PR+S Exam 2

James Brown

"The Soul Man", "Soul Brother # 1", "Godfather of Soul"most important male soul artist of the 60s. Developed unique rhythm due to unusually big backup band (had full horn section) and his unusually less vocal and instrumentation from the non horns. More emphasis on rhythm as oppose to harmony or melody - very African roots. would be the blueprint for funk and rap. "Papas Got a Brand New Bag" - emphasis on rhythm, percussive sounds, teamwork among the instruments, very open sound

Concept album (artists)

"The Wall" Pink Floyd, "Tommy" The Who

Aretha Franklin

"The queen of Soul" Grew up in the church (gospel) Jerry Wexler started her off in 1967 at Atlantic records, amazing voice. She sang fast soul which was predominantly male. While men sang about their sexual prowess she sang about gaining "Respect" a call to arms of sorts - song became anthem for growing women's movement. Her music was universal and subjective at the same time, ecstasy and empathy - you dance while she sings about tough love. "Respect" - women's point of view, southern soul backup vocals (call and response) add to impact of song, her voice is insane.

Miles Davis (nickname)

"the best damn rock band in the world"

Elvis (nicknames)

"White man with the Negro feel" "king of rock and roll" "R&R's lightning rod"

Elvis Presley

"White man with the Negro feel" "king of rock and roll" "R&R's lightning rod" grittier rockabilly. early career covered a lot of songs recording at Sun Records - brighter tempo, incorporated all musical genres while still sounding like himself. Projected the rebellious R&R attitude that teens loved, was hated by those who hated R&R but never toned it down and thus set the style of R&R as distinct from other genres. His peak was in the late 50s before he joined army in 1958, He dominated the pop charts as the only significant R&R act by far. While he did summarize many musical genres into rock and defined the look and attitude of rock, he didn't write any of his songs and didn't use the rock beat like the rest of the early R&R bands. Fast tempo with a modified two beat rhythm, soulful singing and unique sound, modified version of blues progression.

Ray Charles led to

"back to roots" jazz

Coasters

"doo wop" group from the west coast, worked with L&S and became famous with them producing their songs, black sound, themes were universal so teens of all races related to their songs, sound was slick but not sweet - darkly humorous and not sentimental. "Young Blood" wry tone of lyrics, distinctive shuffle rhythm, showcased all their voices, producer's impact.

Janis Joplin

"rock's original blues diva" Was the most prominent women in SF besides Grace Slick, came from Texas and music was her outlet. Very raw sound and very exuberant performing style reminiscent of male blues singers. Most of her songs were in fact not blues, but the spirit and emotion of blues was always present in her songs. While Slick was pretty and classy, Joplin was not - matched white and black men in their power and presence, paved the way for a larger role in rock for women. "Piece of My Heart" - blues influenced acid rock, passionate singing, rock that is real.

Lieber and Stoller

"we don't write songs, we write records" were first to make the music producer important - a song was not just a melody which singers could perform "their way", but the entire sound world captured on disc. They crafted the entire song, lyrics music instrumentation. They produced songs for everyone big in the late 50s (Elvis, Coasters, Drifters) elevated record production to an art, meticulously making sure the recording was perfect. Among their first hits was "Hound Dog".

Rolling Stones

"world's greatest rock band" very heavily influenced by blues, starting writing original songs after seeing the success of Lennon/McCartney. Their perception of rock was all about the attitude - sexually charged, down and dirty, swaggering, real. Very bluesman attitude, but the Stones formed their own identity around it. Two main qualities to their music: rhythmic groove and the dark nasty sound. They were different from the rest of rock - edgy, dangerous, forbidden fruit to listen too - attracted younger generation tired of teen rock from The Beatles and Beach Boys. "In the work of the Stones, blues became part of the sound of rock."

The Beatles

(62-70) the defining band of the Rock Revolution, they expanded their music to all genres (Indian and classical strings) 3 main reasons for their awesomeness - knowledge of different musical styles, melodic skill, and their sound imagination. Early 60s was very poppy, gushy teenage love songs then they smoked weed and did acid and started making insanely creative and experimentative songs(Representative of the overall evolution of rock in the 60s. In 1964 the rules were still being written, by 1969 the essence of rock had been worked out) Made a movie called A Hard Day's Night in 1964 depicting a typical Beatlemania day, even the movie was groundbreaking. This and the album marks the start of their maturing as a band. Transition from Rock and Roll to Rock in rhythm and sound, mix of tonal pop and modal chords, pop melody with very distinctive features and elements. "A Day in the Life" exemplifies the mature Beatles. They create sound worlds that highlight the contrast between mundane life and the elevated consciousness of an acid trip. sound imagination, persistence of tuneful melody, close coordination between words and music. They showed where rock could go.

James Brown (nickname)

- "The Soul Man", "Soul Brother # 1", "Godfather of Soul"

Rock Revolution

- important for a number of reasons: happened over only a couple of years, most of the music came from outside of the US, many of the songs and bands are still popular even today, music clearly matured throughout the 60s, Everyone liked rock music unlike the fragmented musical audience today, the music reflected social revolution of the 60s

Grateful Dead

- Acid Rock band, started out as a drug band, embraced much more than drug culture. had a large cult following. 2 drummers.

Pop Rock (artists)

- Bacharach, David, Dionee Warwick

Bossa Nova

- Brazilian for "something new and different" emerged in Rio de Janeiro in the late 50s as a more melodic, rhythmicly less complex version of samba. In America, it was combined with Western Jazz in the 60s, only lasted a few years but impact - Bossa Nova rhythms became a pop alternative to rock rhythm, these new rhythms helped shape post 1970 Jazz, reintroduced America to 16-beat rhythm. "The Girl from Ipanema" - Bossa Nova and jazz, song fit in as rock era, brazillian and 16 beat rhythms.

Alan Freed

- DJ called rock and roll rhythem and blues. Wouldn't play white covers of black songs. `

"guitar gods"

- Eric Clapton, Jimmie Hendrix, Jeff Beck, Jimmie Page. The bands they played in were bare bone bands - guitar, bass, drums - all to highlight the lead guitarist. introduced new element into rock: virtuosic soloing. Solid Body Electric Guitar: Les Paul experimented with it to reduce feedback, amplification of 60s made instrument more powerful and sound modifiers(wah-wah pedal) made it more versatile) Clapton and Hendrix - heavily influenced by guitar bluesman and made the electric guitar the solo instrument of rock.

Rock Musical

- Hair ("An American Tribal Love-Rock Musical")(Rado and Ragni wrote and starred in it) was the first one in 1968. Up until then Broadway was the most traditional of the popular music genres, but Hair rejected all conventional Broadway stuff. They took a modern phenomenon (counterculture) and the racy issues that came with it (race, sex, war, drugs). PLot was insignificant, the music and individual scenes were trying to get out the message. None of the singers sang in classic Broadway form, truly captured the spirit of the counterculture. "Aquarius" - no stars or solos (captures the "we" attitude of the 60s), departure from traditional musical, black music influence from Motown and Soul, New age anthem. More shows with rock attitudes and musical styles would emerge after the success of Hair(Grease). After a string of rock musicals into the early 70s, the influence of rock became more indirect but still evident. Took two forms: the use of musical style to evoke a sense of time and place (music of HAir was clearly to evoke the counterculture) and a more clear eyed look at reality.

Sun Records

- Sam Phillips recording studio in Memphis, home of rockabilly, he was a pioneer in early R&R, looked for white men with the negro feel (Elvis was perfect), did many white covers of black music

Bill Haley

- a country western singer who incorporated blues into his songs and wrote and played songs with teen appeal, "Rock around the Clock" - first big hit associated with R&R, top of the charts, was a new type of sound a happier blues infused country song, more closer to rockabilly than to later R&R. Light hearted lyrics and music, quintessential sound of rockabilly.

Loretta Lynn

- became a part of the country music scene in Nashville in the 1960s, and in 1967 charted her first of 16 number 1 hits (out of 70 charted songs as a solo artist and a duet partner[1]) that include "Don't Come Home A' Drinkin' (With Lovin' on Your Mind)", "You Ain't Woman Enough", "Fist City", and "Coal Miner's Daughter". She focused on blue collar women's issues with themes of philandering husbands and persistent mistresses, and pushed boundaries in the conservative genre of country music by singing about birth control ("The Pill"), repeated childbirth ("One's on the Way"), double standards for men and women ("Rated "X""), and being widowed by the draft during the Vietnam War ("Dear Uncle Sam"). Country music radio stations often refused to play her songs. Nonetheless, she became known as "The First Lady of Country Music" and continues to be one of the most successful vocalists of all time.

Surf Music

- first of post 1959 rock styles to add significantly to rock's sound world, and introduced array of new guitar sounds, created the idea of regional rock.

Folk(artists)

- kingston trio, Bob Dylan, woody Guthrie

Bo Diddley

- little commercial success but huge musical influence for later bands, combined R&B with Latin rhythms and instruments, provided the R&R beat(most important contribution) that would be widely used. "Bo Diddley" used maracas, exclusive emphasis on rhythm. Also called "the originator".

Ray Charles

- most important R&B singer of late 50s, blind, piano, responsible for synthesis of blues and gospel - the ecstatic raw energy of gospel music combined with blue. Also was the R&B link to jazz's "return to roots" movement. Embraced Latin rhythms over R&R rhythms, later country and pop. Solo artist that controlled his own music. "What'd I Say" instrumental to vocal, Americanized latin rhythm, blues+gospel+jazz

Acid Rock

- music of the counterculture, named for the music's ability to enhance or evoke a drug experience. No connection musically between any of the acid rock bands, it was LSD - just like the acid trips varied, the music varied. very short lived, lost steam around 1970, due to most of the bands rooted musically in other genres, like blues, rock, and folk

Teen pop idols

- parents got mad at kids so they created new idols for teens to worship.

Multitrack recording

- record each part of the song independently, then splice it all together to create the song. Beach Boys and their producer Brian Wilson were among the first to do this.

Cover

- rock era concept, remakes of existing songs with an understanding that the recording you're covering is the song, not only a version of the song. Many doo-wop songs were covers, but white covers of black songs was big. Black groups and their songs were exploited, usually never saw the money they earned and white covers sold better in the pop market than black originals. This changed in the 60s, where white people opened themselves up to black music.

Folk Revival

1958-1965 (Kingston Trio till Bob Dylan goes electric) Tom Dooley by Kingston Trio topped the charts in 1958, this new folk sound was urban as oppose to country, apolitical at first but then Bob Dylan changed this. Folk rock was the genre that included Bob Dylan and others - message and spirit of folk but in a rock flavor.

Boogie Woogie

A blues piano style characterized by repetitive bass figures, usually in a shuffle rhythm,, the opposite of blues - exiting loud strong, pianos had to be played loud in roudy bars so they developed this loud way of playing the piano, 8 to a bar

Ritchie Valens

A rock and roll pioneer and a forefather of the Chicano rock movement, Valens' recording career lasted only eight months. During this time, however, he scored several hits, most notably "La Bamba", which was originally a Mexican folk song that Valens transformed with a rock rhythm and beat that became a hit in 1958,[1][2] making Valens a pioneer of the Spanish-speaking rock and roll movement.

Rockability

According to Carl Perkins, "a country take on R&R, performed mainly by white Southerners, that combined elements of country music with R&R", most popular in mid 50s in Memphis. put some speed into some slow blues licks. Bill Haleys "Rock around the Clock" - first big hit associated with R&R

Rock and Roll

After WWII, people had more money to spend, this trickled down to teenagers who started to be appealed by rebellious themes - Rock and Roll epitomized this sediment. Was born out of R&B, and started becoming a distinct genre around 1955. "All of it - the music, the lyrics, the look - horrified teens' parents; that was part of the appeal."

the Beach Boys (nicknames)

Americas band

Soul (artists)

Aretha Franklin, James Brown

Surf Rock (artists)

Beach Boys

Motown (artists)

Berry Gordon Jr, Temptations, The Supremes, Marvin Gaye

Rockability(artists)

Bill Halley, Sun Records, Jerry Lee Lewis

R&B and Latin (artists)

Bo Diddley

2nd gen rock

Bob Dylan Beatles Buddy Holly Rolling Stones Cream Grateful dead British invasion in general Soul Aretha Franklin

Backersfield Sound (artists)

Buck Owens

Rock and Roll (artists)

Chuck Berry(rock beat - guitar), Elvis Presley, Little Richard (rock rhythm - piano)

Loretta Lynn (nickname)

Countrys First lady

Motown

Created by Berry Gordy Jr. in 60s The organizational structure was a pyramid- He was at top, then the songwriters and producers, the house musicians, then the acts themselves. Goal - black pop that would gain the widest appeal

1st gen rock

Doo wop Elvis Jerry lee lewis Bill Haley Bo Didley Chuck Berry Little Richard Richie Valens Ray Charles Coasters Shirelles Beach Boys Chifones

Creedance clear water revival

played down to earth rock and roll. From SF bay area southern rock style.

Guitar Gods/ Power trio (artsts)

Eric Clapton, Jimi Hindrex, Jeff Beck, Jimmie Page

Chiffons

Girl group

Rock Musical (examples)

Hair

The 60s

Heading into the 60s pop, Broadway, jazz, country, and Latin music were big and didn't seemed to be threatened by R&R. However, all these genres would suffer in the coming decade due to R&Rs emergence and popularity. The ones that survived were those that incorporated rock into their respective genres

Concept Album

In music, a concept album is an album that is "unified by a theme, which can be instrumental, compositional, narrative, or lyrical."[1] Commonly, concept albums tend to incorporate preconceived musical or lyrical ideas rather than being improvised or composed in the studio, with all songs contributing to a single overall theme or unified story. This is in contrast to the practice of an artist or group releasing an album consisting of a number of unconnected (lyrically or otherwise) songs performed by the artist.

Country Music

In the beginning, country music fed into R&R. Roy Orbison was probably the first country rocker. However, going into the 60s country was pretty distinct from rock mainly in Nashville. Again, by the late 60s rock would start influencing country like every other genre. One result was that typical country songs about the relationship between a man and woman would acquire a more modern cast. The genre expanded its audience by the 70s - rock era listeners were more open to different styles of music, the continuing interchange between rock country and pop, pop country was the biggest.

Miles Davis led to

Jazz/Rock

Acid Rock(artists)

Jefforson Airplane, Grateful Dead, Janis Joplin (blues)

Santana (nickname)

King of latin rock

Eric Clapton

Lead guitarist for Cream. Cream was known as the first of Power Trios: Lead Guitar, Bass, Drums. Clapton was the first major rock performer to play extended improvised solos, didn't even have a rhythm guitar in their performances. Their recordings, since he couldn't just solo on the radio, was psychedelic rock with a blues connection. made the guitar an extension of himself. their songs repeated the riff throughout the song(new), Cream helped loosen up rock rhythm, brought the essence of blues guitar style into rock.

Metal Rock led to

Led Zepplin

Producer (artists)

Leiber and Stroller

Jazz Rock(artists)

Miles Davis

Jazz Rock

Miles Davis was one of the best jazz musicians into the 60s pretty tuniversally respected. However, when he realized that rock was the future he decided in 1968 to go electric to create the "the best damn rock band in the world" move was controversial (similar to what happened when Dylan went electric) his music was unlike anything around it. Took rock elements and freed them with jazz. "shh" - fusion (term for jazz rock) between James brown rock and improvisation from jazz, very open form, while containing elements of both certainly not rock or jazz. New Jazz differed from 50s jazz in a number of ways - bigger and electric instrumentation, 8 or 16 beat rhythms (from rock), collective conception (rock) with everyone soloing instead of just one person(jazz), long sequential multisectional forms were the norm.

British Invasion

The wave of British bands that came to America during the 60's. Includes The Beatles, Rolling Stones, The Kinks, The Animals. Later Cream, Led Zeppelin, and the Who. While previously America was source of popular music, now Europe (UK) started being main source of pop music. Fueled the rise of rock in the US, first time Americans were listening to nonAmerican music without holding anything against them due to their nationality - representative of the open mindedness of the 60s.

Doo Wop led to

Motown

Supreme and Temptations

Motown groups

Dark Ages

Music Sucked from 1957-1964

Aretha Franklin (nickname)

Queen of soul

BUddy Holly (nickname)

R&Rs everyman

R&B+Jazz+blues+gospel (artists)

Ray Charles

Muddy Waters

Recorded "Hoochie Coochie Man" in 1954. He was known as the father of modern Chicago Blues. He is ranked #17 in rolling stones list of 100 greatest artists all time

Chicano Rock (artists)

Richie Valens

Janis Joplin (nickname)

Rocks original blue Diva

Rock Blues (artists)

Rolling Stones

Latin Rock (artists)

Santana

Girl Group (artists)

Shirelles

Country/rock (artists)

Tammy Wynette, Loretta Lynn

British Invasion (artists)

The Beatles, Rolling Stones, The Kinks, The Animals

Doo Wop (artists)

The Chords, Coasters

Louis Jordan

The Saxophonist for his Jump Band Louis Jordan and his tympany 5. He wrote the song "Choo Choo Ch'boogie.

Mahavishnu Orchestra

The band's original lineup featured "Mahavishnu" John McLaughlin on acoustic and electric guitars, with members Billy Cobham on drums, Rick Laird on bass guitar, Jan Hammer on electric and acoustic piano and synthesizer, and Jerry Goodman on violin. This first incarnation of the ensemble was a multinational group: McLaughlin is from Yorkshire, England; Cobham from Panama; Hammer from Prague, Czechoslovakia; Goodman from Chicago, Illinois; and Laird from Dublin, Ireland. Jean-Luc Ponty was actually McLaughlin's first choice for violinist, but the idea was stalled by "immigration problems". Ponty would later play with McLaughlin on both Apocalypse and Visions of the Emerald Beyond. The group is best known for their albums The Inner Mounting Flame (1971) and Birds of Fire (1973).

Counter Culture

The youth of the 60s grew up with money and looked at the "establishment" as conservative, bigoted, materialistic, etc. They formed communes which acted, dressed, and spoke differently. Concentrated on 4 issues: minority rights, sexual freedom, drug use, and war. San Francisco was the home of the hippies (corner of Haight and Ashbury st at Golden Gate Park, rock music was everywhere, especially acid rock, flower power and Summer of Love 1967

Bacharach and David

Tin Pan Alley was reduced to only the Brill Building by 1960, tried to make pop rock. Hal David and Burt Bacharach were most inventive. David wrote the lyrics, Bacharach wrote the music, and Dionne Warwick sang the songs. Since David/BAcharach wrote for pretty much only her, they had a lot of control over the music. Bacaharach's music was unique bc: carefully constructed arrangement (barely any sound hooks), unusual harmonies and rhythms, innovative forms unlike anything at the time. It is clear that R&R had an impact on his music (rhythm, texture, endweighted form) While drastically different that what rock was, pop rock mature as it was incorporated many different musical styles into it. He modernized the pop song in a way. Gave rise to future soft rock.

The Who

are an English rock band formed in 1964 by Roger Daltrey (lead vocals, harmonica and guitar), Pete Townshend (guitar, keyboards and vocals), John Entwistle (bass guitar, brass and vocals) and Keith Moon (drums and percussion). They became known for energetic live performances which often included instrument destruction.[2][3] The Who have sold about 100 million records,[4] and have charted 27 top forty singles in the United Kingdom and United States, as well as 17 top ten albums, with 18 Gold, 12 Platinum and 5 Multi-Platinum album awards in the United States alone. they were a major contributor to the british invasion and their joeys favorite band.

Power Trio

band consists of just three instruments - guitar, bass, drums. The point of the band was to highlight the lead guitarist (Clapton and Hendrix)

Buck Owens

better known as Buck Owens, was anAmerican singer and guitarist who had 21 No. 1 hits on the Billboard country music charts with his band, the Buckaroos. They pioneered what came to be called the Bakersfield sound—a reference to Bakersfield, California, the city Owens called home and from which he drew inspiration for what he preferred to call American music.[1]

Jimi Hendrix

black guitarist that came from a very blues background. Greatly increased the range, volume, and variety of sounds of electric blues into rock. pioneered the use of the instrument as an electric sound source, using feedback and distortion as part of the song. died of drug-alcohol interaction in 1970. His music is extremely influential, can be seen in hard rock in the 70s and 80s.

T-Bone Walker

black performer played guitar behind head while doing splits.

The twist

chubby checker

Triplet

divides beat into 3 equal parts

the rolling stones (nickname)

the worlds greatest rockband

Latin Rock

during the 50s and 60s, Latin influences on rock were marginal at best. However, starting with Santana in 1969, it would form a distinct musical genre. Santana was a blues styled guitarist - connected Afro-Cuban music with rock into a one band rock substyle. While some bands tried to emulate Santana's success, few came close and the Latin rock faded away "Oye Como Va" - instrumentation included classic rock and Afro-Cuban instruments, clave like rhythm with rock based guitar and organ solos

Bob Dylan

early stuff was very Woody Guthrieish, as the decade wore on his lyrics and music got more surreal and added rock instruments to his music. Bringing It All Back Home - one side acoustic, one side rock. Folk people thought he was a traitor, but this was the start of rock side. His music was meaningful and challeneged listeners to become engaged, one can be sophisticated without being "sophisticated" - new mode of artiness in pop music. confrontational tone, serious musical statement without classical sound, fused blues country and rock, rock attitude

Pink Floyd

english rock band psychedelic and art rock. Obscure stuff, studio stuff, each person in band contributed own part and made a mixure of work.

Tammy Wynette

famous for expressing in song how love can go wrong, her life was a country song waiting to happen. Married George Jones who performed many duets with her. Her songs exemplified Nashvilles country music - simple songs designed to highlight the singer rather than the other parts of the song.

Shirelles

female quartet, first successful girl group. They appealed to teens and crossed racial lines, "Will You love me Tomorrow" vulnerable lyrics, dressed up classily, simple rock rhythm, teen themed song, black vocal style, poplike strings. The different components of their songs send different messages, part of their appeal.

Jefferson Airplane

first band to spotlight acid rock in San Francisco, Grace Slick their leade singer was a woman, "White Rabbit" - song about Alice and wonderland and scene where the caterpillar is smoking opium - lyrics and way they are sung (slow, trippy) are most important aspect of song, Spanish flavor, big crescendo message to do acid. "Slick took her audience into a fantasy world"

Significant new Developments in Rock

fully integrated (black music inspired white music and vice a versa), performers started writing their own songs, the whole song inlcuding the instrumentation and arrangement became important (not only the vocals), multitrack recording enabled creating the song in different stages which allowed musicians to be able to experiment at every level of the song, brand new sounds - electronic bass and guitar, new loud amps that allowed bigger concerts, the whole band became important, rock beat - new beat developed by chuck berry but became important when the whole band started playing it - no set rhythm more creative independence by each instrument, shared melody - most songs have a hook (opening riff by which the song can be immediately identified), music came from all genres and styles - no holding back.

Bubble Gum

genre of pop music, up beat sound appealed to pre teens and teenagers

Soul

in the 60s, soul was the term for popular black music, but more specifically "the emotionally charged black music of the 60s that draws deeply on gospel and the blues." Also, was reminiscent of the emerging black pride in the 60s. Different from white music in three respects: black had strong gospel tradition, growing division between R&R and R&B (R&B needed a horn section where R&R didn't), artistic control of a couple soul music producers. Big in Memphis and Muscle Shoals. Very emotional and heavy on the horns and bass rather than the guitar. Lasted less than a decade, started declining at the assassination of MLK.

Pop Rock

incorporation of rock elements (rock rhythms and forms) into songs with a pop sensibility

Little Richard

invented the clear locked in rock rhythm (a steady rhythm moving twice as fast as the beat with a strong backbeat perfectly in sync with the rest of the band) Known for crazy performances, was responsible for the new beat of R&R on a piano. "Tutti Frutti"

Chicago Blues

is a form of blues music that developed inChicago, Illinois, by taking the basic acoustic guitar andharmonica-based Delta blues, making the harmonica louder with a microphone and an instrument amplifier, and adding electrically amplified guitar, amplified bass guitar, drums, piano and sometimessaxophone and trumpet.

Jerry Lee Lewis

is an American rock and roll and country music singer-songwriter and pianist. An early pioneer of rock and roll music, Lewis's career faltered after he married his young cousin, and he afterwards made a career extension to country and western music. He is known by the nickname 'The Killer'. famous single "great balls of fire"

Jump Blues

kept the rythem section but decreased horn section from standard blues.

"the day music died"

lyric from "American Pie" by Don Mclean. Buddy Holly, Richie Valens, and JP "the Big Bopper" Richardson die in a plane crash on Feb. 3, 1959. Was one of series of events (Elvis being drafted into the army, Little Richard became a preacher, Chuck Berry arrested, Jerry Lee Lewis marries 13 year old cousin without divorcing wife, payola scandal - DJs took bribes to play certain songs, licensing rights became an issue) that led to belief that R&R was done as a fad by the early 60s.

Motown Sound

melodic saturation (all the instrumentation in the song contributed to the melody), good but unobtrusive beat (strong backbeat with an understatement of everything else), broad sound spectrum(very full sound vocals and instrumentation, appealed to many people), predictable form. These 4 aspects provided easy entry into a Motown song. Motown emphasized the romance aspect of love, as oppose to rock which was evolving a more cynical and lustful view of love. Also, for the first time a black style was on equal footing as white music.

Buddy Holly

most creative mind in R&R's second generation, he loved early R&R and his band, the Crickets started making innovative R&R. No steady rhythm, lyrics spoke of the underdog a lot - "R&R's first everyman" While not dance music like the other R&R songs, his music would profoundly influence 60s rock. First hit was "That'll Be the Day". "Not Fade Away" teen lyrics with feeling, beyond dance music, rapid evolution of R&R. Norman Petty producer for Holly.

Beach Boys

most important and innovative of surf bands, early stuff took from Chuck Berry, glorified surfer lifestyle. "I get around" instrumentation was unique, performance style(high lead singing in a harmony) their music, while sounding all "fun in the sun" was highly sophisticated and produced.

Girl Groups

new genre of Rock, "written and performed by women, lyrics were from women's perspective on the fragility of love" this emergence of women's influence over the music reflects the maturing and changing of racial, gender, and social attitudes of the 1960s.

King Crimson

rock band

Bacharach led to

soft rock

Otis Reading

soul singer over powerful backing.

POCO

southern California country rock band

Race Records

term in 1920s to describe African American records made for AA communities.

The Beatles (nickname)

the Fab four

Jerry Lee Lewis (nickname)

the Killer

Bo Diddley (nickname)

the Originator

Chuck Berry (nickname)

the architect of R&R

Chuck Berry

ultimate architect of R&R, more than anyone else in the 50s he crafted the style that would soon lead to R&R, appealed to the emerging teen spirit, his songs were the most frequently covered by early 60s rock bands. He took R&B up tempos, heavy backbeat, blues-based verse/chorus form and created an essential new genre. First to overdub, the man. Many many hits. He perfected the rock beat on guitar. "Johnny B. Goode" "Maybelline" Leonard chess was producer for Berry's hits. "Architect of RR"

Bakersfield Sound

was a genre of country music developed in the mid- to late 1950s in and aroundBakersfield, California.[1] The many hit singles were largely produced by Capitol Records country music head, Ken Nelson.[1][2] Bakersfield country was a reaction against the slickly produced, string orchestra-laden Nashville sound, which was becoming popular in the late 1950s. Buck Owens and the Buckaroos andMerle Haggard and the Strangers are the most successful artists of the original Bakersfield sound era.

Animals

were an English music group of the 1960s formed in Newcastle upon Tyne during the early part of the decade, and later relocated to London. The Animals were known for their gritty, bluesy sound and deep-voiced frontman Eric Burdon, as exemplified by their number one signature song "The House of the Rising Sun" as well as by hits such as "We Gotta Get Out of This Place", "It's My Life", and "Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood". The band balanced tough, rock-edged pop singles against rhythm and blues-oriented album material. They were known in the U.S. as part of the British Invasion

Kinks

were an English rock band formed in Muswell Hill, North London, by brothers Ray and Dave Davies in 1964. Categorised in the United States as a British Invasion band, The Kinks are recognised as one of the most important and influential rock acts of the era.[1][2] Their music was influenced by a wide range of genres, including rhythm and blues, British music hall, folk and country

Led Zeppelin

were an English rock band, active in the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s. Formed in 1968, they consisted of guitaristJimmy Page, singer Robert Plant, bassist/keyboardist John Paul Jones, and drummer John Bonham. With their heavy, guitar-drivenblues rock sound, Led Zeppelin are regularly cited as one of the progenitors of heavy metal and hard rock even though the band's individualistic style drew from many sources and transcends any singlemusic genre. Led Zeppelin did not release songs from their albums as singles in the United Kingdom, as they preferred to establish the concept of album-orientated rock.

Doo Wop (gospel roots)

~1955, pop oriented R&B genre that typically featured remakes of popular standards or pop-style originals sung by black vocal groups. Died out in early 60s with the rise of girl groups and Motown. "ShBoom" used voices as instruments - the function of nonsense syllables is to inject rhythmic energy into the song. Used syllabus rich in consonant sounds (b) or sustain (sh or m). Jump band lite.