PSY 150: Chapter 9 Quiz

Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify? a. conservation b. egocentrism c. pretend play d. reversibility

b. egocentrism

Which of the following is a developmental issue children face during the formal operational stage? a. conservation b. moral reasoning c. pretend play d. stranger anxiety

b. moral reasoning

Which concept refers to the persistent difference in grades, test scores, and graduation rates that exist among students of different ethnicities, races, and sexes? a. achievement gap b. Bell curve c. attrition d. racism

a. achievement gap

Which term refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known? a. assimilation b. conservation c. egocentrism d. reversibility

a. assimilation

As toddlers (ages 1-3 years) begin to explore their world, they learn that they can control their actions and act on the environment to get results. What is the primary developmental task of this stage? a. autonomy vs. shame/doubt b. industry vs. inferiority c. initiative vs. guilt d. trust vs. mistrust

a. autonomy vs. shame/doubt

In a(an) ________, developmental psychologists collect a great deal of information from one individual in order to better understand physical and psychological changes over the lifespan. a. case study b. experiment c. naturalistic observation d. secondary analysis

a. case study

Which of the following is a developmental issue children face during the concrete operational stage? a. conservation b. language acquisition c. object permanence d. stranger anxiety

a. conservation

When people reach their 40s, they enter the time known as middle adulthood, which extends to the mid-60s. This involves finding their life's work and contributing to the development of others through activities such as volunteering, mentoring, and raising children. What is the primary developmental task of this stage? a. generativity vs. stagnation b. integrity vs. despair c. intimacy vs. isolation d. trust vs. mistrust

a. generativity vs. stagnation

Soon after birth, a nurse almost drops Osei. He spreads his arms, pulls them back in, and then cries. This is an example of ________. a. egocentrism b. Moro reflex c. preoperational stage d. stranger anxiety

b. Moro reflex

________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity. a. artistic b. cognitive c. emotional d. psychosocial

b. cognitive

Jules is participating in the Strange Situation experiment. When his mother returns, he freezes, and then behaves erratically. In fact, he runs away from his mother. What kind of attachment is this? a. avoidant b. disorganized c. resistant d. secure

b. disorganized

Children in the ________ stage can use abstract thinking to problem solve, look at alternative solutions, and test these solutions. a.. concrete operational b. formal operational c. preoperational d. sensorimotor

b. formal operational

Dorothy knows songs and rhymes by memory. She can name most colors and numbers, she can even write the letters of her name. Assuming she reached these cognitive and language development milestones at the average age, about how old is Dorothy? a. two b. three c. four d. five

c. four

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate? a. cognitive capacity b. environment and culture c. genes and biology d. language acquisition

c. genes and biology

People in early adulthood (20s through early 40s) are ready to establish emotional closeness and maintain relationships with others. What is the primary developmental task of this stage? a. autonomy vs. shame/guilt b. industry vs. inferiority c. intimacy vs. isolation d. trust vs. mistrust

c. intimacy vs. isolation

It is hard to tell how Guy's father will respond to Guy. Sometimes he is responsive to Guy's needs, but he is just as likely to ignore Guy. At 18 months old, Guy clings to his father, but he is just as likely to reject his father if his father tries to play with him. Guy becomes angry when his father leaves, and Guy is difficult to comfort even after his father returns. What kind of attachment is this? a. avoidant b. disorganized c. resistant d. secure

c. resistant

Which of the following illustrates conservation? a. Deirdre believes that five pennies have more value than two nickels. b. Joseph saves his energy by brushing his teeth in the shower. c. Rebekah recycles her glass bottles but not her cell phone batteries. d. Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices.

d. Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices.

________ development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships. a. mental b. physical c. psychological d. psychosocial

d. psychosocial

One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees trucks on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________. a. accommodation b. acquisition c. assimilation d. attainment

c. assimilation

During the elementary school stage (ages 6-12), children begin to compare themselves to their peers to see how they measure up. They either develop a sense of accomplishment or they feel inadequate when they don't measure up. What is the primary developmental task of this stage? a. autonomy vs. shame/guilt b. identity vs. confusion c. industry vs. inferiority d. trust vs. mistrust

c. industry vs. inferiority

Which of the following is not a developmental issue children face during the preoperational stage? a. egocentrism b. language development c. object permanence d. pretend play

c. object permanence

In ________ thinking, decisions are made based on situations and circumstances, and logic is integrated with emotion as adults develop principles that depend on contexts. a. concrete operational b. formal operational c. postformal d. sensorimotor

c. postformal

In the ________ stage, children use words and images to represent things, but they lack logical reasoning. a. concrete operational b. formal operational c. preoperational d. sensorimotor

c. preoperational

A ________ is any environmental agent—biological, chemical, or physical—that causes damage. a. contaminant b. mutagen c. teratogen d. zygote

c. teratogen

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory emphasizes the sexual nature of our development rather than its social nature. a. The name "Erik Erikson" should be changed to the name "Sigmund Freud." b. The word "sexual" should be changed to the word "biological." c. The word "theory" should be changed to the word "hypothesis." d. The words "sexual" and "social" should be switched.

d. The words "sexual" and "social" should be switched.

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. What is the primary developmental task of this stage? a. generativity vs. stagnation b. identity vs. guilt c. initiative vs. guilt d. integrity vs. despair

d. integrity vs. despair

________ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information. a. categories b. cognitions c. facsimiles d. schemata

d. schemata

Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this? a. avoidant b. disorganized c. resistant d. secure

d. secure

Emily is a doctoral student in psychology. She plans to use ________ to complete her doctoral paper, asking individuals to self-report important information about how their thoughts, experiences, and beliefs differ over a 10-year period. a. assessments b. case studies c. naturalistic observations d. surveys

d. surveys

Stage theories hold that the sequence of development is ________. a. culturally specific b. dramatic c. related to language acquisition d. universal

d. universal