Psy Ch. 11 & 12

T/F: Research suggests that, in order for a marriage to remain healthy, couples should sustain the levels of passionate love that they had during the first year of their relationship.

FALSE

T/F: The sexually arousing power of a new partner is called the Coolidge effect.

TRUE

What role do weddings play in the likelihood that a marriage will succeed?​ a.​Couples who spend more on the engagement ring are less likely to divorce. b.​Couples who spend more on the ceremony are less likely to divorce .c.​Couples who have more wedding guests are less likely to divorce. d.​Couples who spend more on the reception are less likely to divorce.

a.​Couples who spend more on the engagement ring are less likely to divorce.

Does social psychological research support the popular notion that "first you must love yourself, and only then you are ready to love someone else?" a.​Not really; self-esteem does not seem to have a big impact on relationship success. b.​Yes, definitely .c.​No, definitely not. d.​It is impossible to say; no research has been conducted in this area.

a.​Not really; self-esteem does not seem to have a big impact on relationship success.

Many longitudinal studies that track couples across time have found that there are essentially two patterns: Some couples ____ and some couples ____.​ a.​become less satisfied with the relationship; stay the same b.​become more passionate; become less passionate c.​become more passionate; stay the same d.​become more satisfied with the relationship; become less satisfied

a.​become less satisfied with the relationship; stay the same

In a well-known study conducted in the 1950s, social psychologist Leon Festinger and colleagues analyzed the friendship patterns among graduate students living in one of the dormitories at MIT. The researchers found that strongest predictor of friendship was ____.​ a.​how close the students lived to one another b.​similarity in terms of hobbies and activities c.​similarity in terms of basic demographics (age, gender, being single versus married, etc.) d.​how extraverted the students were

a.​how close the students lived to one another

When couples make internal attributions for one another's successes, and external attributions for one another's failures, then they are said to be making use of ____.​ a.​a distress-maintaining attributional style b.a relationship-enhancing attributional style c.an independent attributional style d.an interdependent attributional style

b.a relationship-enhancing attributional style

Research indicates that people are relatively attracted to others who are familiar to them, as well as to others who have a history of shared experiences. Research also suggests that these effects ____.​ a.​can largely be explained by simple principles of classical conditioning b.​are deeply rooted in the human psyche, and have a long evolutionary history c.​vary enormously across cultures, and thus appear to be culturally learned d.​are relatively recent phenomena, which may well be byproducts of modern, post-industrial life

b.​are deeply rooted in the human psyche, and have a long evolutionary history

Solitary confinement is considered an extreme form of punishment in prisons because it ____.​ a.​limits individuals to a small amount of space b.​forces individuals to reflect on their crimes c.​deprives individuals of interpersonal contact d.​restricts privileges such as access to exercise and media

b.​forces individuals to reflect on their crimes

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the preferences that people show for physically attractive people? ​ a.​People show such preferences across a variety of circumstances, but these preferences do not appear to emerge until late childhood. b.​Both adults and children show such preferences when selecting friends, but adults are more even-handed (and do not show preferences for attractive people) when it comes to work-related activities. c.​Adults, children, and even babies seem to show such preferences across a variety of circumstances. d.​Both adults and children show such preferences across a variety of circumstances, but only if they are moderately attractive or highly attractive themselves.

c.​Adults, children, and even babies seem to show such preferences across a variety of circumstances.

According to the textbook, most humans seek out social acceptance and are highly distressed by social rejection. How do they compare to nonhuman animals?​ a.​Nonhuman animals also seek out social acceptance but do not necessarily become distressed by social rejection. b.​Nonhuman animals do not necessarily seek out social acceptance, but there is evidence that they become distressed by social rejection. c.​Nonhuman animals similarly seek out social acceptance and are highly distressed by social rejection. d.​Nonhuman animals do not appear to seek out social acceptance to the same degree that humans do, nor do they appear to become distressed by social rejection.

c.​Nonhuman animals similarly seek out social acceptance and are highly distressed by social rejection.

Can people satisfy the need to belong via membership in a group or organization (e.g., a club or sports team), even if they do not have friendships there?​ a.​Women can satisfy the need to belong this way, but men cannot. b.​No, they must have close relationships with people in order to satisfy the need to belong. c.​Yes, some people may find these social connections satisfying even if they do not form close relationships. d.​Children can satisfy the need to belong this way, but adults cannot.

c.​Yes, some people may find these social connections satisfying even if they do not form close relationships.

Research shows that, among men, high levels of testosterone are associated with risk-taking and competitiveness ____.​ a.​but are not associated with a high sex drive b.​and are also associated with depression c.​and are also associated with a disinclination to marry and care for children d.​but are not associated with unstable marriage

c.​and are also associated with a disinclination to marry and care for children

When it comes to close interpersonal relations, ____ relationships tend to be more mature, and more indicative of long-term success, than ____ relationships.​ a.​exchange; distributive b.​exchange; pragmatic c.​communal; exchange d.​distributive; communal

c.​communal; exchange

In attraction research, the propinquity effect refers to the tendency for people to be relatively attracted to others who ____.​ a.​like them b.​are similar to them c.​they encounter on a regular basis d.​have had experiences similar to their own

c.​they encounter on a regular basis

Suppose that you are at a party and you meet a psychologist who says that she studied under one of the most well-known developmental psychologists of the World War II era—a man who helped to formulate early work on attachment theory. Thinking back to your reading on attachment theory, you would be correct to reply, "Of course, you must be speaking of ____."​ a.​Daryl Bem b.​Sigmund Freud c.​Robert Sternberg d. John Bowlby

d

People who are passionately in love report that they feel as though they were high on drugs, and that they experience "tingling" sensations of excitement and euphoria when spending time with their partner. Research indicates that this is likely a result of ____.​ a.​increased levels of lactic acid in the muscles b.​increased production of red blood cells c.​increased levels of the sex hormone testosterone d. increased levels of the neurotransmitter phenylethylamine (PEA)

d. increased levels of the neurotransmitter phenylethylamine (PEA)

Moira and Abdul fell in "love at first sight" a few days ago. They think about each other constantly and the sexual tension between them runs high. Consequently, they spend most of their time having sex and little time talking. How would you rate their intimacy level according to Sternberg's theory?​ ​a. moderate ​b. off the charts high ​c. fairly high d. low

d. low

According to social psychological research, which of the following adages is truer, "opposites attract" or "birds of a feather flock together"?​ a.​"Opposites attract" when it comes to friendships, but "birds of a feather flock together" when it comes to romantic relationships. b.​"Opposites attract" when it comes to romantic relationships, but "birds of a feather flock together" when it comes to friendships. c.​"Opposites attract." d.​"Birds of a feather flock together."

d.​"Birds of a feather flock together."

How would social psychologists respond to the lyrics "getting to know you, getting to know all about you, getting to like you?"​ a.​As people get to know each other better, they typically learn more about their dissimilarities and as a result, learn to be less judgmental. b.As people get to know each other better, they typically learn more about their similarities and as a result, become bored with each other.​ c.​As people get to know each other better, they typically learn more about their dissimilarities and as a result, like each other less. d.​As people get to know each other better, they typically learn more about their similarities and as a result, like each other more.

d.​As people get to know each other better, they typically learn more about their similarities and as a result, like each other more.

Based on the research presented in the Money Matters feature in your text, which of the following statements about women's ratings of attractiveness of men is most accurate?​ a.​Women always prefer taller men. b.​Women prefer taller men, but higher income can make up for lack of height. c.​Women always prefer heftier men to thin men. d.​Women do not look at height or income when they judge how attractive a man is.

d.​Women do not look at height or income when they judge how attractive a man is.

Research has suggested that being married is good for your health. But follow-up research indicates that ____ is what is most important.​ a.​having a marriage with clearly-defined gender roles b.​having a monogamous relationship c.​having children d.​being happily married

d.​being happily married

According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, the three ingredients in love are passion, commitment, and ____.​ a.​companionship b.​devotion c.​affection d.​intimacy

d.​intimacy

When people in a relationship are tempted by being asked to think about meeting an attractive single person who would be a potential partner, men and women ____.​ a.​both increase relationship commitment b.​both reduce relationship commitment c.​react differently, with men increasing relationship commitment and women reducing it d.​react differently, with men reducing relationship commitment and women increasing it

d.​react differently, with men reducing relationship commitment and women increasing it

T/F: When a man in a committed relationship meets a desirable new woman, he will likely respond by increasing his commitment to his existing partner.

false

Which of the following is the most accurate summary of reinforcement theory?​ ​a. We like people who like us. ​b. We are more likely to engage in behaviors that have been rewarded in the past than in other behaviors. ​c. We like people who make us feel good about ourselves. ​d. We tend to seek out rewards and avoid punishments.

​b. We are more likely to engage in behaviors that have been rewarded in the past than in other behaviors.

Why does unrequited love make someone feel burdened?​ ​a. the lack of propinquity ​b. the reciprocity norm ​c. the mere exposure effect ​d. the dissimilarity issue

​b. the reciprocity norm

Which factor is one of the key, defining distinctions between exchange relationships and communal relationships?​ ​a. how long the relationship lasts ​b. whether or not the people in the relationship are related (or married) ​c. the degree to which people in the relationship keep track of who does what ​d. whether or not the people in the relationship are part of a larger group

​c. the degree to which people in the relationship keep track of who does what

The matching hypothesis states that people tend to form relationships with others who are similar to them in terms of ____.​ ​a. fertility ​b. demographics (age, ethnicity, social class, education, etc.) ​c. values ​d, physical attractiveness

​d, physical attractiveness

Anya lives near Duane, and tends to run into him a lot, but lives farther away from Leroy, and runs into him less often. Social psychological research suggests that ____.​ ​a. Anya is more likely to become friends with Duane, AND more likely to become enemies with Leroy. ​b. Anya is no more likely to become friends with one guy rather than the other, but she is more likely to become enemies with Leroy. ​c. Anya is more likely to become friends with Duane, but no more likely to become enemies with one guy rather than the other. ​d. Anya is more likely to become friends with Duane, AND more likely to become enemies with Duane.

​d. Anya is more likely to become friends with Duane, AND more likely to become enemies with Duane.