Psy 2120: Brain and behavior

What is the correct order of information processing in the visual system? (Match the order)

1. Rods cones 2. Bipolar cells 3. Ganglion cells 4. LGN neurons

What is the function of the cornea?

Allows photons to travel into the eye

Match each term with the correct description Rods Myopia Scotoma 'what' "where" or "how"

Associated substance Rhodopsin Nearsightedness Gap in visual field Ventral stream Dorsal stream

Accommodation is controlled by which component(s) of the eye?

Ciliary muscles

Which of the following is incorrectly paired? Bipolar cells; graded potentials Ganglion cells; action potentials Photoreceptors; graded potentials Horizontal cells; action potentials

Horizontal cells; action potentials

Where are cones concentrated in the eye?

In the fovea

Which of the following represents the route by which visual information is transmitted?

Optic nerve → optic tract → optic radiations

Which pathway accurately describes the route for the passage of visual information?

Optic nerve, optic tract, optic radiations

The human eye transduces visible light through the use of

Photoreceptors

Which statement regarding visual fields is true?

The right visual field projects to the eyes and then to the left cerebral hemisphere.

__________ is to hearing as __________ is to vision. The retina; the cochlea all of these are true. The eye; the ear Tonotopy: retinotopy

Tonotopy: retinotopy

The primary visual cortex is also known as:

V1

Single-cell recordings in the primate temporal cortex have revealed that many neurons there respond to

a combination of many different visual features.

Stimulation of a photoreceptor results in the generation of _______ in the receptor.

a graded hyperpolarization

The sharpness with which an image can be resolved by the visual system is called

acuity

If we wear glasses that turn the image of the world upside down, the brain

after several days will suddenly turn the world so it is right side up again.

The way we see that world can be influenced by prior experiences. injuries. All of the above knowledge.

all of the above

__________ is to hearing as __________ is to vision. The medial geniculate nucleus; the lateral geniculate nucleus all of these are true. Tonotopy: retinotopy The cochlea; the retina

all of these are true.

The optic nerve is made up of the _____ of retinal ganglion cells.

axon/axons

The primary somatosensory (touch) cortex lies just posterior to the ____ sulcus.

central

The _______ muscles are essential for accommodation.

cilary

The relationship between the number of visual receptor cells and the number of ganglion cells demonstrates a _______ of information.

convergence

After photons enter your eye, they are focused onto the iris by the lens.

false

The optic nerves are only located on the left side of the brain.

false

The neural signals that result from the processing of visual input in the retina converge on the _______ cells.

ganglion

The pupil is located

in the center of the iris, behind the cornea, and in front of the lens.

The colored part of the eye is called the

iris

Compared with retinal ganglion cells, cells in V1 have _____ receptive fields.

larger

The process that acts to enhance the boundaries of visual objects is called

lateral inhibition.

The process that enhances the boundaries of visual objects is called

lateral inhibition.

The _______ focuses light onto the retina.

lens

The part of the eye that looks like a cocktail onion is the _____.

lens

Hawks have much better visual acuity than humans because they have

more densely packed cones in the fovea.

Cortical area V5 has many cells that respond preferentially to

motion

Cells in the dorsal stream are sensitive to

movement

In the optic chiasm, information from the _____ retinas crosses to the opposite side, whereas information from the _____ retinas stays on the same side.

nasal; temporal

The primary visual cortex is located in the _____ lobe.

occipital

Almost all somatosensory information ends up on the ______ side of the body from where it originated.

opposite/contralateral

The most likely effect of damage sustained to the dorsal stream is

optic ataxia

The point at which two optic nerves meet and half of the fibers cross to the opposite side is the

optic chiasm.

Retinal ganglion cells form the

optic nerve

Once the nerve bundles of the eyes enter the brain and have been sorted into two visual fields they are referred to as

optic tracts.

The dorsal stream projects to the

parietal lobe and participates in the analysis of movement

Rods are found primarily in _____, whereas cones are found primarily in _____.

peripheral vision; the fovea

The optic chiasm

provides each hemisphere with visual information.

Ocular dominance columns

receive input from each eye.

The light-sensitive surface in the back of the eye is called the:

retina

A second main visual pathway (in addition to the geniculostriate system) is organized as follows

retina, superior colliculus, pulvinar, other visual areas.

What type of map is associated with the visual system?

retinotropy

Quanta of light that enter the eye are captured in rod cells by

rhodopsin.

An object located in your left visual field will be processed in your

right hemisphere.

Which of the following sequences is correct?

rods & cones, bipolar, ganglion, lateral geniculate, simple cortical cells

Destruction of ____ neurons would eliminate the brain's ability to process signals from the outside environment.

sensory

To see a distant dim star, it is best to look _______ of your visual field.

slightly off center

Which of the following is NOT a type of retinal neuron? stellate cells bipolar cells amacrine cells horizontal cells

stellate cells

Amblyopia is best treated with

surgical correction and an eye patch.

Sensory transduction is the process of

taking signals from the outside world and turning them into electrochemical signals.

The ventral stream includes the [BLANK] lobe.

temporal

If an individual were to experience bilateral damage in the ventral occipitotemporal junction, a likely result would be loss of

the ability to recognize common objects.

The optic chiasm is the point at which

the two optic nerves meet and half of the fibers cross over.

The process by which our sensory systems transform stimulus energies into neural impulses is called _________.

transduction

Objects viewed by your right eye may be located in either your right visual field or your left visual field.

true

Rods are more sensitive to light than cones.

true

The blind spot is in an area of the retina where there are no photoreceptors.

true

The [BLANK] stream of visual processing may be said to process the "what" information in visual inputs.

ventral

The dorsal stream is the [BLANK] stream while the ventral stream is the [BLANK] stream.

where; what

Lateral inhibition is a phenomenon

whereby contrast is produced at the edges of regions.