PSYC 1001 Chapter 3

Which person in the United States is most likely to suffer from red-green colorblindness? a) David, who is 24 b) Sally, who is 3 c) Juanita, who is 15 d) Felicia, who is 95

a) David, who is 24

Bottom-up processing is to ____ as top-down processing is to ____. a) properties of the stimulus; prior knowledge b) nonscientific reasoning; scientific reasoning c) vision; audition d) Gestalt psychology; cognitive psychology

a) properties of the stimulus; prior knowledge

While our experiences do not greatly influence the processes involved in ____, they can greatly influence the processes involved in ____. a) sensation; perception b) perception; sensation c) transduction; action potentials d) action potentials; transduction

a) sensation; perception

A photo of a blue and black dress may appear white and gold depending upon one's perception of whether it was photographed in bright light or dim light, an effect that may be due to ____. a) color constancy b) brightness constancy c) cognitive constancy d) object constancy

a) color constancy

The absolute threshold is defined as the minimum ____. a) intensity of a stimulus to be detected 50% of the time b) intensity of a stimulus to be detected 100% of the time c) change in stimulus intensity to be detected 50% of the time d) change in stimulus intensity to be detected 100% of the time

a) intensity of a stimulus to be detected 50% of the time

The trichromatic theory of color vision states that ____. a) three different types of cones detect the three different primary colors of light b) humans really only perceive three different colors c) cells in the retina can send information to the brain about two colors, but only one at a time d) the three major types of cells in our visual system are: red/green, blue/yellow, and black/white cells

a) three different types of cones detect the three different primary colors of light

According to recent research, women are more likely to be better than men at what type of visual skill? a) Visualizing what the back of something might look like without actually seeing it b) Being able to see the slight difference between two different colors c) Following the activity of a person performing a series of quick motions d) Recognizing familiar shapes and images in an abstract environment, such as clouds and stars

b) Being able to see the slight difference between two different colors

The opponent-process theory states that ____. a) light is converted into neural impulses very differently depending upon its color b) cells in the visual system are sensitive to two colors of light, but not at the same time c) three different types of receptor cells correspond with the three primary colors of light d) color is determined as different receptor cells compete with each other to fire the most neural impulses to the brain

b) cells in the visual system are sensitive to two colors of light, but not at the same time

Similar to the blind spot in the retina, the tongue has a "blind spot" in the ____ of the tongue. a) back b) center c) right side d) left side

b) center

Our kinesthetic sense gathers its primary information from ____, whereas our vestibular sense gathers its primary information from ____. a) the olfactory bulb; the basilar membrane b) muscles; semicircular canals c) the inner ear; the skin d) the tongue; the eyes

b) muscles; semicircular canals

Top-down processing can lead to perceptual errors because ____. a) the part of the brain involved in this type of processing does not operate at the highest level of logical thought b) our expectations can strongly influence what we perceive c) it is based on concrete thinking rather than abstract thinking d) there is typically no background information to support such processing

b) our expectations can strongly influence what we perceive

Which statement would a Gestalt psychologist most likely agree with? a) "When it comes to psychology, sensation's the thing." b) "The ultimate factor separating humans from other animals is the ability to contemplate existence." c) "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts." d) "If I think I am conscious, I am conscious."

c) "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts."

Bernice returns to the darkened theater after visiting the concession stand and finds that she cannot see well enough to find her seat. What is she experiencing? a) Temporary blindness b) Light adaptation c) Dark adaptation d) An abundance of ganglion cells in her retina

c) Dark adaptation

Which progression represents a correct sequence in the sense of hearing? a) Eardrum, pinna, oval window, vestibular canal b) Auditory canal, vestibular nerve, eardrum c) Pinna, eardrum, oval window, basilar membrane d) Pinna, basilar membrane, cochlea, tympanic membrane

c) Pinna, eardrum, oval window, basilar membrane

Jamal is preparing to clean his oven when he accidentally sprays himself in the eyes with oven cleaner. The caustic chemical damages the outside covering of his eyes where the light enters. Jamal has most likely injured his ____. a) iris b) lens c) cornea d) fovea

c) cornea

Your grandparents have age- or noise-related hearing loss. As a result, they will have the most difficulty hearing ____. a) low-frequency sounds b) middle-frequency sounds c) high-frequency sounds d) sounds from all frequencies

c) high-frequency sounds

Which theory would have the most difficulty in explaining how we hear high pitch sounds? a) Place b) Volley c) Duplicity d) Frequency

d) Frequency

Entering a restaurant causes a strong emotional reaction as a smell reminds you of long ago visits to your grandmother's kitchen. This bodily reaction is most directly due to your ____. a) kinesthetic sense b) Pacinian corpuscles c) endocrine system d) limbic system

d) limbic system

The trichromatic theory has difficulty explaining ____. a) color blindness b) the ability to see yellow c) color mixing d) negative afterimages

d) negative afterimages

Gustation is to ____, as olfaction is to ____. a) touch; taste b) audition; vision c) smell; audition d) taste; smell

d) taste; smell