PSY 454 Exam #2
What are 3 "feeling" questions to avoid?
"What are you feeling about that?" "How did you feel about that?" "What were your feelings about that?"
Identify the two forms used to reflect feelings and give an example of each.
"You feel that spending time with family is a vital part of your well-being." "You sound like you want to take some action."
Write out 3 possible sentence stems:
"You're saying..." "So in other words..." "You mentioned..."
What is a Genogram?
-A format for drawing a family tree that records information about family members and their relationships over at least 3 generations. -Provides a quick gestalt of complex family patterns. -A rich source of hypotheses about the family context of a clinical problem.
What are the components of a client's worldview?
-A person's values -View of self -View of others -Beliefs about the world and life.
List 5 things helpers should look at when conducting a mental status examination:
-Appearance -Behavior -Attitude -Motor Behavior -Reliability
List the most common categories of discrepancies expressed by clients.
-Between two behaviors. -Between two feelings. -Between values and behaviors. -Between one's self and experience
Name 3 ways that a client can be incongruent:
-Between two verbal statements. -Between words and actions (saying vs. doing). -What the ct says now vs. said earlier.
What are some of the issues associated with testing as an assessment method?
-Can be distancing -Same info can be gathered thru interview -Cultural bias -Cultural insensitivity.
What are the four functions served by reflecting skills?
-Client becomes more aware of their emotions -Allows deeper self-disclosure. -Deepens the relationship. -Help clients be in touch with suppressed feelings.
What are 3 possible reasons it is important to reflect feelings?
-Client becomes more aware of their emotions. -Help clients be in touch with suppressed feelings. -Allows deeper self-disclosure.
What 4 things may a summary cover?
-Content -Feelings -Meanings and themes -Goals/plans
Mental status examinations serve what purpose?
-Current mental functioning. -Assists in making a specific diagnosis. -More assessment will be needed.
Name 3 things helpers should find out about the client's presenting problem:
-Description of the Problem -How it affects the client -Initial onset
Name 5 things that challenges focus on:
-Discrepancy, contradictions, incongruity, mixed message, conflicts -Defenses (e.g., denial, displacement, etc.) -Irrational ideas (thoughts / beliefs) -Behavior -Feelings
What are 2 stages when the helper should be careful with using questioning?
-Don't over-use in the relationship-building stage. -Don't use exclusively during the assessment stage.
List 5 areas that are covered on a brief intake form:
-Educational / Occupational History -Health / Medical History (including substance use / abuse history) -Social / Developmental History -Religious/Spiritual Development -Family / Marital / Sexual History
Discuss why it is difficult for beginning helpers to reflect feelings.
-Fear of client's response;talking about and dealing with feelings -Dealing with expressions of intense negative affect
What are the 3 goals of paraphrasing?
-Fewer words, more concrete and clear -Emphasis on content not feeling -Capturing the essence; boiling down
What are the four types of summaries, and what are their purposes?
-Focusing Summary -focuses on specific topics, issues, goals. -Signal Summaries -indicates that the helper understands; can move on to another topic -Thematic Summaries -recognizes session themes -Planning Summaries -reviews goals and progress
Name 3 things that reflecting meaning does:
-Going beyond facts and feelings -Uncovering the deeper meaning that the client assigns to life events. -Gets at the Why of life events and feelings.
What are 2 intentions of paraphrasing?
-Help clarify when clients are unclear -Provide support to clients
Describe the Inner Circle Strategy. What is its purpose?
-Inner Circle Strategy: Helper draws a series of concentric circles labeled A,B,C,D,E. E are issues that are public and may be discussed with almost anyone. A are very personal issues. -Purpose: help clients identify deeper, more personal issues.
What two factors may lead to unrealistic goals? How can a helper assist a client whose goals are unrealistic?
-Insufficient information about self or issue; Want to accomplish two incompatible aims -Confront the client with discrepancy or invite the client to explore the goal and collect information to see if the goal is really possible.
Define what a challenge is:
-Invitations to clients to become more aware of themselves. -...become more aware of things that might impede their growth/development. -An attitude as much as it is a skill
List the primary or basic emotions.
-Joy -Sadness -Anger -Guilt/Shame -Fear -Disgust -Surprise -Interest/Excitement
What are 3 functions of counseling goals?
-Motivational Effect -Educational Function -Evaluative Function
Provide 2 paraphrases and 2 reflection of feelings to the following client statement:
-Paraphrases: "You're having problems with your parents" (no feelings) -Reflection: "You feel angry/frustrated"
List four physical attributes that might be important to observe in a client.
-Posture, build, gait -Facial Expression (affect) -Body movements -General appearance
List the 4 types of paraphrases:
-Repeating content -parroting -repeat and draw out a key word -Paraphrasing -Clarification -Summaries
Define reflecting meaning:
-Restating the personal impact and significance of the event or issue.
List at least 5 rules of restating:
-Short and concise -Don't try to capture everything -Focus on one piece of an issue at a time -Don't assume you know or understand what the client is experiencing -Pick out the most salient message or issue
Discuss the five impediments to effective listening.
-Simply reciting the facts -Difficulty hearing the story because of "noise" -Worrying about what to say next -Being judgmental and taking the client's side -Being judgmental of the client
List 4 things a helper can observe about a client:
-Speech -Clothing -Grooming -Posture
What is the overall rationale for setting specific goals with clients?
-Translate specific client concerns into specific desired goals. -Determine what interventions are needed to meet goals.
What are the two major methods for uncovering meaning?
-Using Open Questions -Summarizing
List four of the common problems in reflecting feelings.
-Waiting too long. -Turning reflecting feelings into Questions. -Putting a question at the end; going too long. -Focusing on the wrong person.
List the three categories of emotions in addition to the basic emotions and give an example of each.
-Weakness -Strength -General/Nonspecific Distress
Describe the 6 things that assessment does:
-What is the problem/diagnosis? -Can you provide the help needed? -What issues/factors are related to the problem? -Measures risk. -Increases client awareness/insight. -Helps determine goals.
Identify and briefly describe at least two problems or precautions when using confrontation.
-You can only confront as much as you've provided support. -Challenges should not be done without a trusting therapeutic relationship.
When is it beneficial to confront clients?
-You can only confront as much as you've provided support. -Challenges should not be done without a trusting therapeutic relationship.
Create a goal statement and then turn it into specific objective statements:
...
Draw a complete non-judgmental listening cycle and indicate the basic components.
...
Draw and label a Johari Window:
...
Write out a nonspecific concern and then translate it into 3 specific goal statements:
...
Discuss the two steps of paraphrasing.
1. Listen carefully to the client's story 2. Feeding back to the client a simple, nonjudgmental version of the facts and thoughts.
What are the 4 steps of treatment planning?
1. Problem Selection (include the client) -Primary Problem -Secondary Problems -Other problems 2. Problem Definition 3. Goal Development 4. Objective Construction
What are the 5 stages of the helping process?
1. Relationship building 2. Assessment 3. Goal setting 4. Intervention/Action 5. Evaluation/Reflection
How many objectives should be implemented when first working on a goal?
3 - 6 objectives (total) (add others as progress is made)
What is the helper's job during the assessment stage?
Gather information about a client and the client's problems.
Describe the difference between goals and objectives by discussing characteristics of each:
Goals: Outlines the behavioral goal (eat more healthy) Objectives: Specific behavioral steps to be taken (eat an apple a day)
When would a challenge be counterproductive?
If delivered before the client was ready
How are reflecting skills different from invitational skills?
Invitational skills are commonly used by friends, family and acquaintances, as well as helpers. Reflecting skills are specialized interventions used by helpers to stimulate deeper exploration of the facts, feelings, and meanings that coexist in the client's presentation of the problem.
Describe the steps involved in helping the client achieve clarity, or, boiling down the problem.
Step 1: Summarizing and enumerating all the issues: determine agreement on the overall content of the counseling session to this point. Step 2: Ask client to identify the most crucial problems: use one of more closed questions to ask the client to evaluate which problems are the most critical Step 3: Selecting the focal problem: use a mental checklist to evaluate client goals and advocates for those that are specific, simple and easily restated, important, mutually agreed upon, and realistic Step 4: Changing the problem to a goal: encourage client to think about success. Step 5: Making sure client and helper are clear in agreement: summarize mutually agreed-upon goals. Let client know goals are reachable.
Why is it described as non-judgmental?
To emphasize that it is a repeating pattern of basic helping skills
Challenges should not be done without a what?
Trusting therapeutic relationship
