PSY 302 EXAM 2

A person who argues that the period of life called "adolescence" is the result of the way that society treats individuals, and not a result of biological changes can be called A. A socialist B. A learning theorist C. An inventionist D. An agrarian

An inventionist

The name of the social scientist who coined the term "emerging adulthood" was A. Tom Woods B. Jeffery Arnett C. Jean Twenge D. Sigmund Freud

Jeffery Arnett

Even though it was clear that another student, Raul, accidentally pushed Noah, he insisted that Raul did it on purpose. What phenomenon is this? A. hostile attributional bias B. status bias C. in-group vs. out-group D. iatrogenic effect

hostile attributional bias

Today, people go through ______ earlier than 100 years ago, but tend to stay in ______ longer. A. marriage; school B. puberty; school C. school; puberty D. school; marriage

puberty; school

Parents who give rules without explanations, use punishment, and have high expectations but show little warmth are which parenting style? A. Authoritarian B. Authoritative C. Permissive D. Neglectful

Authoritarian

Authoritarian parents stress the importance of: A. Initiative B. Creativity C. Indifference D. Obedience and respect for authority

Obedience and respect for authority

Some commentators have proposed that today's youth are so age segregated that problems such as youth unemployment, teenage suicide, juvenile delinquency, and drug and alcohol use have resulted because adolescents: A. have become alienated from and unfamiliar with the values of adults. B. have developed a great deal of anger toward adults. C. look at their country's leaders and see what a low standard has been set in terms of education, so they follow these role models. D. are not challenged by today's educational curriculum.

have become alienated from and unfamiliar with the values of adults.

The sub-population of emerging adulthood __________ exist in all cultures. A. Does not B. Does

Does not

Kaji, a 16-year-old male, has gone through the rite of passage and is now considered a warrior by his tribesmen. This change in Kaji's role and status may be referred to as: A. status offense. B. scarification. C. social redefinition. D. inventionist.

social redefinition.

The universal process through which an individual's position or status is changed by society is called: A. collective efficacy. B. social redefinition. C. social specification. D. self-image stability.

social redefinition.

The status of adolescents as full-time students arose as a result of: A. the Industrial Revolution. B. increases in scientific knowledge. C. political changes resulting from the Civil War. D. the advent of agrarian careers.

the Industrial Revolution.

Psychologist Jeffery Arnett has suggested that 18- to 25-year-olds are caught between adolescence and adulthood in "emerging adulthood," which is characterized by all but which of the following? A. a focus on oneself and independent functioning B. exploring possible identities before making permanent choices C. the subjective feeling of emotional immaturity D. the subjective feeling that life is full of possibilities

the subjective feeling of emotional immaturity

According to some commentators, teenagers have become separate from adult society to such an extent that they have established their own society, which undermines parents' authority and emphasizes peer deviance. This society is called: A. the Woodstock generation. B. the dead poet's society. C. the lost boys. D. the youth culture.

the youth culture.

In the 19th century, what distinguished children from adults? A. what job they performed B. whether they owned property C. marital status D. religious confirmation

whether they owned property

During the industrial revolution, child protectionists argued that: A. a separate justice system must exist for juveniles. B. adolescents needed parental permission to marry. C. young people needed to be kept away from the labor force for their own good. D. adolescent music was too controversial and needed to be censored.

young people needed to be kept away from the labor force for their own good.

One example of social redefinition is: A. Obtaining a driver's license B. Being born C. None of the above D. Puberty

Obtaining a driver's license

____________parents strive to raise a child who is self-reliant, with a strong sense of initiative. A. Authoritative B. Authoritarian C. Indifferent/Neglectful D. Indulgent

Authoritative

About what percentage of an adolescent's waking hours are spent with their parents? A. 7-9% B. 13-15% C. 19-21% D. 30-33%

13-15%

An industrial society can be defined as: A. A society in which farming is the primary source of income and sustenance B. A society in which the production of goods is the primary source of income and sustenance C. A society in which farming is the major source of revenue for the people D. A society in which the production of goods is the major source of revenue for the people

A society in which the production of goods is the major source of revenue for the people

Which of the following statements about the inventionist perspective is true? A. Adolescence is mainly a social invention. B. Adolescence is driven by the physiological changes of puberty. C. The cognitive advances of adolescence are what make this period distinct from all others. D. The inventionist perspective is similar to that of G. Stanley Hall's.

Adolescence is mainly a social invention.

One reason that adolescence lasts longer than it has in the past is because: A. Adolescents enter work and family roles at much younger ages than in previous generations B. Parents do more for their kids than in the past, leading to a lack of knowledge which keeps adolescents from taking on adult roles C. Adolescence is now considered to begin at age 12 instead of age 13 D. Adolescents begin puberty much earlier than they have in the past

Adolescents begin puberty much earlier than they have in the past

A society in which the production of goods is the major source of revenue for the people is called A. A socialized society B. An agrarian society C. An educated society D. An industrial society

An industrial society

Adolescents report an increase in their mood during what part of the week? A. The beginning of the week (Monday) B. Mid-week (Wednesday) C. During the weekend D. As the weekend approaches

As the weekend approaches

Which style of parenting is adult-centered, rigid, exhibits strict rules and expectations, expects complete obedience, with little warmth or communication? A. Authoritative B. Authoritarian C. Indifferent/Neglectful D. Indulgent

Authoritarian

Researchers often define adolescence as beginning at puberty, which is a _________, and ending at marriage, which is a _________. A. Biologically defined concept; biologically defined concept B. Biologically defined concept; culturally defined concept C. Culturally defined concept; biologically defined concept D. Socially defined concept; culturally defined concept

Biologically defined concept; culturally defined concept

Two factors that worked together to get adolescents out of factory labor jobs were A. Child protectionists workers argued that factory labor conditions were unsafe and secondary school was no longer mandatory B. Adolescence begins at a younger age and child protectionists workers argued that factory labor conditions were unsafe C. Adolescence begins at a younger age and secondary school attendance became mandatory D. Child protectionists workers argued that factory labor conditions were unsafe and secondary school became mandatory

Child protectionists workers argued that factory labor conditions were unsafe and secondary school became mandatory

Henry believes that the rise of adolescent peer groups has contributed to the rise of adolescent crime and drug use. Which of the following statements refutes this belief? A. Even though society has continued to become increasingly age segregated, the rates of many adolescent problem behaviors have fluctuated considerably over the past few decades. B. Contemporary adolescents spend more time in peer groups than adolescents did in past eras. C. Today's adolescents are more susceptible to the influence of their friends than adolescents were in past eras. D. Peers indeed have a universally bad influence on each other.

Even though society has continued to become increasingly age segregated, the rates of many adolescent problem behaviors have fluctuated considerably over the past few decades.

A theoretical framework which says that families are interconnected units in which every member influences one another is called: A. Family systems theory B. A self-fulfilling prophecy C. Dynamics theory D. The dimensions of parenting style

Family systems theory

The average age of the onset of menstruation has been ________as the years have progressed. A. Increasing B. Getting younger C. Getting older D. Staying the same

Getting younger

The number of single-parent households in America has ________ in recent years. A. Stayed the same B. Increased C. Decreased by 12% D. Decreased by 22%

Increased

The long transition from adolescence to adulthood is common in A. Industrialized cultures such as the United States, Canada, and Japan B. Non-industrialized cultures such as Ethiopia, Haiti, and South Sudan C. All cultures across the globe D. Only in the United States

Industrialized cultures such as the United States, Canada, and Japan

The distinction between childhood and adulthood before the 19th century was primarily determined by: A. Age B. Birth order C. Whether a person had gone through puberty D. Land ownership

Land ownership

Which style of parenting is child-centered, the parents are over-involved, few rules or expectations, and few guidelines? A. Authoritative B. Authoritarian C. Neglectful D. Permissive

Permissive

Why is it a popular belief that parents and adolescents do not get along? A. This belief is true; most adolescents and parents really do not get along. B. Because of genes, non-shared environmental experiences, and shared environmental experiences. C. Popular media often reinforces the idea that communication with adolescents is difficult. D. Parents may feel that the options for making major accomplishments in their own life are beginning to increase.

Popular media often reinforces the idea that communication with adolescents is difficult.

Which of the following is NOT one of the topics about which parents and adolescents tend to argue? A. Cleanliness of bedrooms B. Leisure time activities C. Religion D. Clothing

Religion

Effects of a divorce, which are observed several years after a child's parents have gone through the divorce and manifest as problem behaviors are called: A. Authoritative parenting B. Sleeper effects C. Family systems theory D. Divorce effects theory

Sleeper effects

If the age of adolescence for females is measured by the onset of menstruation, we can conclude A. That the onset of adolescence is becoming increasingly older. B. That the onset of adolescence is not changing. C. That the onset of adolescence is becoming increasingly younger in the past 5 years, but was becoming increasingly older previous to the last 5 years. D. That the onset of adolescence is becoming increasingly younger.

That the onset of adolescence is becoming increasingly younger.

For females, the end of adolescence has often been marked by _____ because _______. A> Getting a job; it is the first time females are given an adult role B. Having a child; it is a change in social status C. Getting a job; it is an easily remembered date D. The time of marriage; because it is an easily remembered date

The time of marriage; because it is an easily remembered date

Which of the following was NOT a scenario that we discussed in class when practicing methods of authoritative parenting in different situations? A. Your son is blasting his favorite music and you have an important proposal to present at work the following day. B. You allowed your 15-yr old to stay home alone for the weekend and discover that he had a party with alcohol. C. Company is coming for dinner and you ask your daughter to clean her room but she refuses. D. Your 13-yr old daughter accepted an invitation to the senior prom without your permission.

You allowed your 15-yr old to stay home alone for the weekend and discover that he had a party with alcohol.

Mitch organizes a party for about 20 of his classmates who are all interested in theater, and they all watch a tape of the musical The Phantom of the Opera. This group of teenagers, who don't always hang out together, but share common interests, would most appropriately be labeled: A. a gang. B. a reference group. C. a crowd. D. a clique.

a crowd.

Inventionists can be defined as: A. a person who argues that the period of life called "adolescence" is the result of parenting style. B. a person who argues that the period of life called "adolescence" is the result of the way that biological changes interact with parenting style. C. a person who argues that the period of life called "adolescence" is the result of the way that society treats individuals, and not a result of biological changes. D. a person who argues that the period of life called "adolescence" is the result of biological changes.

a person who argues that the period of life called "adolescence" is the result of the way that society treats individuals, and not a result of biological changes.

Mr. Han is anxious about his 10-yr-old daughter becoming an adolescent. He is convinced that adolescence will be turbulent and that his daughter will be difficult to raise. Mr. Han's beliefs are an example of ________: A. a self-fulfilling prophecy. B. egocentrism. C. authoritarian parenting. D. learned helplessness.

a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Emerging adulthood can be defined as: A. a term used for individuals who have turned 21 years of age B. an attempt by society to relabel and redefine a person's status C. a term that social scientist Jeffrey Arnett has used to describe people in the 13 to 18-year age range who are between adolescence and adulthood D. a term that social scientist Jeffrey Arnett has used to describe people in the 18 to 25-year age range who are between adolescence and adulthood

a term that social scientist Jeffrey Arnett has used to describe people in the 18 to 25-year age range who are between adolescence and adulthood

The process of grouping individuals within social institutions on the basis of chronological age is called: A. mainstreaming. B. tracking. C. age grading. D. reference grouping.

age grading.

Social redefinition can be defined as: A. a change in status due to a change in age B. none of the above C. a redefinition of a person's status because of a change in family socioeconomic status D. an attempt by society to relabel and redefine a person's status

an attempt by society to relabel and redefine a person's status

Secondary school can be defined as: A. education beyond the elementary years; usually inclusive of the 6th to 12th grades B. education beyond the elementary and junior high years; usually inclusive of the 9th to 12th grades C. None of the above D. education usually inclusive of the kindergarten to 12th grades

education beyond the elementary years; usually inclusive of the 6th to 12th grades

One reason that parents may behave according to one parenting style over another is because parents may have careers in which they must use their own ingenuity to be leaders of their chosen careers. In this case, these parents are likely to: A. be stressed because of financial pressures. B. have a lack of resources in the community which can be invested in their children. C. behave in a more authoritarian style of parenting. D. encourage creativity and resourcefulness in their children.

encourage creativity and resourcefulness in their children.

Permissive parents: A. are responsive to a child's needs, but expect the child to follow rules; assertive and democratic. B. have no limits or restraints on children's behavior, are indulgent, and have few rules. C. are passive, uninvolved, absent, and shows little interest in the child's life. D. give rules without explanations, punishment, have high expectations and show little warmth.

have no limits or restraints on children's behavior, are indulgent, and have few rules.

The Bat Mitzvah, the confirmation, and the quinceanera are all examples of: A. initiation ceremonies. B. inventionism. C. cognitive redefinition. D. the elongation of adolescence.

initiation ceremonies.

Changes in social definition will likely have profound effects on developments in the domains of: A. achievement, spirituality, and identity. B. achievement, intimacy, cognition, and autonomy. C. intimacy, achievement, and identity. D. intimacy, autonomy, achievement, and identity.

intimacy, autonomy, achievement, and identity.

In comparison with teenagers in previous times, teenagers in contemporary societies spend ________ time with their peers ________ with their parents. A. more; than B. less; than C. as much; as D. There is too much conflicting data on this issue to give a definitive answer.

more; than

Sarah is a popular teenage girl who has just been made captain of the cheerleading squad. She is very socially adept, and notices that Britney, her social rival, is starting to enjoy more attention from their peers than Sarah receives. Jealous, she decides to start a rumor about Britney that she knows will cause many people to stop liking Britney. Sarah's behavior is best described as an example of what? A. reactive aggression B. friendly fire aggression C. relative aggression D. relational aggression

relational aggression

Adolescents and parents are likely to agree more often on matters concerning ______ and less likely to agree on matters concerning ______. A. clothing; religion B. small issues; big issues C. religion; clothing D. none of the above

religion; clothing

Parental _______________ is the degree to which the parent responds to the child's needs in a n accepting, supportive manner. A. responsibility B. demandingness C. responsiveness D. dimension

responsiveness