PSY 101 EXAM 2

By age ____________, a child's vision becomes similar to an adult's.?

3 or 4

The string of digits 17749991941 is difficult for most people to remember, but breaking them up into 177, 999,1941 in a process called ____________ makes it easier.

Chunking

Knowledge that one has gained from experience and learning, education, and practice, is called ______________ intelligence.

Crystallized

Abdul looks around in his house for his wallet but cannot find it. He realizes that the last time he saw his wallet was at the grocery store. He looks in the freezer and finds his wallet next to the ice cream he bought at the store. Abdul's forgetfulness most likely occurred because:

His attention was divided

Erik Erikson defined ______________ as the ability to fuse one's identity with another's without the fear of losing it.

intimacy

Freud believed that dreams had two levels of meaning, the __________ content, which is the content that appears on the surface, and the __________ content, which is hidden and only represented symbolically.

manifest....latent

Information can make its way into consciousness through the unattended ear if it is:?

meaningful

Explicit memory refers to:

memories that can be deliberately accessed or declared.

False memories are an example of:

suggestibility

Nine-month-old Terrell is screaming and crying because his mother has dropped him off at the day care. He displays this distress each time she leaves him. Terrell is likely experiencing _____.

Separation anxiety

What part of memory stores limited information long enough to remember a phone number before one dials it?

Short-term memory

Compared with young adults, older adults are likely to

Spend less time in NREM stage 1 sleep DOUBLE CHECK THIS ANSWER

_____ occurs when memories are implanted in our minds based on leading questions, comments, or suggestions from someone else or some other source.

Suggestiblity

A teratogen is:

any substance that disrupts normal prenatal development.

With each progressive cycle, the REM periods

are longer

According to the model of temperament developed by Alexander Thomas and Stella Chess, the ________________ child is predictable in daily functions, is happy most of the time, and is adaptable.?

easy

Tiffany Field and her colleagues (1986) conducted an experiment to determine whether regular touch might help tiny premature infants. During the experiment she found that the babies who received touch therapy _____________ than those who did not.

gained significantly more weight

One well-established effect of hypnosis is to

inhibit pain

Which of the following can be best described as a condition that results from habitual use or physical and psychological dependence on a substance?

Addictions

Since Wanda's brain operation she has been unable to store any new memories to recall them an hour or more later. However, she still recalls everything that happened before her operation. What kind of memory loss does she have?

Anterograde amnesia

Incorporating new information into existing theories is to ________ as modifying existing theories in light of new information is to ________.

Assimilation; accommodation

In human development, ______________ refers to the strong emotional connection that develops early in life to keep infants close to their caregivers.?

Attachment

Which of the following can be considered a key element of consciousness?

Attention

An impaired theory of mind is most closely associated with

Autism spectrum disorder

Harry Harlow's monkey experiment showed that _____________ is as essential a function of nursing in humans as is nutrition.

Body contact

The key event that distinguishes the embryonic stage from the third stage, the fetal stage, is the formation of the ___________.?

Bone cells

Sleep deprivation has been shown to

Diminish immunity to disease

What does the AIM theory argue??

Dreams are devoid of meaning and a result of random brain activity

The cell phone vs. alcohol research presented in the lecture showed that

Driving while using a cell phone can be more dangerous than driving after drinking

Of the following, _____ is the first processing stage in long-term memory formation.

Encoding

Research on forgetting began in the 1880s with Herman Ebbinghaus, who found that recall shows a steady decline over time. This decline is now termed as Ebbinghaus's:

Forgetting curve

______________ memory is a brief visual record left on the retina of the eye.?

Iconic

Aaliyah remembers how to drive a car with a manual transmission, but when asked how she does it, she just says, "I don't know?it's automatic." This is an example of her:

Implicit memory

In the research shown in the memory lecture, amnesic patients generally perform _______ as good as healthy adults.

Implicit memory tests

Some animals, especially birds, follow and imitate the first large creature they see immediately after birth. This behavior is called ____________.?

Imprinting

If an infant shows a secure attachment in the Strange Situation, according to Erik Erikson, what if anything can we predict about later behavior?

In adulthood, this person is likely to form good intimate relationships

Which of the following refers to a phenomenon by which one fails to notice unexpected objects in her or his surroundings?

Inattentional blindness

According to the strange situation experiment conducted by Mary Ainsworth, ______________ infants often show little to no distress in separation episodes, and when the mother returns, the infants tend to ignore and avoid her, focusing instead on something else in the room.

Insecure-avoidant

Which of the following is true of the functions of sleep?

It consolidates memory

Which of the following is true of human brain developemnt?

It continues after birth

Which of the following is true about short-term memory??

It is a place to temporarily store information when one needs while working on a problem.

What does neuroscientific research on hypnosis indicate??

It is a real activity that the brain experiences

Which of the following best describes the function of the visuospatial sketch pad??

It provides brief storage for images, scenes, and photos.

Which of the following is true about sensory memory?

It usually holds information in its original sensory form for a very brief period of time (less than a second).

When asked where the sun goes at night, 4-year-old Kiet explains to his dad that it goes to sleep. Later that day, Kiet gets upset because he believes his sister's glass contains more juice than his glass. Both glasses actually contain the same amount of juice, but Kiet is confused because of the tall and thin shape of his sister's glass. From these instances, we can say that Kiet is in the ____________ stage of Piaget's cognitive development.?

Preoperational

The main explanation for the ______________ effect is that the items at the beginning of a list are quickly rehearsed and transferred to long-term memory storage.?

Primacy

With learning and experience certain synaptic connections become stronger, whereas those that do not receive stimulation from the environment die off. This process is known as ___________.?

Pruning

What does REM stand for?

Rapid eye movement

Which of the following factors contributes most positively to the development of secure attachment between human infants and their mothers?

Responsive parenting

One's inability to remember the name of a person after meeting her, even if one repeats her name multiple times immediately after hearing it, is a common _____ problem.

Retrieval

Keith first studied for his sociology exam and then for his psychology exam in the same evening. When it was time for him to take his sociology exam, all he could remember was psychology material. Keith's forgetting is an example of:

Retroactive interference

Nina is attending a get-together where she has to struggle to listen to a conversation with her colleague due to a lot of background noise. However, her ears prick up as soon as she hears her name being mentioned by someone in another part of the room and, consequently, she loses the thread of conversation with her colleague. Which of the following terms best describes the experience Nina has??

The cocktail party effect

Which of the following tests, upon research, yielded classic scientific evidence for selective attention?

The dichotic listening test

Which of the following holds true regarding sleep?

The sleeping state can be immediately reversed

Psychologists created the false-belief task to determine when children develop ___________.?

Theory of mind

Which of the following is true regarding alcohol consumption of the mother during pregnancy??

There is no known safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

In which state will a person be wakeful but not very aware?

Vegetative

From the list that Jill made for a shopping trip to the grocery store, she could recall only the items in the beginning and in the end of a list. This is called:?

the serial position effect