PSY 121 Ch. 16

What is the effectiveness rate of ECT in severe treatment-resistant depression? -15 percent -80 percent -50 percent -65 percent

80 percent

_______ is the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences. -Research-integrated practice -Clinical-based practice -Evidence-based psychotherapy -Evidence-based practice

Evidence-based practice

____________ care is the most common form of treatment for mental illness. -Outpatient -Partial hospitalization -Intensive outpatient -Inpatient

Outpatient

Ethan has watched his brother receive praise and attention for his running achievements. Ethan has decided that he also would like to receive that type of praise and attention, so he has started to work out and run with his brother. Ethan has learned through ____________. -exposure therapy -extinction therapy -token economy -observational learning

observational learning

Rosa is afraid of flying but won a free trip to Hawaii. Her therapist instructs Rosa to create a list of things that make her anxious about flying from the least fearful to the most fearful. Rosa and her therapist next work through the list using relaxation techniques to help relieve her anxious responses. What technique is the therapist using? -Systematic desensitization -Aversive conditioning -Contingency contract -Flooding

Systematic desensitization

During the Middle Ages, what was considered the cause of mental illness? -Disruptive family relationships -Biochemical imbalances -Demonic possession -Imbalance of the four bodily humors

Demonic possession

How is ECT administered differently now than it was in the past? -Doctors use muscle relaxers to prevent strong convulsions. -A patient is forced into ECT by their doctor. -It is the first treatment used for depression. -The electrodes are placed inside the brain.

Doctors use muscle relaxers to prevent strong convulsions.

What is the most effective treatment for phobias? -Medications -Psychodynamic therapy -Cognitive therapy -Exposure-based treatments

Exposure-based treatments

A person with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder is going to be treated with which type of treatment first? -Interpersonal therapy -Humanistic therapy -Medications -Cognitive behavioral therapy

Medications

This type of therapy views symptoms as side effects of deeper underlying problems rooted in childhood or past experiences. -Behavioral therapy -Humanistic therapy -Cognitive therapy -Psychodynamic therapy

Psychodynamic therapy

Spencer is telling his therapist how he bullied another student at school by posting pictures of the student in the locker room on Instagram. Spencer keeps looking at the therapist to see if she is mad or disgusted with him. Spencer is likely in need of ________________ from his therapist. -genuineness -active listening -accurate empathy -unconditional positive regard

unconditional positive regard

Beck's cognitive triad consists of negative automatic thoughts about the _______, the self, and ____________. -future; the past -world; the past -future; illogical thoughts -world; the future

world; the future

Trenton has been experiencing depression for several months. He felt hopeful when he discovered a research study that was testing the effectiveness of a new type of drug. Unbeknownst to Trenton, he was assigned to the control group. If the drug manufacturer wanted to show that the medication was better than a placebo, what should the control group receive? -A different, established antidepressant -Nothing -A different, but untested antidepressant -A sugar pill

A sugar pill

What was the unintended consequence of the deinstitutionalization movement of the 20th century? -A decrease in the number of people on medications -A decrease in the homeless population -An increase in the population of prisons and jails -A decrease in transitional care for support of the mentally ill

An increase in the population of prisons and jails

_______ were established during the 18th century to treat mental illness but ended up leading to _________ of the mentally ill. -Group homes; overcrowding and abuse -Asylums; mistreatment -Group homes; over-medicating -Asylums; over-medicating

Asylums; mistreatment

What does research suggest about the effectiveness of Alcoholics Anonymous as treatment for substance abuse? -The findings are inconsistent. -Humanistic therapy has better evidence for effectiveness. -AA has no effect on abstinence rates. -Attendance at AA meetings increases abstinence rates.

Attendance at AA meetings increases abstinence rates.

Which type of therapy was developed by Carl Rogers? -Cognitive-behavioral -Client-centered -Gestalt -Psychodynamic

Client-centered

A written agreement between the therapist and the client that specifies the goals for behavioral change is called ___________________. -Behavior chart -Goal planning -Token economy -Contingency management

Contingency management

_________ therapy gives clients the chance to observe others, practice social skills, and change their thinking and behaviors based on other people's influence and input. -Individual -Group -Behavioral -Online

Group

Which of the following is a component of successful couples therapy? -Decreasing physical aggression -Resolving issues related to child-rearing -Establishing relationship boundaries -Improving communication

Improving communication

What is an effective way to reduce the stigma against mental illness? -Provide educational campaigns to raise awareness. -Keep people with mental illness in group homes, separate from others. -Increase contact with people who are mentally ill. -Increase awareness of what causes mental illness.

Increase contact with people who are mentally ill.

Olivia will have months of severe depression in which she struggles to complete daily tasks and has overwhelming feelings of sadness. She also experiences periods of euphoria for a week in which she doesn't sleep, has racing thoughts, and thinks she will be the next major movie star even though she never has acted in a movie. The doctor she consulted wants her to try the mood-stabilizing drug __________. -Wellbutrin -Lithium -Prozac -Xanax

Lithium

What is one negative consequence of the stigma associated with mental illness? -Decreased family involvement -Lowered self-esteem in the individual with the mental illness -Problems with receiving an education -Decreased attendance at work

Lowered self-esteem in the individual with the mental illness

How is mental illness viewed among some Asian cultures? -Mental illness can be cured by having a strong mind and stronger willpower. -Mental illness is treatable and just needs the correct diagnosis. -Mental illness is shameful and caused by evil spirits. -Mental illness is genetic and must be avoided by marrying the correct person.

Mental illness is shameful and caused by evil spirits.

Which group is most likely to drop out of mental health treatment prematurely? -Children -Men -Minorities -Women

Minorities

Which disorder responds to bilateral anterior capsulotomy with promising results? -Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) -Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) -Generalized anxiety disorder -Depression

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

There is a debate about whether psychotherapy or medication is the most effective form of treatment. What do surveys suggest? -Psychotherapy is superior to medication. -Outcomes are generally similar among all groups. -None of the answers are correct. -Medication is superior to psychotherapy.

Outcomes are generally similar among all groups.

Richard overate during one meal and thought, "I'm going to end up overweight for the rest of my life." This is an example of which cognitive distortion? -Negative thought pattern -Mental filter -All-or-nothing thinking -Overgeneralization

Overgeneralization

What explanation does the cognitive model give for depression? -People have negative experiences in childhood, which later lead to depressed mood. -People engage in negative, self-defeating thoughts, which causes their mood to become depressed. -People have behaviors that are negative and self-defeating, which leads to depression. -People have negative self-defeating childhoods, which leads to depression.

People engage in negative, self-defeating thoughts, which causes their mood to become depressed.

The effectiveness of therapy has been extensively studied. What conclusion can be reached? -No therapy and psychotherapy have the same effectiveness rates. -Cognitive therapy is better than any other form of therapy. -Psychotherapy is more effective for the treatment of mental illness than no treatment at all. -Behavioral therapy is better than any other form of therapy.

Psychotherapy is more effective for the treatment of mental illness than no treatment at all.

Which neurotransmitters do most antidepressants affect? -Glutamate and GABA -Norepinephrine and dopamine -Serotonin and norepinephrine -Serotonin and dopamine

Serotonin and norepinephrine

___________ must be ruled out when determining the effectiveness of a particular therapy. -Spontaneous remission -Gender differences -Random effects -Medication-induced effects

Spontaneous remission

Family therapy has been shown to be particularly effective for which groups of people? -Individuals with bipolar disorder and depression -Substance abusers and adolescents with anorexia nervosa -Substance abusers and individuals with schizophrenia -Adolescents with eating disorders and individuals with bipolar disorder

Substance abusers and adolescents with anorexia nervosa

What is an important component to successfully treating people with culturally diverse backgrounds? -The therapist needs to understand the patient's cultural background and adapt the treatment accordingly. -Teach the patient English so they can understand the therapist. -Involve the family of the patient in the treatment. -Train therapists with the same ethnic or cultural backgrounds.

The therapist needs to understand the patient's cultural background and adapt the treatment accordingly.

What is one of the challenges people face when seeking mental health treatment under the current mental health parity law? -Insurance will not cover mental health treatment. -An overabundance of mental health professionals has led to confusion for patients seeking treatment. -A decline in the number of mentally ill people has reduced the need for treatment. -There is a shortage of qualified mental health professionals.

There is a shortage of qualified mental health professionals.

What is the benefit of atypical antipsychotic medications? -They have no side effects. -They target the negative symptoms of schizophrenia as well as the positive symptoms. -They are covered by insurance, and the typical ones are not covered by insurance. -They have a lower cost.

They target the negative symptoms of schizophrenia as well as the positive symptoms.

What is one reason for inpatient treatment for individuals with mental illness? -To ensure that the medical bills will be paid for by insurance -To ensure that the patient will follow through with the treatment -To ensure the safety and well-being of the person receiving treatment -To ensure that the doctor has access to the patient when necessary

To ensure the safety and well-being of the person receiving treatment

In 1792, Philippe Pinel argued that mentally ill patients should be ____________. -given heavy doses of medications -chained to their beds and punished -able to move around freely and exercise outdoors -medicated and returned to their home environments

able to move around freely and exercise outdoors

SSRIs work by ________ the _______ of serotonin in the brain. -accelerating; reuptake -increasing; breakdown -blocking; reuptake -blocking; production

blocking; reuptake

Daryn was struggling with motivation to complete homework and attend classes. She met with a therapist and expressed her frustration with herself and her lack of drive. Daryn asked for tips on how to solve the problem, but the therapist responded with, "It sounds like you are really frustrated with yourself and can't figure out what to do." The therapist has expressed ____________. -accurate empathy -unconditional positive regard -conditions of worth -self-actualization

accurate empathy

A key component of Roger's person-centered therapy is a technique that involves echoing, restating, and seeking clarification of a client's statement. This technique is called ________. -active listening -unconditional positive regard -accurate empathy -genuineness

active listening

The three "common ingredients" of effective psychotherapy are ____________. -empathy, affordability, and accessibility -allegiance effects, therapeutic alliance, and empathy -affordability, empathy, and allegiance effects -therapeutic alliance, accessibility, and empathy

allegiance effects, therapeutic alliance, and empathy

Rainey worries constantly, has trouble sleeping, and complains of racing and panicky thoughts at times. Louis has experienced depressed mood, low appetite, and insomnia for months. Rainey is prescribed a(n) ____________ medication, while Louis is prescribed a(n) __________ medication. -antidepressant; antianxiety -antianxiety; antidepressant -antianxiety; mood stabilizer -mood stabilizer; antianxiety

antianxiety; antidepressant

One of the foundational assumptions of behavioral therapy is ____________. -thoughts produce behaviors that are maladaptive and lead to mental illness -negative childhood experiences are repressed, which leads to psychological illness -maladaptive behaviors are a result of a lack of unconditional positive regard -behaviors associated with mental illness are learned and maintained through reinforcement

behaviors associated with mental illness are learned and maintained through reinforcement

The procedure in which surgeons implant a thin wire electrode into the brain to stimulate neurons is called ___________. -deep brain stimulation -ECT -lobotomy -psychosurgery

deep brain stimulation

Self-help support groups differ from group therapy in that they ____________. -are voluntary in attendance -are people with similar problems who gather to assist each other through changes -do not have a professionally trained therapist as their leader -offer encouragement and provide a social outlet for those who are experiencing problems

do not have a professionally trained therapist as their leader

Antipsychotic drugs help treat symptoms such as ______, while mood stabilizers help treat symptoms such as ________. -hallucinations; mania -hallucinations; anxiety -mania; hallucinations -depressed mood; hallucinations

hallucinations; mania

Cognitive restructuring helps clients __________, evaluate the accuracy of their thoughts, and ____________________. -identify their automatic thoughts; replace negative automatic thoughts with more realistic thoughts -identify their past thoughts; replace with more current positive thoughts -identify their negative relationships; replace with more positive relationships -identify their maladaptive behaviors; replace their behaviors with more productive behaviors

identify their automatic thoughts; replace negative automatic thoughts with more realistic thoughts

According to Irvin Yalom, two of the reasons group therapy is effective include ____________ and ____________. -installation of hope; socialization techniques -universality; increase in repetitive behaviors -socialization; decrease in depression -installation of hope; decrease in depression

installation of hope; socialization techniques

Randy has a recurring dream about falling from a building. His therapist suggests that the dream might be a red flag from his subconscious that something in his life is not on track. The therapist's interpretation is related to the ___________ content of the dream while Randy's description of the action in the dream is related to the __________ content of the dream. -transference; free association -manifest; latent -latent; manifest -free association; transference

latent; manifest

According to psychodynamic dream analysis, the actual remembered event in a dream is called the ____________ while the symbolic unconscious meaning of dreams is called the _________. -transference; countertransference -manifest content; latent content -latent content; manifest content -countertransference; transference

manifest content; latent content

Kiley received treatment for depression from someone she thought was a psychologist. She later found out that the person had faked their degree and credentials and had no training in mental health treatment. However, she was puzzled because she felt that her depression was improved significantly during the treatment. This is most likely an example of a(n) _____________. -spontaneous remission -randomized controlled trial -unintentional therapeutic effect -placebo effect

placebo effect

In recent years, the focus in mental health care has shifted toward ______________. -mental health parity law -inpatient care -preventive care -intensive outpatient treatment

preventive care

The gold standard for research designs in the area of establishing evidence-based treatments is the _____________. -quasi-experimental research design -randomized controlled trial -double-blind controlled trial -correlational research design

randomized controlled trial

Suki has been attending weekly sessions with her therapist who believes that Suki's childhood experiences have led to her avoidance of relationships. Once the therapist asks questions about Suki's relationship with her mother, Suki begins to miss appointments. In the psychodynamic theory, missing appointments would be considered a sign of ___________. -free association -transference -resistance -ego defense

resistance

Alicia suffered from anxiety for months before she sought treatment. She was put on a waitlist at a clinic, but by the time she attended her first appointment, her anxiety was already significantly reduced. This is called ____________. -double-blind study -spontaneous remission -placebo effect -longitudinal designed trial

spontaneous recovery

Research on the effectiveness of different therapeutic techniques suggests that ____________. -cognitive-behavioral therapy is superior to other forms of psychotherapy -psychotherapy is generally ineffective across most cases -there is no single therapeutic strategy uniquely effective in treating all people across all disorders -family therapy is superior to individual therapy in most cases

there is no single therapeutic strategy uniquely effective in treating all people with any disorder

Paul had an abusive coach for many years as a child. Later in therapy, he began to direct his unresolved anger for his coach toward his therapist in a process known as _________. -transference -Oedipal rage -resistance -free association

transference

As Carly became more comfortable with her therapist, she began reacting to the therapist in the same way that she often reacted to her father. This is an example of ____________. -countertransference -cognitive distortions -transference. -free association

transference.