PSY Final 2

A good example of Gloria's movement from remoteness of emotional experience to immediacy of emotional experience in her session with Dr. Rogers is when she ____________. A. sheds a tear B. asks him a direct question C. tells Dr. Rogers he is the type of father figure she'd like to have D. reports that lying to her daughter made her feel guilty

A

According to "Overcoming Depression: A Cognitive Therapy Approach," questioning the evidence is a technique used to: A. challenge maladaptive cognitive patterns B. reinforce negative thoughts C. determine whether what you're feeling is justified D. determine who is right in couples' counseling

A

According to "Overcoming Depression: A Cognitive Therapy Approach," thought stopping is used to: A. stop depressing thoughts that can have a snowball effect. B. challenge negative automatic thoughts. C. restructure maladaptive thoughts. D. question the evidence.

A

According to CPT, thoughts related to traumatic events, that keep people from the people, places, and activities they used to enjoy are called: A. stuck points B. metacognitions C. black and white thoughts D. catastrophizations

A

According to psychodynamic theory, the _____ is the part of the mind that generates defense mechanisms. A. ego B. superego C. id D. alterego

A

According to the humanistic approach, there are three essential therapeutic conditions that characterize successful therapist-client relationships. _____ is among these three essential therapeutic conditions. A. Empathy B. Conditional positive regard C. Interpretation D. Transference

A

For the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, _____ is a form of therapy that has received substantial empirical support. A. exposure and response prevention B. motivational interviewing C. behavioral consultation D. humanistic psychotherapy

A

Gloria clearly wants a direct answer from Dr. Rogers regarding whether or not she should inform her daughter that she lied to her. Rather than provide her with a direct answer, Dr. Rogers uses what technique? A. reflection B. diversion C. free association D. interpreting transference

A

In the Big Bang Theory video clip, Sheldon uses chocolate as a ___________________ to affect change in Penny's behavior. A. positive reinforcer B. negative reinforce C. positive punishment D. negative punishment

A

In the Token Economies video we see that students receive: A. Praise in addition to a token each time they engage in a target behavior. B. only praise each time they engage in a target behavior. C. punishment when they do not engage in a target behavior. D. only one token each time they engage in a target behavior.

A

Prior to his session with Gloria, Dr. Rogers explains that, with the necessary therapeutic environment, he expects Gloria to make all of the following movement, EXCEPT: A. From repression to insight B. From fear-relating to direct-relating C. From disapproving of self to acceptance of self D. From unreal to real within herself

A

The cognitive triad of depression is a theory that people who are depressed have negative views of all of the following, EXCEPT: A. the past B. the self C. the world D. the future

A

The primary goal of psychodynamic psychotherapy is A. to make the unconscious conscious. B. to replace illogical or irrational thoughts with more logical, rational thoughts. C. to use reinforcement or punishment to change target behaviors. D. to enhance self-actualization.

A

When a psychodynamic therapy patient does not immediately accept his analyst's interpretation, the analyst may need to repeat the interpretation across multiple sessions before it is fully accepted. This process is known as _____. A. Working through B. Transference C. Interpretive Reframing D. Defense Scaffolding

A

Which of the following lists Freud's psychosexual stages in the correct order? A. Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital B. Genital, oral, phallic, anal, latency C. Anal, oral, phallic, genital, latency D. Latency, oral, anal, genital, phallic

A

_____ are considered leaders in the cognitive therapy movement. A. Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis B. Sigmund Freud and Karen Horney C. Carl Jung and Fritz Perls D. John Watson and Edward Thorndike

A

_____ is typically present in systematic desensitization but typically absent from exposure therapy. A. Relaxation training B. Exposure to anxiety-producing stimuli C. Reflection D. Creation of an anxiety hierarchy

A

Empirical examinations of humanistic therapy A. have determined that it is universally ineffective. B. discovered that its main elements—empathy, positive regard, and genuineness—play an important role in therapy success. C. found that humanistic techniques only work when used by therapists who identify as humanists. D. do not exist in the psychotherapy literature.

B

Ron is a psychotherapy client who senses that certain unconscious material will soon be exposed. This makes him anxious, so he abruptly changes the subject and then misses his next appointment. Ron's psychodynamic psychotherapist is likely to understand Ron's actions as _____. A. insight B. resistance C. displacement D. transference

B

The cognitive thought distortion defined as expecting the worst in the future when it is actually unlikely to occur is _____. A. all-or-nothing thinking B. catastrophizing C. personalization D. overgeneralization

B

Which of the following behavior therapy techniques is primarily based on classical conditioning? A. Contingency management B. Systematic desensitization C. Token economies D. Shaping

B

_____ is a short-term humanistic therapy that emphasizes the expression, acknowledgement, and healing power of emotions in the present moment. A. Gestalt therapy B. Emotionally focused therapy C. Congruence therapy D. Genuineness therapy

B

_____, according to psychodynamic psychotherapists, is the therapist's unconscious tendency to interact with clients as if the client is very similar to an individual from the therapist's own personal history. A. Transference B. Countertransference C. Fixation D. Counterfixation

B

A behavior therapist is most likely to judge the success of treatment via changes in the patient's A. level of introspection. B. number of illogical cognitions. C. observable behaviors. D. positive self-regard.

C

According to the cognitive approach to psychotherapy, psychological problems arise from A. fixations at particular developmental stages in childhood. B. classical or operant conditioning. C. illogical thoughts or interpretations of events in our lives. D. incongruence between the real self and the ideal self.

C

An individual's _____ is how the person actually is at present; the _____ is what a person could be if he or she fulfilled his or her potential. A. actual self, fulfilled self B. fulfilled self, actual self C. real self, ideal self D. ideal self, real self

C

Elise's psychologist asks her to keep a record of beliefs that she has about events that happen her, as well as how those beliefs make her feel emotionally. With the assistance of her psychologist, Elise learns how she can dispute such beliefs and replace them with more effective new beliefs. Elise's psychologist is likely treating her with _____. A. exposure and response prevention B. cognitive reshaping C. rational emotive behavior therapy D. cognitive triad therapy

C

Humanistic psychotherapists believe that individuals are born with a tendency toward healthy growth. The term that best describes this tendency is _____. A. transference B. insight C. self-actualization D. unconditional positive regard

C

In _____, the therapist's primary task is to identify the "script" that the client appears to be unknowingly following, which is likely to be based on previous important relationships, and to refuse to enact that script in the therapeutic relationship. A. cognitive psychotherapy B. exposure therapy C. time-limited dynamic therapy D. systematic desensitization

C

Josefina, a psychotherapy client, is depressed about a recent breakup with her boyfriend. She believes that the breakup is entirely her fault, and that if she had done things differently, she would not be alone now. This belief best exemplifies the cognitive thought distortion known as _____. A. all-or-nothing thinking B. catastrophizing C. personalization D. mental filtering

C

The main goal of behavior therapy is A. to make the unconscious conscious. B. self-actualization. C. observable behavior change. D. an increase in logical, rational thought.

C

_____ is a specific application of classical conditioning that targets patients' social anxieties; it may help a patient insist on appropriate service at a restaurant or ask someone out on a date. A. Relaxation training B. Exposure plus response prevention C. Assertiveness training D. Contingency management

C

_____, developed by William Miller, is a contemporary application of the principles of humanism. A. Existential psychotherapy B. Quality of life therapy C. Motivational interviewing D. Behavioral consultation

C

According to Carl Rogers, the therapist's _____ determine(s) the success of therapy. A. mastery of the techniques of interpreting the client's transference B. ability to reflect the client's emotions C. skill in applying positive reinforcement D. attitude toward the client

D

Compared to psychodynamic psychotherapy, cognitive psychotherapy tends to A. require a greater number of sessions. B. emphasize the past rather than the present. C. derive its roots from ancient dream analysis techniques. D. focus on the client's current problems.

D

The goal of _____ is to increase the frequency of behaviors that are positively reinforcing to the client. A. cognitive therapy B. aversion therapy C. systematic desensitization D. behavioral activation

D

When a patient is asked to engage in _____, the patient's task is to verbalize any thought that comes to mind, no matter how nonsensical, inappropriate, illogical, or unimportant it may seem. A. word association B. fixation C. projection D. free association

D

Which of the following behavioral psychotherapy techniques is primarily based on operant conditioning? A. Exposure therapy B. Systematic desensitization C. Assertiveness training D. Contingency management

D