PSY Midterm - Ch. 9 Lifespan Development

_______ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information.

schemata

What does the normative approach ask regarding the lifespan?

What is normal development?

18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, "Look mommy, apples!" His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________.

accommodation

Which concept refers to the persistent difference in grades, test scores, and graduation rates that exist among students of different ethnicities, races, and sexes?

achievement gap

Which term refers to the adjustment of a schema by adding information similar to what is already known?

assimilation

________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.

cognitive

During the ________ stage, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations.

concrete operational

Annaliese knows that her friend is paying an online service to write a term paper. This bothers her, but she knows that if she tells the teacher everyone will think she is a snitch. She decides her friends' approval is more important, so she says nothing about the cheating. What stage of moral reasoning does this exemplify?

conventional

The continuous development approach views development as a ________.

cumulative process

What is the primary psychosocial milestone of childhood?

developing a positive sense of self

Jory, a six-year-old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves the movie Cars, his mother does, too. What does this exemplify?

egocentrism

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

environment and culture

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

genes and biology

Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

identity vs. confusion

Which of the following is a developmental issue children face during the formal operational stage?

moral reasoning

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify?

object permanence

In ________ thinking, decisions are made based on situations and circumstances, and logic is integrated with emotion as adults develop principles that depend on contexts.

post formal

________ development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships.

psychosocial