional knowledge and past experiences treating patients recovering from similar procedures. Is this athletic trainer practicing evidence-based health care (EBHC)?
No, because he has not considered the values and circumstances of the patient.
Which of the following are prescription medications?
Norflex Robaxin
Which of the following are potential risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease? (Choose all that apply.)
Obesity Running Pregnancy Excessive alcohol consumption
Which of the following routes of drug administration use the gastrointestinal (GI) tract for entry into the body?
Oral Sublingual Rectal
Which of the following medications is a muscle relaxant?
Parafon Forte Flexeril Robaxin
When applying an Achilles tendon taping, it is important to determine the spot of discomfort by:
Passively moving the ankle into dorsiflexion
When practicing evidence based health care, which of the following pieces of information derived from the patient are important to consider?
Patient feedback Patient values
Which of the following statements pertaining to drug potency is TRUE?
Potency serves as an index for the amount of drug that can be administered to elicit a desired response.
The route of administration is rectal for which of the following medications? (Choose all that apply.)
Preparation H Parafon Forte Infiltrative anesthetics Tinactin Hydrocortisone Flex-All 454 Bacitracin
What is the purpose of the modified ankle taping technique?
Provide a moderate amount of support as a preventative taping
Which of the following are examples of unfiltered information?
Randomized controlled trial Cohort study Case report Case series
Which of the following are possible side effects of NSAIDs?
Renal impairment GI irritation Hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., asthma, urticaria, and rhinitis) Toxicity Dizziness Skin irritation
Diastolic blood pressure is a measurement of:
Residual pressure within the aorta/systemic arteries between heart beats, when the left ventricle is relaxed
Symptoms that may include photophobia, diarrhea, excessive thirst, hallucinations, and loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting are characteristic of which condition?
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
The bioavailability of a drug is influenced by which of the following pharmacokinetic processes? (Choose all that apply.)
Route of administration Absorption
The development of one or more wedge-shaped vertebrae in the thoracic region through abnormal epiphyseal plate behavior is called:
Scheuermann disease.
The prevalence of a condition will have an influence on the results of which of the following values:
Sensitivity Specificity Positive predictive values Negative predictive values
During the gait cycle, excessive or prolonged pronation can lead to which of the following overuse injuries:
Sesamoid bone irritation Stress fracture of the second metatarsal Medial tibial stress syndrome Plantar fasciitis Achilles tendinitis
A patient who presents with inability to speak, frequent coughing, inability to participate in activity, and a peal expiratory flow of less than 40% baseline, is likely experiencing:
Severe acute asthma exacerbation
Which of the following are indications for the use of traction?
Spinal nerve inflammation Joint hypomobility Narrowing of intervertebral foramen Degenerative joint disease Spondylolisthesis
Which of the following statements pertaining to gastritis is TRUE?
Symptoms of gastritis can include a loss of appetite, a full feeling in the stomach, or vague epigastric pain.
Which of the following are examples of filtered information?
Systematic review Critically appraised topic Evidence-based synopsis
Finger abduction assesses which of the following cervical nerves?
T1
the inferior angle of the scapula is the landmark for which vertebra?
T7
All of the following can be used to help clinicians determine the strength of specific pieces of evidence EXCEPT:
The amount of patient-based outcome measures included in the research
Which type of diuretic is used in long-term treatment of hypertension, edema caused by chronic heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, corticosteroid and estrogen therapy, and renal dysfunction?
Thiazides and related diuretics
Which of the following factors influence the rate of alcohol absorption?
Type and concentration of the alcohol The rate at which the beverage is consumed Current stomach contents Gastric mobility
Which of the following are true about appraisal scales?
Used to assess the design of individual research studies Different appraisal scales are intended for specific types of research
During a cervical spine examination, the athletic trainer suspects that the patient's condition may be related to an acute cervical disk herniation. A positive finding on which of the following tests would confirm this suspicion? (Choose all that apply.)
Valsalva maneuver and Spurling's maneuver
Following a rebound, a member of a girl's high school basketball team turns to throw a two-handed overhead pass to a teammate heading to down court. An opposing team member attempts to defend the pass and, in doing so, makes contact with the arm of the player attempting the pass. The contact forced the passer's arm into a position of abduction and external rotation. The athlete comes to the sideline supporting the arm on the injured side. Based on the information provided, what questions should the athletic trainer ask as part of the immediate assessment of this athlete? (Choose all that apply.)
Where is the pain? Can you describe the pain? Did you hear anything at the time of the injury? Did you feel any numbness or tingling down your arm? Did your shoulder feel like it moved? Can you move your arm?
What questions should be asked as by an evaluator to determine the injured individual's primary complaint? (Choose all that apply.)
Why are you here? What is the problem? Where does it hurt? What activities or motions are weak or painful?
According to ____________, bone and soft tissue will respond to the physical demands placed on them, causing the formation of collagen to remodel or realign along the lines of stress is:
Wolff's Law
In applying a Kinesio Taping, which technique is used used when the muscle's origin and insertion may change depending on the movement pattern of the joint?
X
In applying a Kinesio Taping, which technique is used to surround a large muscle to either facilitate or inhibit muscle stimuli?
Y
A shortening of the muscle fibers that decreases the angle of the associated joint is a:
a concentric contraction.
Prolonged immobilization can lead to muscles losing their flexibility and assuming a shortened position. This is referred to as:
a contracture
Which of the following would undergo first-pass effect?
a dose of acetaminophen
A nodular, firm, movable, and often linear mass of hyperplastic scar tissue is:
a keloid
Rash, rubor skin, and itching are examples of:
a local adverse drug reaction.
Kinseo Tex® Tape is designed to allow for:
a longitudinal stretch of 55 - 60% of its resting length, but is not designed to stretch horizontally.
An advantage of testing muscle strength throughout the full range of motion is that:
a painful arc of motion can be identified.
Spear tackler's spine is a condition described as:
a straightened cervical spine that acts like a segmental column.
iron-deficiency in athletes is most likely caused by?
abnormal mensuration, GI bleeding, hematuria, profuse sweating from long-duration training sessions
A circumscribed collection of pus appearing in an acute or chronic, localized infection is termed:
abscess
What occurs when an electrical wave passes through a medium and its kinetic energy is either partially or totally assimilated by the tissue?
absorption
The amount of time that it takes to move into the tissues to produce a therapeutic effect is termed:
absorption rate
The time of the latency period between the time a drug is administered and the onset of effects is determined by the:
absorption rate
An advantage of continuous passive motion is that it can be used to:
accelerate clearance of a hemarthrosis.
Movements within the joint that accompany traditional active and PROM but cannot be performed voluntarily by the individual are termed:
accessory movements
Which of the following inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins in the CNS but does NOT inhibit their synthesis in peripheral tissues?
acetaminophen
Which of the following is an example of a chronic injury?
achilles tendinitis
three skin conditions that are bacterial infections?
acne vulgaris, folliculitis, impetigo
Contract-relax, hold-relax, and slow reversal-hold-relax are examples of stretching techniques that use:
active inhibition
The technique in which an individual consciously relaxes a muscle prior to stretching is:
active inhibition
steps for concussion RTP
active recovery, light aerobic exercise, sport-specific exercise, non contact training drills, full-contact practice, RTP
isotonic exercise
activity that combines muscle contraction with repeated movement
Following a play in which he was tackled, a football player comes off the field shaking his left arm. Initial assessment reveals pain that radiates from the supraclavicular area down the arm and muscles weakness with shoulder abduction and external rotation. What injury should be suspected?
acute burner
Following consumption of an offending substance, the presence of GI bleeding, belching, epigastric pain, and vomiting suggest:
acute gastritis
Because hyperemia often occurs following ice massage treatment, it is not recommended for:
acute injuries
contraindications for heat modalities?
acute injuries, closed infections, DVT
The use of __________ prior to tape application will permit nonelastic tape to stick better to the skin.
adherent
examples of consumable supplies
adhesive bandages, athletic tape
Providing one dose of a medication to an individual is defined as:
administration of medication.
Which of the following is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug?
advil
Drugs that facilitate or produce a change are called:
agonists
Muscles that perform the desired movement are called __________.
agonists
Which of the following is NOT a trade name for ibuprofen?
aleve
heat cramps symptoms
altered neuromuscular control, muscle spasms
examples of annual re-purchase items
ambulance contract, injury tracking software
A measure of the force, or intensity, that drives an electrical current is termed:
amplitude
The adrenal cortex produces hormones collectively known as:
androgens
An emotional sign/symptom of anxiety in rehabilitation is:
anger
The ligament that encircles the radial head and attaches it to the ulna is the:
annular ligament
An athlete has been experiencing dyspepsia for the past 12 hours. The initial management for this condition includes the use of:
antacids 4 hours before physical activity.
Drugs that inhibit or block effects are:
antagonist
What type of postural abnormality could likely be present in a patient diagnosed with chronic impingement syndrome?
anterior shoulder position
Acetaminophen reduces pain and fever but has no appreciable:
anti-inflammatory and anti-coagulant effects
Prior to running in the 100-meter state finals, an athlete suddenly develops dry mouth, dyspepsia, abdominal cramping, and heartburn. What is the athlete most likely experiencing?
anxiety reaction
symptoms of anxiety disorder
appetite disturbance, fear of losing control, irritability, sleep impairment
A contraindication of ultrasound is:
areas of impaired sensation
Involuntary joint motion that occurs simultaneously with physiologic motion, but cannot be measured precisely is termed:
arthrokinematics.
Tinnitus, GI bleeding, nausea, and development of gastric effects are side effects associated with the use of:
aspirin
In designing an individualized therapeutic exercise program, the first step is to:
assess the present level of function and dysfunction
When applying a taping technique for collateral ligament support for the knee, the proximal anchor should be applied:
at the midpoint of the quadriceps muscle group
heat acclimatization protocols
athletes should be allowed water as desired during breaks, heat acclimatization should last a minimum of five days, two-a-days should total no more than five hours combined
Which of the following statements pertaining to the use of therapeutic medications is TRUE?
athletic trainers cannot administer medications
The vertebrae that consists of a bony ring with large, flat, superior articular facets on which the skull rests is the:
atlas
separation of the bone from its cortex
avulsion
what are strategies to reduce the negative effects of circadian dysrhythmia?
awake and sleep one hour later for each time zone crossed, drink plenty of fluids, reset watched to local time zone prior to departure
Grade II burners represent:
axonotmesis
Increasing flexibility by using repetitive bouncing motions at the end of the available range of motion is termed:
ballistic stretch
If an athletic trainer fails to receive informed consent from a participant and provides treatment for a sustained injury, the actions of the athletic trainer could result in
battery
When applying a wrist taping technique, the application of a figure of eight should:
begin on the radial aspect of the proximal anchor, travel across the dorsum of the hand around the metacarpal heads and across the palm of the hand, and end on the ulnar side of the proximal anchor.
Which of the following terms refers to a structure on both sides of the body or body part?
bilateral
The amount of a drug's concentration when it reaches the target site within a certain time frame is referred to as the:
bioavailability
muscle activation 4 days post op stimulation setting
biphasic alternating-current waveform, 50-80pps
signs and symptoms with a Le Fort fracture?
bleeding around the upper teeth, nasal bleeding, observation of a flattened cheek
The central nervous system is composed of the:
brain and spinal cord
The therapeutic TENS mode that has electrical pulses of long duration, high frequency, and comfortable-to-tolerable current amplitude is referred to as:
brief-intense
The most common symptom of a peptic ulcer is:
burning pain in the middle or upper stomach.
The number of steps taken per minute is referred to as:
cadence
A yeast infection occurring in skinfolds when friction occurs in hot, moist, and humid environments is termed:
candidiasis
Which of the following conditions can produce infections on the skin or mucous membranes or in the vagina?
candidiasis
complications with antidepressant medications
cardiac arrhythmia, constipation, tachycardia
recognize a severe asthma attack because it can lead to
cardiac failure, metabolic collapse, pneumothorax
The body's ability to sustain submaximal exercise over an extended period is termed:
cardiovascular endurance
An acute cervical spinal cord injury characterized by a disproportionately greater impairment of motor function in the upper extremities than in the lower ones is referred to as:
central cord syndrome
A football player sustains a direct blow to the forehead that forces his neck into hyperextension. He develops immediate quadriplegia with bilateral sensory changes and motor changes. What injury should the athletic trainer suspect?
cervical spinal stenosis
correctly fitting football helmet
check to make sure the helmet does not shift on head, ensure ear holes line up with external auditory canal, ensure helmet covers the base of skull, ensure the face mask is three finger width from nose
Which of the following has NO effect on how quickly drugs are absorbed in the body?
cholesterol level
A potential cause of morning pain with stiffness that improves with activity is:
chronic inflammation with edema.
Contact Dermatitis
clear fluid filled vesicles
little to no movement or displacement of the broken bone
closed
Which of the following techniques has the potential to relieve lower leg pain related to tendinitis of the posterior tibialis muscle?
closed basket weave to limit eversion
General exercises to restore proprioceptive input and improve joint dynamics and coordination are:
closed chain exercises
Stork stand, BAPS board exercises, push-ups, and hand walking are examples of:
closed chain exercises
The position in the ROM in which two joint surfaces fit precisely together is termed the:
closed packed position
Which of the following best describes the sequence of sensations experienced during the application of cold therapy?
cold, burning, aching, analgesia
three or more bone fragments at the fracture site
comminuted
A positive finding with the cervical distraction test indicates:
compression of a facet joint
As part of a cervical spine assessment, the athletic trainer performs the brachial plexus traction test. The test resulted in pain radiating to the same side of the lateral bending. This finding indicates:
compression of cervical nerve root between vertebrae.
The direct transfer of energy between two objects in physical contact with each other is termed:
conduction
methods of heat transfer that assist the body in dissipating heat during extreme weather conditions?
conduction, convection, evaporation, radiation
An athletic trainer suspects that an individual has a lower leg fracture due to the visible angulation of the involved bones. The athletic trainer decides to straighten out the leg and immobilize the limb in a splint. The actions of the athletic trainer:
constitute malfeasance
A condition that will be adversely affected if a particular action is taken is referred to as a(n):
contraindication
fracture on opposite side from point of trauma on bone
contrecoup
In regards to a research study assessing the effectiveness of a treatment or intervention, the rate of adverse or unsuccessful outcomes within the control group, is known as the:
control event rate
Which of the following are goals during Phase I of the therapeutic exercise program? (Choose all that apply.)
control inflammation
As part of the assessment component of an injury evaluation, which of the following would be considered a short-term goal?
control of inflammation
Which of the following is considered a short-term goal?
control of inflammation
The transfer of energy between two objects via a medium, such as air or water, as it moves across the body, creating temperature variations is termed:
convection
The transfer of energy that involves the changing of another energy form (e.g., sound, electricity, or a chemical agent) into heat is termed:
conversion
as viewed from the side the thoracic is
convex posteriorly
The body's ability to execute smooth, fluid, accurate, and controlled movements is:
coordination
nerve innervations: coracobrachialis adductor pollicis biceps brachii extensor carpi radialis longus pronator quadratus pronator teres supinator triceps brachii
coracobrachialis: musculocutaneous adductor pollicis: ulnar biceps brachii: musculocutaneous extensor carpi radialis longus: radial pronator quadratus: median pronator teres: median supinator: radial triceps brachii: radial
Which of the following are lipid soluble and block the body's natural response to inflammation by inhibiting the synthesis of chemical mediators?
corticosteroids
which of the following devices is most appropriate to use on a tennis player diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis?
counterforce forearm brace
A secondary skin lesion characterized by dried residue of serum, pus, or blood is termed:
crust
The most effective treatment for the control of inflammation is:
cryotherapy
macrophages are responsible for
debridement of damages or dead tissue, release of growth hormones, tissue exudate formation
A protocol to assist health care practitioners with identifying red flags associated with psychological distress and determining if these signs and symptoms warrant an emergency intervention is termed:
decision making model
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is used to:
decrease acute and chronic pain
Each of the following is a physiological benefit of cardiovascular endurance except for
decrease in total cholesterol
Which of the following are physiological effects of cryotherapy?
decreased metabolism, nerve conduction, and pain perception
A contraindication for the use of iontophoresis is:
decreased sensation
heatstroke symptoms
decreased sweating response, disorientation or confusion, markedly increased body temp
Cold therapy is the modality of choice for acute injuries because cold therapy: (Choose all that apply.)
decreases tissue metabolism increases cell permeability decreases muscle spindle activity produces analgesia
somatic anxiety relief
deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation
Which type of pain is described as diffuse or nagging, as if intense pressure is being exerted on the structures, and may be complicated by stabbing pain?
deep somatic pain
The inspection component of an injury examination should include which of the following items of information? (Choose all that apply.)
deformity swelling discoloration scars general skin condition
The most severe complication for an athlete suffering from diarrhea is:
dehydration and electrolyte depletion
The sensory component of a nerve root is tested using a:
dermatome
What is the focus of Phase 3 of a therapeutic exercise program?
developing muscular strength, endurance, and power in the injured extremity as compared with the uninjured extremity
what events occur in the proliferation stage of wound healing?
development of fibrous tissue
Abnormally loose and watery stools may be accompanied by flatulence, abdominal distension, fever, headache, vomiting, malaise, and myalgia is characteristic of:
diarrhea
symptoms of anaphylactic shock that would require an epi pen?
difficulty breathing and swallowing, swollen tongue
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
most commonly associated with an injury to the radial nerve
diminished triceps reflex, loss of sensation on dorm of the hand, weak wrist extension
A continuous, one-directional flow of ions, used to modulate pain, elicit a muscle contraction, or produce ion movement is characteristic of a:
direct current
signs and symptoms of heat stroke
disorientation, red/dry skin, rapid strong pulse
The length of time that it takes for a drug to dissolve is the:
dissolution rate
When applying an elastic wrap, the starting point of the wrap should be:
distal to the injury site
Which of the following are effects of spinal traction? (Choose all that apply.)
distraction of the vertebral bodies widening of the vertebral foramen a combination of distraction and gliding of vertebral facets stretching and relaxation of the paraspinal muscles
An agent that promotes increased excretion of urine is a:
diuretic
As part of a cervical spine examination, the athletic trainer performs the vertebral artery test. Which of the following would be a positive finding for that test? (Choose all that apply.)
dizziness confusion nystagmus unilateral pupil changes
When taping for a hyperflexion injury to the 1st metatarsalphalangeal joint, support tape strips are applied to the ______ aspect of the toe and foot.
dorsum
The ability of one drug to alter the effects of another drug is referred to as:
drug interaction
The liver plays a role in which of the following?
drug metabolism
acute asthma attack symptoms
dry cough, labored breathing, wheezing
Pain and discomfort at the xiphoid region during digestion are the most common symptoms associated with:
dyspepsia
Upper GI pain with no definite etiology is termed:
dyspepsia
A narrowing of the esophagus as well as paralysis or muscle spasms of the esophageal or pharyngeal muscles are predisposing factors for which of the following conditions?
dysphagia
What type of contractions work to decelerate a limb and provide shock absorption, especially during high-velocity dynamic activities?
eccentric
Movement in which the muscle resists its own lengthening so that the joint angle increases during the contraction is:
eccentric contraction
Superficial discoloration of tissue indicative of injury is referred to as:
eccymosis
which diagnostic imaging techniques would best identify a suspected aortic root dilation in an athlete with Marfan syndrome?
echochardiogram
What somatotype would an individual be classified as who has a small frame and bone structure, flat chest, small shoulders, lean muscle mass?
ectomorph
What inflammatory condition of the skin is characterized by poorly marginated erythema with scaling and exudate?
eczema
Which of the following best illustrates a diagnostic sign?
edema
The massage technique that involves a superficial, longitudinal stroke to relax the patient is:
effleurage
The escape of fluid from the blood vessels into the joint cavity is called:
effusion
The C6 myotome is tested with:
elbow flexion and wrist extension
The energy emitted by an object is:
electromagnetic radiation
immediate treatment for hyphema?
elevate the head 30-40 degrees in supine, path both the eyes, referral to ophthalmologist
furnuncle
elevated reddened pustule
Which of the following uses gravity to reduce the pooling of fluids and pressure inside the venous and lymphatic vessels to prevent fluid from filtering into surrounding tissue spaces?
elevation
During PROM, a gentle overpressure applied at the end of the ROM is used to determine:
end feel
The ability of muscle tissue to exert repetitive tension over an extended period of time is termed:
endurance
Drugs that are covered by acid-resistant materials that protect the drug from the acid and pepsin in the stomach are:
enteric-coated preparations.
Which of the following is a CNS stimulant that increases serum levels of norepinephrine and can, directly or indirectly, increase blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, and peripheral vascular resistance?
ephedra
An acute, superficial, bacterial infection of the dermis and hypodermis that characteristically extends into the cutaneous lymphatics is termed:
erysipelas
A hormone that stimulates bone marrow to increase production of RBCs is:
erythropoietin
The use of a vapo-coolant spray as a means to produce heat loss is an example of:
evaporation
a deficiency in vitamin k could manifest into which of the conditions?
excessive bruising
The purpose of the Achilles tendon taping is to limit:
excessive dorsiflexion
signs and symptoms of ketoacidosis?
excessive thirst, nausea, sweet fruity smelling breath
term used to describe a specific diagnosis, procedure, or condition that is considered a non-covered service?
exclusion
isokinetic exercise
exercise involving muscle contractions with resistance varying at a constant rate
which of the following answers would decrease the internal validity of a research study?
expectations of the experimenter, non-valid measurements, use of volunteers for subjects
correct position for the glenohumeral joint when performing a PNF D1 upper extremity extension movement pattern?
extended, abducted, internally rotated
During a brachial plexus injury, muscular weakness is evident in the:
external rotators, deltoid, and biceps
A muscle that can move through the complete range of motion against gravity with no overload is graded
fair
When the results of a Lachman's test (to test for the integrity of the ACL) are negative, and according to the reference standard, the patient actually DOES have a torn ACL, the diagnostic test result was considered to be a ___________.
false negative
When the results of a Lachman's test (to test for the integrity of the ACL) are positive, and according to the reference standard, the patient actually does NOT have a torn ACL, the diagnostic test result was considered to be a __________.
false positive
A secondary skin lesion characterized by a linear crack in the skin is termed:
fissure
An abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface, or from one organ to another is a _________.
fistula
An infection of the upper portion of the hair follicle and surrounding areas caused by staphylococci is:
folliculitis
Two hours after eating at a fast food restaurant, while on the bus trip home from a game, several baseball players report varying levels of abdominal gas and pain, nausea, vomiting, low-grade fever, and diarrhea. What condition should be suspected?
food poisoning
In performing an assessment of the cervical spine, an athletic trainer performs the Spurling test. The test is a:
foramina compression test
Joint mechanoreceptors which are sensitive to mechanical stress and the deformation and loading of soft tissues that comprise the joint are:
free nerve endings
Which frequency is so fast that no relaxation occurs and a sustained, maximal contraction is generated?
frequencies >40pps
A preferred therapeutic massage to loosen scars, aid in the absorption of an edema, and reduce localized muscular spasm is:
friction
When completing a simple arch support taping technique, the strips of a tape that encircle the foot should be applied:
from the distal to the proximal aspect of the foot, with slight upward tension on the medial aspect of the foot
The term tinea refers to:
fungal skin infections.
What is propulsive reflex in the colon that stimulates defecation?
gastrocolic reflex
An athlete reports mild indigestion, nausea, flatulence, and a sour stomach. What condition should be suspected?
gastroenteritis
Hyperperistalsis with rushes, cramps, and diarrhea may be indicative of:
gastroenteritis
A condition in which the stomach contents leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus and results in irritating the esophagus is termed:
gastroesophageal reflux disease
As part of a mass screening approach to administering PPE's, questions concerning kidney disease, hernia, sexually transmitted disease, and albuminuria should be addressed in the:
genitourinary exam
An athlete is experiencing emesis. What is the immediate management for this condition?
give the athlete a container in which to vomit
A shoulder spica wrap is used to provide support and stabilization for the:
glenohumeral joint
Joint mechanoreceptors which are intraligamentous and become active when the ligaments are stressed at the end ranges of joint movement are termed:
golgi receptors
Range of motion is measured quantitatively with a:
goniometer
A small-amplitude movement at the very end of the ROM that is used when resistance limits movement in the absence of pain and spasm is characteristic of a __________ mobilization.
grade 4
splint recommended to immobilize a femoral fracture?
half-ring traction splint
Constipation is present if an individual:
has two or fewer bowel movements each week.
third party payer provides practitioners fixed fees for services, limits the members choices for preapproved practitioners and requires the use of a primary care physician?
health maintenance organization
If a patient is avoiding heel strike because it is painful, what pathology might the patient have?
heel spur and calcanea fat pad contusion
Dilations of the venous plexus surrounding the rectal and anal area are termed:
hemorrhoids
Preparation-H and Tuck Pads are used in the treatment of:
hemorrhoids
athlete reports light-headedness, dizziness, nausea, and referred pain to the inferior angle of the right scapula...diagnosis
hepatomegaly
What condition is characterized by unilateral, blister-like lesions that erupt along dermatomes, usually T3 to L3 in the trunk or, less commonly, in the area of the fifth cranial nerve?
herpes zoster
Disuse atrophy is an indication for:
high-voltage electrical stimulation.
The electrical stimulation that a monophasic current with a twin-peak wave form, a relatively short pulse duration and long interpulse interval, and an amplitude range above 150 mV is:
high-voltage pulsed stimulation
A patient is 3 days post-surgical knee ACL reconstruction. During an assessment, the athletic trainer notes increased edema and that the patient is in pain. The athletic trainer decides to use electrical stimulation for pain and edema reduction. What type of electrical stimulation would be appropriate to achieve these desired effects? (Choose all that apply.)
high-voltage pulsed stimulation neuromuscular electrical stimulation TENS
Tightness of what muscle group is often associated with lordosis?
hip flexor
Which of the following are potential uses for elastic tape? (Choose all that apply.)
hold protective pads in place secure protective dressings provide compression give proprioceptive feedback
impetigo contagiosa
honey colored vesicle
Decreased tactile sensation is termed:
hypoesthesia
Limited passive range of motion is termed:
hypomobility
An individual who has sustained spinal shock is susceptible to which of the following conditions? (Choose all that apply.)
hypotension, bradycardia, loss of thermoregulation
Which of the following is a common drug used for treatment of musculoskeletal injuries?
ibuprofen
Conduction occurs during the application of which of the following:
ice packs paraffin moist hot pack
In the profession of athletic training, the Standards of Professional Practice
identifies the ethical responsibilities that guide the athletic trainers' actions
Which of the following will NOT relieve pain from hemorrhoids?
ignoring the initial urges for bowel movements
When should phase 1 of the therapeutic exercise program begin?
immediately after the injury assessment
Symptoms of ________ include itching or burning sores that quickly rupture and ooze fluid or pus that forms a honey-colored crust.
impetigo
What overuse condition is an individual who presents with forward shoulder posture most likely at risk for?
impingement syndrome
In performing a break test, overload pressure is applied with the joint:
in a neutral position
When applying a closed basket weave ankle taping for an inversion sprain, the patient should be positioned:
in a subtler neutral position with the foot held at 90* of flexion
When applying an elbow hyperextension taping, the patient should be instructed to clench the hand while holding the elbow in:
in slight flexion with the palm facing up.
With a lower extremity injury, using a crutch or a cane on the same side as the injury will _______ joint loading forces.
increase
Which of the following is NOT a function of antidiarrheal medications?
increased intestinal movement
Which of the following is a nonthermal effect of ultrasound?
increased skin permeability
If the prevalence of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury in the collegiate baseball player population is high, then the possibility of a positive valgus stress test for the elbow (diagnostic test for UCL injury) ___________, and results in __________ sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values.
increases, higher
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs aid healing by:
increasing vasodilation and inhibiting the production of prostaglandins.
A condition that would benefit from a specific action is a(n):
indication
"Chronic fatigue syndrome" and ________ have similar signs and symptoms.
infectious mononucleosis
The spinal abnormality lordosis causes the ASISs to move __________ and the ischial tuberosities to move ____________.
inferior, superior
Palpation of crepitus over a tendon or bursa could indicate:
inflammation
Chills, fever, headache, muscle aches and pains, nonproductive cough, sore throat, hoarseness, and rhinitis are characteristic of:
influenza
Visceral pain results from
injury to an organ in the thoracic cavity
A joint's inability to function under the stresses encountered during functional activities is termed:
instability
Strength gains depend primarily on:
intensity of the overload
During the gait cycle, when the foot is in a pronated position, the tibia is ____________.
internally rotated
When applying a groin wrap for an adductor strain, the heel is elevated on a taping block and the hip is:
internally rotated
which ligaments resist the end range of lumbar spine flexion?
interspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum, posterior longitudinal ligament, supraspinoud ligament
best way to determine whether or not an athletes had an eating disorder?
interview the athlete, PPE. self evaluation
Which of the following is a parenteral route of drug administration?
intramuscular
A technique in which direct current is used to drive charged molecules from certain medications into damaged tissue is:
iontophoresis
Menorrhagia can lead to _______ depletion which affects athletic and physical activity performance.
iron
What type of training measures a muscle's maximum potential to produce static force?
isometric
What strength training technique involves maximal loading throughout the ROM at a fixed speed?
isotonic
What strength training technique involves maximal muscle contraction that generates a force to move a constant load throughout the ROM at a variable speed?
isotonic exercises
Which of the following is an indication for joint mobilization?
joint adhesions
The best way to decrease the risk of contracting viral meningitis among athletes is:
keep drinking dispensers clean and germ free.
A series of interrelated joints that constitute a complex motor unit, constructed so that motion at one joint will produce motion at the other joints in a predictable manner is termed:
kinematic chain
The hallmark condition that results from Scheuermann disease is:
kyphosis
which of the following radiographic views of the glenohumeral articulation provides the best indications of the morphologic shape of a patient's acromion?
lateral (outlet) view
Movement of the spine away from anatomical position in a lateral direction in the frontal plane is termed:
lateral flexion
Tension of the quadriceps contributes to ___________ stability of the knee, while tension of the hamstrings contributes to __________ stability of the knee.
lateral, medial
The amount of "give" within a joint's supportive tissue is termed:
laxity
The effects of immobilization of the articular cartilage are dependent on which of the following factors? (Choose all that apply.)
length of immobilization position of the joint joint loading
A disease of the mouth characterized by white patches and oral lesions on the cheeks, gums, and/or tongue is termed:
leukoplakia
As part of a cervical spine assessment, the athletic trainer performs the cervical distraction test. The test resulted in increased pain. Which of the following conditions is in indicated with that finding?
ligamentous injury
The ligament that connects the pedicles of adjacent vertebrae is the:
ligamentum flavum
bone splits along its length
linear
Hepatitis primarily attacks and impairs the function of which organ?
liver
As part of an injury assessment, when asking about the characteristics of symptoms, the athletic trainer should determine:
location, onset, severity, frequency, and duration.
which structures provide anterior stability of the glenohumeral joint?
long head of biceps, middle GH ligament, short head of biceps, subscapularis
lower extremity functional scale is best used to determine
long term and short term goals
Information pertaining to which of the following is included in the assessment component of SOAP notes? (Choose all that apply.)
long term goals short term goals
a winging scapula may indicate an injury to which nerve?
long thoracic
The position in the ROM in which the joint is under the least amount of stress is termed the:
loose packed position
Anterior pelvic tilt, increased lumbar lordosis, lateral lumbar shift, lateral leg rotation, and knee hyperextension, are all postural changes associated with which condition?
lower crossed syndrome
budget that the AT can spend any way they see fit without justification?
lump-sum budgeting
The HIV virus attacks and destroys several cells in the body's immune system, particularly the _______ known as the helper T-cell.
lymphocyte
A single application of force that produces an injury is referred to as:
macrotrauma
When applying a shoulder spica wrap, the technique begins by encircling the arm in a posterior to anterior direction at the midbiceps. This direction:
maintains internal rotation of the glenohumeral joint and limits external rotation
The dose at which a response occurs and continues to increase in magnitude before reaching a plateau is termed:
maximal efficacy
What part of the knee joint sustains the most compressive forces during gait?
medial compartment
Which of the following is a deep tendon reflex?
medial hamstrings
Anterior shin pain is often directly related to stress on the:
medial longitudinal arch
Thumb taping is designed to provide support and limit extension of the 1st ________ joint.
metacarpophalangeal
An injury to a small number of cells because of the accumulative effects of repetitive forces is referred to as:
microtrauma
An example of radiant energy transfer is:
microwave diathermy
An act that is legal but performed improperly is referred to as
misfeasance
Immobilization of a joint for ______ may lead to joint adhesions that inhibit muscle fiber regeneration.
more than 2 weeks
A metatarsal arch taping can be advantageous in the management of:
morton neuroma
The functional unit of the spine is called the:
motion segment
Enlarged salivary glands, fever, headache, malaise, and possible swollen testes are characteristic of:
mumps
Which muscle mechanoreceptor is innervated by both afferent and efferent fibers and can detect muscle length and the rate of change in muscle length?
muscle spindles
The radiograph that uses an opaque dye that is introduced into the spinal canal is a(n):
myelogram
best airway management technique for responsive, semiconscious patient with an intact gag reflex?
nasal pharyngeal airway
which system regulates homeostasis during rigorous exercise?
nervous system
Bilateral sensory changes including burning pain, tingling, or total loss of sensation is referred to as:
neurapraxia
Injury to a nerve that results in temporary neurologic deficits followed by complete recovery of function is termed:
neurapraxia
Subsequent to a spinal cord injury which results in spinal shock, the signs and symptoms associated with ___________ shock are often seen within four to six hours after injury.
neurogenic
The electrical stimulation that elicits a moderately high-intensity muscle contraction with relatively little patient discomfort and is typically a biphasic current with a duty cycle is:
neuromuscular electrical stimulation
Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of continuous passive motion?
noncompliant patient
An athletic trainer suspects that a football player has a neck injury but does not use a rigid backboard to stabilize the individual. What type of legal liability could result from the athletic trainer's actions?
nonfeasance
During an afternoon football practice on a hot, humid day in August, an athletic trainer supported a coach's decision to delay a scheduled water break until the team performed a particular drill in an acceptable manner. The water break was only 15 minutes later than the scheduled time. During the water break, one of the athletes collapsed with signs of heat stroke. What type of legal liability could result from the athletic trainer's actions?
nonfeasance
Failure to perform a legal duty of care is defined as
nonfeasance
heat exhaustion symptoms
normal or slightly lowered body temp, profuse sweating, rapid and weak pulse
what is the most common site of achilles tendon ruptures?
one to two inches proximal to the calcaneal attachment
In most taping techniques, each subsequent strip of tape should overlap the previous strip by:
one-half to one-third the width of the tape.
An individual is using a dumbbell to perform a bicep curl as an exercise for a bicep strain. This exercise is considered
open kinetic chain exercises
Drugs that are administered _______ must go through the first-pass effect.
orally
Fainting associated with movement from lying or sitting to a standing position is termed:
orthostatic hypotensive syncope
Which type of diuretic is used to promote diuresis in the prevention and treatment of the oliguricphase (i.e., low urine production) of acute renal failure?
osmotic diuretics
a 13 year old baseball athletes complains of pain and locking in the lateral aspect of the elbow, loss of ROM, increased swelling...diagnosis?
osteochondritis dissecans
The observation component of an injury examination should include which of the following items of information? (Choose all that apply.)
overall appearance body symmetry general motor function posture and gait
Based on the principle of ____________, if the physical demands placed on the body are within appropriate physiological limits, the body will adapt and improve its function.
overload
A cognitive sign/symptom of anxiety in rehabilitation is:
overly self-critical statements of low confidence in rehabilitation.
A hallmark sign of an acute disk herniation in the cervical spine is:
pain radiating down the arm
When applying a taping technique for a wrist hyperextension injury, the supportive strips are placed over the ______ of the hand.
palmar aspect
When using a goniometer to measure ROM, the stationary arm of the goniometer is placed ________ to the proximal bone of the joint being tested.
parallel
Intravenous drugs enter the body via the:
parenteral route
A clinician stabilizes the proximal segment of a joint and then moves the patient's limb through the available range of motion applying a slight stretch at the end of the motion is an example of:
passive stretching
A critical component of a McConnell technique patellofemoral taping is an evaluation of:
patella orientation
Which of the following is an example of an acute injury?
patellar dislocation
A patient with a shoulder injury is asked by her clinician to complete several self-reported questionnaires, at specified intervals throughout the rehabilitation process. The purpose of the questionnaires is to assess the patient's quality of life, and how quality of life changes throughout the rehabilitation process. These questionnaires are known as:
patient-based outcome measures
A swimmer is recovering from shoulder surgery. The supervising physician has recommended massage to break up soft tissue adhesions left from the surgical procedure. What massage technique will assist in achieving this goal?
petrissage
The massage technique that involves pressing and rolling the muscles under the fingers and hands is:
petrissage
The length of time that current is flowing is referred to as:
phase duration
The introduction of anti-inflammatory drugs through the skin with ultrasound is called:
phonophoresis
In a metatarsal arch taping, a teardrop felt pad is:
placed slightly proximal to the heads of the 2nd - 4th metatarsals
Preparation for applying the great toe taping technique includes
placing an adhesive dressing (e.g., Band-Aid®) over the nail of the great toe
Which of the following is a superficial reflex?
plantar
A type of explosive exercise that maximizes the stretch reflex is:
plyometric
The direction of current flow is termed:
polarity
Application of elastic wraps should begin with the body part in a:
position of maximum muscle contraction.
Trauma involving the dorsal column of the spinal cord that results in sensory loss, but motor function and sense of pain are preserved is referred to as:
posterior cord syndrome
The most important consideration in determining the safe and effective dose of a drug is:
potency
an athletic trainers ability to influence others in their organization?
power
The immediate assessment occurring on the field when a life-threatening injury is present is called:
primary survey
A specialized variation of the sensory modality of touch that encompasses the sensation of joint movement and joint position is termed:
proprioception
A specialized variation of the sensory modality of touch that encompasses the sensation of joint movement and joint position is:
proprioception
A method of promoting or hastening the recovery process of muscles through the use of diagonal or spiral patterns is characteristic of
proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercise
Transmission of the tetanus bacillus is through:
puncture type wounds
The transfer of energy in the form of infrared waves without physical contact is termed:
radiation
Internal hemorrhage is characterized by a:
rapid and weak pulse
Which of the following is an advantage of the sublingual route of drug administration?
rapid onset
Which of the following is considered a severe adverse drug reaction?
rash
A functional macromolecule in a cell to which a drug binds to produce its effects is a(n):
receptor
The technique using an active contraction of the agonist to cause a reflex relaxation in the antagonist allowing it to stretch is termed:
reciprocal inhibition.
The classic symptom of ulcerative colitis is:
recurrent bloody diarrhea
Decreased skin temperature on palpation of an injury site could indicate:
reduced circulation
A type of visceral pain that travels along the same nerve pathways as somatic pain is termed:
referred pain
The deflection of electrical waves because of a change in the speed of absorption as the wave passes between media of different densities is termed:
refraction
If a scale used to obtain body weight consistently provides a weight measurement that is 10 pounds greater than what the person actually weight, the scale has acceptable ________ and poor _________.
reliability, validity
Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to:
relieve muscle spasms
exercise parameters to enhance type 1 aerobic muscle fibers
resistance exercises at 12 reps for 4 sets, run distances of at least 3km at 70% heart rate max, slow to moderate velocity resistance exercise
Signs and symptoms of diphtheria are most often associated with the:
respiratory system
When applying a taping technique for collateral ligament support for the knee, the affected limb should be:
resting on a 1.5 to 2-inch heel lift.
Which of the following has the greatest likelihood of causing frostbite?
reusable cold packs
Joint mechanoreceptors which are sensitive to intra-articular pressure and stretching of the joint capsule are:
ruffini corpuscles
When applying a closed basket weave ankle taping for an inversion sprain, the stirrup strips:
s
tinea corporis
scaling ring-shaped plaque
A spine that appears curved when assessed from a posterior view could be indicative of:
scoliosis
two bony fragments that have a sawtooth, sharp edged fracture line
serrated
Local anesthetics eliminate _________ by blocking afferent neural transmissions along peripheral nerves.
short-term pain
the myotome for C4 is
shoulder elevation
recovering from anterior glenohumeral dislocation wants to return to play, what is the criteria?
shoulder strength should be nearly normal, the shoulder should have full pain free ROM and throwing and catching should be pain free
An objective, measurable, physical finding regarding an individual's condition is termed a:
sign
Which of the following is an example of a plyometric exercise?
single or double leg hops
which of the following mediums is a resistor?
skin
Which of the following signs indicate a possible allergic reaction to tape or tape adherent? (Choose all that apply.)
skin irritation blisters infection
Identify the physical findings that can be revealed during the palpation of bone and soft tissue.
skin temperature swelling point tenderness crepitus deformity muscle spasm
When applying a taping technique for arch support, the patient's foot should be placed in a position of:
slight plantar flexion.
Mollescum Contagiosum
smooth dome shaped papule
In performing a valgus stress test on an acutely injured knee, the athletic trainer notes that the joint line "opens up" significantly when compared with the noninjured knee. This finding would be indicative of a(n) ________ end feel.
soft
An acute process in which the nucleus pulposus herniates through the posterior annulus, resulting in signs and symptoms of cord or nerve root compression is termed:
soft-disk herniation
The most common type of pain encountered in musculoskeletal injuries is known as:
somatic pain
Tests for specific body parts or areas as a means of detecting injury or related pathology and, generally, occur across planes and are not graded are referred to as
special tests
A transient loss of somatic and autonomic reflex activity below the level of neurological damage is termed:
spinal shock
A loss of cerebrospinal fluid around the spinal cord because of deformation of the spinal cord or a narrowing of the neural canal is called:
spinal stenosis
In removing nonelastic tape, it is important to:
stabilize the skin while pulling the tape in the direction of natural hair growth
The ability of a muscle or a group of muscles to produce force in one maximal effort is termed:
strength
Which of the following types of tests are used to assess the integrity of noncontractile tissues?
stress test
Which of the following is an enteral route of drug administration?
sublingual
post ACL rehab and an athlete has extension lag after 2 months...which joint mob technique should be used?
superior glide of the patella
Information provided by the injured individual regarding the perception of the problem is termed a:
symptom
Which of the following characteristics would suggest a cervical sprain rather than cervical strain?
symptoms that persists for several days
The contraction phase of the heartbeat is known as:
systole
Brachial plexus injuries are most likely a result of:
tensile forces
A disadvantage of isotonic training is:
that a muscle can only move a load through the ROM with as much force as the muscle provides at its weakest point.
an athlete is prescribed the oral antibiotic tetracycline for acne, which of the following precautions are appropriate?
the athlete should wear protective clothing when practicing outside
which of the following criteria describes the accurate fit of a football helmet?
the cheek pads fit snugly onto the cheeks
When applying tape to support the collateral ligaments of an IP joint, support strips in an X pattern are placed over:
the collateral ligaments
Which of the following statements pertaining to Crohn disease is TRUE?
the exact cause of Crohn disease is unknown
According to the law of Grotthus-Draper:
the more energy is absorbed by superficial tissues, the less energy is available to be transmitted to the underlying tissues.
When performing joint mobilization, if the concave surface is stationary and the convex surface is mobilized, a glide of the convex segment should be in:
the opposite direction to the restriction of joint movement.
Pharmacokinetics is:
the study of how a drug moves through the body
The management of gastritis includes:
the use of anticholinergics.
The range between the MEC and the toxic concentration is referred to as the:
therapeutic range
Which of the following statements pertaining to irritable bowel syndrome is TRUE?
there is no single successful treatment
A modality that is often used to increase range of motion prior to exercise is:
thermotherapy
Which of the following medications is an antifungal agent?
tinactin and lotrimin
Which of the following best illustrates a symptom?
tinnitus
The intent of Kinesio Taping application is:
to create convolutions in the skin to increase the interstitial space.
The management for an individual exhibiting dysphagia is:
to discontinue activity and immediate referral to a physician.
The purpose of the great toe taping technique is:
to limit motion at the first metatarsal-phalangeal joint.
The primary purpose of nonelastic tape for prophylactic uses is:
to provide support to joints by restricting excessive motions.
If a unilateral cervical dislocation is present, the neck will be visibly tilted:
toward the dislocated side
The process of drawing or pulling tension on a body segment is termed:
traction
the high school athlete wishes to join pole vaulting team and has to purchase additional medical coverage and sign assumption of risk, which form of risk reduction is used by the school district?
transference
what bone articulates with the proximal end of the first metacarpal?
trapezium
When the results of a Lachman's test (to test for the integrity of the ACL) are negative, and according to the reference standard, the patient actually does NOT have a torn ACL, the diagnostic test result was considered to be a __________.
true negative
When the results of a Lachman's test (to test for the integrity of the ACL) are positive, and according to the reference standard, the patient actually DOES have a torn ACL, the diagnostic test result was considered to be a __________________.
true positive
proper fitting for crutches
two fingers below the axilla, elbow flexed to 25-35 degrees, two inches in front and six inches to the side
During ultrasound applications, the total area covered should be:
two to three times the size of the ultrasound transducer head for every 5 minutes of exposure.
Abdominal pain and severe urgency to move the bowels are characteristic of:
ulcerative colitis
Two weeks after sustaining an upper arm contusion, a lacrosse player is pain-free. However, there is a small, palpable, swollen area in the triceps at the spot where the force was sustained. What type of heat treatment would be most effective at this point in the healing process?
ultrasound
What energy source causes superficial chemical changes in the skin and is used to treat certain skin conditions?
ultraviolet light
The use of ____________ prior to tape application will protect an individual who is sensitive or allergic to tape.
underwrap
Forward head posture, increased cervical lordosis, increased thoracic kyphosis, elevated and protracted shoulders, and rotation, abduction, or winging of the scapula, are all postural changes associated with which condition?
upper crossed syndrome
When applying a wrap for a hamstring strain, the wrap is directed in a(n):
upward and medial manner
Red or white skin wheals associated with hypersensitivity to foods, drugs, infection, physical agents, or psychic stimuli is characteristic of:
urticaria
The treatment for a gastric ulcer includes:
use of antacids
Which of the following is the least acceptable treatment for constipation?
using laxatives
_____ is compromised when treating an acute ankle sprain with cold whirlpool therapy.
venous return
Gastroenteritis is caused by:
viral or bacterial infection
Which of the following individuals is at greater risk for suprascapular nerve injury?
volleyball player
Which of the following is a closed kinetic chain exercise?
wall push up
If a researcher wanted to report statistical data to represent the consistency with which he and another researcher obtained the results when performing manual muscle tests on the same patients, what statistical value should he use?
weighted kappa coefficients
When applying an acromioclavicular taping, the patient should be positioned:
with the arm placed in a relaxed position and supported at the elbow.
Energy in the ionizing range is used in which of the following?
x-rays
The most notable sign of Hepatitis B is:
yellowing of the whites of the eyes.
Place the following types of evidence in order from weakest to strongest, based on evidence hierarchy:
-Background information / expert opinion -Case-controlled studies and case reports -Cohort studies -Randomized controlled trials -Critically-appraised topics -Systematic reviews
A major concern with cervical injuries is the potential involvement of the spinal cord and nerve roots. What specific signs and symptoms of a cervical injury suggest neural involvement? (Choose all that apply.)
-Burning pain that radiates down the arm -Weakness in a cervical myotome -Loss of bladder or bowel control
In the assessment and management of suspected chronic burners, which of the following statements is true? (Choose all that apply.)
-Chronic burners may not produce areas of numbness. -Muscle weakness may not become apparent until days after the initial injury. -The initial treatment of chronic burners follows the same parameters of acute burners.
Listed below are the five steps athletic trainers need to follow to practice evidence-based health care. Place the five steps in order, starting with the first step:
-Develop a clinical question -Search for the best evidence -Evaluate the evidence for validity, impact, and applicability -Integrate the evidence into the clinical decision -Evaluate for efficiency and effectiveness
Which of the following is true regarding the members of the emergency response team?
-Members of the emergency response team can vary in any given situation, based on the location and availability of emergency response team personnel. -Members of the emergency response team should be selected based on qualifications and general involvement in athletic events.
Which of the following statements pertaining to NSAIDs are TRUE?
-NSAIDs are used to treat mild to moderate pain associated with joints, muscles, and headaches. -NSAIDs are available in both OTC and prescription strengths. -Pain relief usually is noted within 30 minutes after ingestion of an NSAID and lasts for several hours, depending on the dosage and duration of the particular medication. -Nonprescription NSAIDs include ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and acetaminophen.
A football player sustained an acute burner. Strength and function did not return completely within 15 minutes post-injury. What criteria must be met before the individual can return to play? (Choose all that apply.)
-No neck pain or arm pain -Full pain-free ROM in the neck and upper extremity -Normal strength on manual muscle testing as compared to preseason measurements -Normal deep tendon reflexes -Negative brachial plexus traction test
Which of the following are potential symptoms associated with irritable bowel syndrome? (Choose all that apply.)
-Relief is achieved with defecation. -Onset is associated with a change in frequency of stool. -Onset is associated with a change in the form and appearance of the stool
Which of the following statements is true? (Choose all that apply.)
-Signs and symptoms associated with a cervical fracture include painful palpation over the spinous processes, muscle spasm, or palpable defect. -The common mechanism of injury for a cervical fracture is axial loading and violent neck flexion.
Which of the following are examples of scales commonly used by clinicians to communicate the strength of clinical recommendations and individual pieces of evidence?
-Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) scale -Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) 2011 Levels of Evidence -Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE)
Which of the following are primary mechanisms associated with cervical disk injury? (Choose all that apply.)
-Sustained, repetitive cervical compression -Axial loading -Hyperflexion
A triathlete is experiencing chronic diarrhea while running. Which of the following treatments would be appropriate for this individual? (Choose all that apply.)
-Taking Pepto-Bismol, Imodium, or Lomotil -Eliminating foods that trigger bowel irritation -Improving hydration before and after exercise -Eating a low-fiber diet 24 to 36 hours before exercise -Decreasing the intake of coffee or tea before exercise
Which of the following are advantages for using closed kinetic chain exercises? (Choose all that apply.)
-They exercise multiple joints through weight-bearing and muscular contractions. -They better control velocity and torque. -They reduce shear forces. -They increase muscle coactivation.
Which of the following are functions of the intervertebral disks?
-allow the spine to bend -serve as shock absorbers
Physiologic etiology for irritable bowel syndrome includes ___________.
-errors in GI tract motility -alterations in autonomic regulation -increased visceral sensitivity -abnormal brain-gut interaction
Which of the following items of information are used to develop a history of an injury? (Choose all that apply.)
-primary complaint -mechanism of injury -characteristics of the symptoms -disabilities from the injury -related medical history
Which of the following are goals during Phase II of the therapeutic exercise program? (Choose all that apply.)
-restore ROM to within 80% of normal in the unaffected limb. -restore joint flexibility to that observed in the unaffected limb. -begin proprioceptive stimulation through closed isotonic chain exercises. -begin pain-free, isometric strengthening exercises on the affected limb. -begin unresisted, pain-free functional patterns of sport/activity-specific motion.
Which of the following are potential uses for Kinesio Taping? (Choose all that apply.)
-support muscles by improving the quality of muscle contractions in weakened muscles -reduce muscle fatigue -reduce cramping and potential injury to muscle tissue -increase range of motion and relieve pain
The action plan in a SOAP note should include which of the following items of information? (Choose all that apply.)
-the immediate treatment given to the injured individual -the frequency and duration of treatments, therapeutic modalities, and exercises -evaluation standards to determine progress toward the goals -ongoing patient education -criteria for discharge
Which of the following are advantages of testing accessory movements in the loose packed position? (Choose all that apply.)
-the joint surface contact areas are reduced -proper joint lubrication is enhanced -friction and erosion in the joints are decreased
Normal range of motion for shoulder flexion is
0-180 degrees
Normal range of motion for wrist flexion is
0-80 degrees
Alcohol is metabolized at a rate of _______ per hour.
1 ounce
Detraining can occur only after ________ of nonactivity, with significant decreases measured in both metabolic and working capacities.
1-2 weeks
When an injured individual is unable to continue aerobic training, detraining occurs within:
1-2 weeks
When applying an elastic wrap to manage a quadriceps contusion, a ______ should be placed over the injury site.
1/2 inch felt pad
In applying elastic tape, it should be stretched to between ______ of its elastic capability before application.
1/3-1/2
If a 400mg drug has a half-life of 2 hours, how much of the drug will remain after 4 hours?
100mg
When applying a taping technique for collateral ligament support for the knee, the distal anchor should be applied:
2-3 inches below the level of the tibial tuberosity
The bacterium associated with diphtheria has an incubation period of:
2-5 days
Immobilization can lead to a loss of muscle strength within ______.
24 hrs
When used as an antipyretic, over-the-counter NSAIDs should be used for a maximum of _______ days.
3
Muscle regeneration begins within ______ after mobilization.
3 to 5 days
Immobilization for longer than _______ can lead to progressive osteoarthritis.
30 days
Oral medications can enter the blood stream within _______ after ingestion.
30 minutes
best ultrasound parameters for the Grade 1 mild acute distal hamstring tendon strain?
3MHz, 50% duty cycle, 0.4W/cm2 for 5 min or 3MHz, 20% duty cycle, 1 W/cm2, 5 min
A muscle that can move through the complete range of motion against gravity with moderate overload is graded as a
4
The recommended temperature for a cold whirlpool is:
55-65F
normal ROM for cervial rotation is
70-90 degrees
The onset of Scheuermann disease is typically:
8-12 years
An individual can move into phase III of the rehabilitation program when what percentage of normal passive and active range of motion is achieved?
80%
If a diagnostic test has a sensitivity of 80%, it can be assumed that ________ of patients WITH the condition are correctly identified.
80%
Normal ROM for cervical flexion is _____ degrees.
80-90
Following a 20- to 30-minute cold application, it is estimated that the rewarming time to approach normal body temperature is:
90 minutes
If a diagnostic test has a specificity of 90%, it can be assumed that _______ of patients who do not have the condition are correctly identified.
90%
The cosine law states that the maximum effects of energy occur when it is applied to the body at an angle of:
90*
Why is it important to ask the patient about history of prior injury or pre-existing conditions during the history portion of the on-site assessment?
A pre-existing condition or injury may have exacerbated the current injury or may hold implications for how the current injury is managed.
During a postural assessment, the clinician observes the patient has greater muscle hypertrophy and definition in the right upper extremity compared with the left. The patient is likely:
A right-handed unilateral overhead throwing athlete
What type of movement determines possible damage to contractile tissue and measures movement coordination?
AROM
Which of the following are characteristics of food poisoning?
Abdominal gas and pain Low-grade fever Nausea Diarrhea
The route of administration is oral for which of the following medications?
Acetaminophen Parafon Forte Pepto-Bismol Metamucil Dexamethasone
difference between acetaminophen and ibuprofen
Acetaminophen (Tylenol and many other brand names) and ibuprofen (Advil) are used to manage mild to moderate pain and fever.mAcetaminophen is a pain reliever (analgesic) and fever reducer (antipyretic), send blood to GI away from muscles, and ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
Which of the following are short-term physical effects of anabolic steroid use?
Acne Gynecomastia Enhanced facial and body hair growth Increased risk of muscles strains/ruptures
What is the most common side effect associated with the use of human growth hormone?
Acromegaly
Stages of Readiness for seeking assistance for an addictive behavior
Action (starts changing behavior) Contemplation (thinking about changing) Follow up (relapse is a primary concern) pre-contemplation (consideration to change) preparation (decides to change behavior)
Which of the following are contraindications for the use of thermotherapy?
Acute inflammation or injuries Impaired or poor circulation Subacute or chronic pain Advanced arthritis Impaired or poor sensation
Which of the following are indications for the use of ultrasound? (Choose all that apply.)
Acute inflammatory conditions (pulsed) Chronic inflammatory conditions (pulsed or continuous) Spasticity/muscle spasm Trigger areas Increase extensibility of collagen tissue Joint adhesions/contractures Neuroma
Movement of a drug through the body involves five steps. What are those steps? (Choose all that apply.)
Administration Absorption Distribution Metabolism Excretion
Which of the following are over-the-counter medications?
Advil Orudis KT Naproxen
Which of the following statements pertaining to drug dosing intervals and plasma concentrations is TRUE?
An adequate response to a drug cannot occur until plasma levels meet the minimum effective concentration.
Which of the following statements pertaining to the principles of taping and wrapping is true?
An injury must be fully evaluated to determine the pathology and severity of injury before any application of tape or a wrap.
The common abbreviation for twice daily is:
BID
Which of the following medications is an antibiotic?
Bacitracin Neosporin Polysporin
The route of administration is topical for which of the following medications? (Choose all that apply.)
Bacitracin Tinactin Flex-All 454
which of the following abnormalities may be noted that are consistent with an anterior shoulder dislocation?
Bankhart and Hill-Sachs lesion
Which of the following factors affects the absorption rate of a drug?
Blood flow Surface area in which the drug dissolves
The cervical plexus originates from which nerve roots?
C1-C4
The brachial plexus originates from which nerve roots?
C5-T1
If an individual has a diminished triceps reflex and weak elbow extension, what nerve root is injured?
C7
The prominent spinous process in the neck is the landmark for which vertebra?
C7
Which cervical nerve is being assessed when a manual muscle test of the triceps brachii is performed?
C7
the middle finger is the dermatome for
C7
Closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercises are recommended for several reasons. One such reason is:
CKC exercises reduce shearing forces about the joint.
A form of radiography that produces a 3-D cross sectional picture of a body part is:
CT scan
What is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted diseases in the United States
Chlamydia
An athletic trainer has a patient who recently sustained a lateral ankle sprain. Throughout the patient's rehabilitation, the athletic trainer monitors factors such as; the amount of dorsiflexion and plantar flexion the patient has, the amount of swelling based on ankle circumference measurements, and the amount of time it takes for the patient to walk a specified distance. The aforementioned factors are all examples of:
Clinician-oriented evidence Disease-oriented evidence
Which of the following are contraindications for the use of cryotherapy?
Cold allergy/cold-induced urticaria Circulatory or sensory impairment Raynaud phenomenon Advanced diabetes
Which of the following is sign or symptom of Crohn disease?
Colicky or steady abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant Lack of appetite Diarrhea
Which of the following statements pertaining to collagenous scar tissue is true?
Collagenous scar formation is a natural component of the repair and regeneration of injured soft tissue.
Which of the following accurately defines "interrater reliability"?
Consistency of measurements made between several researchers or instruments.
Which of the following factors can increase the incidence of hemorrhoids?
Constipation Diarrhea Enlargement of the prostate Uterine fibroids
Which of the following statements pertaining to creatine is TRUE?
Creatine appears to be generally safe, although when it is taken at high doses there is the potential for serious side effects.
A serious, chronic inflammation, usually of the ileum, although it may affect any portion of the intestinal tract is termed:
Crohn disease
What is a major disadvantage of eccentric training?
DOMS
Which of the following are indications for the use of TENS? (Choose all that apply.)
Decrease acute posttraumatic pain Decrease chronic posttraumatic pain Decrease postsurgical pain
Which of the following is a side effect of caffeine overdose?
Delirium Seizures Dyspnea Cardiac arrhythmia Myoclonus
Which of the following statements pertaining to drug excretion is TRUE?
Drug excretion can occur through the urine, sweat, bile, saliva, breast milk, or lungs.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of the rectal route of drug administration?
Drugs can be poorly and incompletely absorbed.
Which of the following are common OTC stool softeners? (Choose all that apply.)
Dulcolax Metamucil Senokot
examples of capital equipment
E Stim unit, ice machine
The goal to provide optimal health care by integrating the best available evidence, clinical expertise of the clinician, and elements individual to the patient, best describes:
EBP
Which of the following would reduce a runner's discomfort from diarrhea?
Eat bland food Eat a low-fiber diet 24-36 hours before exercise
Explain the techniques that should be considered in the preparation of a body part prior to application of tape. (Check only those that apply.)
Ensure that the body part is clean, dry, and free of hair. Cover open wounds with a sterile dressing. Apply a lubricated pad over sensitive areas. Spray a light layer of tape adherent onto the skin surface. For individuals sensitive or allergic to tape, or who must be taped on a daily basis, apply a single layer of foam underwrap.
Infectious mononucleosis is caused by which organism?
Epstein-Barr virus
Exercise-induced shunting can lead to which of the following conditions?
Erosive hemorrhagic gastritis Delayed gastric emptying Diarrhea Intestinal bleeding
Which of the following is an essential hormone for red cell production?
Erythropoietin
In regards to a research study assessing the effectiveness of a treatment or intervention, the rate of adverse outcomes or unsuccessful treatments within the treatment group, is known as the:
Experimental event rate
Which of the following are potential uses for elastic wraps? (Choose all that apply.) A. provide support to joints by B. restricting excessive motions C. secure protective dressings D. provide compression E. limit joint motion F. hold protective pads in place G. give proprioceptive feedback
F. hold protective pads in place C. secure protective dressings D. provide compression G. give proprioceptive feedback
A muscle that can move through some, but not complete, ROM against gravity is graded as
Fair -
A clinician was comparing several research studies to help determine which course of treatment to take for a patient recovering from ACL replacement surgery. She decided to implement a treatment described in the study in which the largest effect size was reported, compared with the other studies. What does this mean?
For the study with the largest effect size, there was the greatest difference in outcomes between the treatment and nontreatment groups.
Osteochondritis Dissecans
Fragment of cartilage and underlying bone is detached from articular surface.
Which of the following statements pertaining to gastroenteritis is TRUE?
Gastroenteritis is self-limiting and usually clears in 2 to 3 days.
Which of the following conditions produces symptoms that are so similar to those of a heart attack that many first-time sufferers are rushed to the nearest medical facility?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
In a static stretch, the action of the _______ enables a safer, more effective stretch.
Golgi tendon organs
A small-amplitude movement at the beginning of the ROM that is used when pain and spasm limit movement early in the ROM is characteristic of a __________ mobilization.
Grade 1
A large-amplitude movement within the mid-ROM that is used when spasm limits movement sooner with a quick oscillation than with a slow one, or when slowly increasing pain restricts movement halfway into the range is characteristic of a __________ mobilization.
Grade 2
A large-amplitude movement up to the pathologic limit in the ROM, that is used when pain and resistance from spasm, inert tissue tension, or tissue compression limit movement near the end of the ROM, is characteristic of a __________ mobilization.
Grade 3
A small-amplitude, quick thrust delivered at the end of the ROM, usually accompanied by a popping sound called a manipulation spasm is characteristic of a __________ mobilization.
Grade 5
A simple calculation for estimating target heart rate for cardiovascular training is:
HRmax = 220-age
Symptoms that usually come on rapidly and include headache, muscle soreness, fatigue, loss of appetite, nasal congestion, sore throat, cough, and chest pains are characteristic of which of the following?
Haemophilus Influenzae type B
Diuretics are used to treat which of the following conditions?
Heart failure Kidney problems Glaucoma