PSYC 150

The brain's left and right hemispheres serving different functions is called?

lateralization

The term for hemispheric specialization is _____.

lateralization

A highly efficient computer engineer would most likely have larger _____ lobes.

parietal

This is a mental predisposition to perceive one thing & not another

perception set

simultaneous processing of info consciously and unconsciously

dual

A car driver's ability to navigate a familiar route while carrying on a conversation with passengers BEST illustrates the importance of:

dual processing.

The tiny gap between a terminal of one axon and a dendrite of a neighboring neuron is called the:

synapse

Santiago Ramón Cajal referred to _____as "protoplasmic kisses."

synaptic gaps

This process of the brain looks at the whole rather than the individual parts to derive meaning

top-down

Racial and ethnic stereotypes can sometimes bias perceptions of others' behaviors. This BEST illustrates the impact of:

top-down processing.

Temporal lobe

Memory, Hearing, Understanding language

The part of the neuron that receives input from other neurons is the:

C. dendrite.

The word "glial" means _____.

Glue

Occipital lobe

Interprets vision (color, light, movement)

Association does not prove causation in psychology means what?

A correlation is simply a recognized relationship between two things or events, but it does not imply causation.

Which structure is the conductor, or "master gland," of the hormone-producing system?

D. the pituitary gland

PET

A(n) _____ scan would be most useful for detecting the brain areas that are most active as a person performs mathematical calculations.

Amy is self-conscious about being overweight and teased at school with low self esteem she needs

Bio-psychosocial

1. Our reflexes such as pulling your hand away from a flame, are governed by the ____, while basic functions of motor skills and respiration are governed by the _____.

C. spinal cord; hindbrain

Which part of the cerebral cortex deals with abstract thinking, planning, executive control, and judgment—the qualities that make us most human?

C. the frontal lobe

a process of research in which detailed consideration is given to one particular entity

Case-study

After a severe accident, this person experienced brain damage difficult playing guitar.

Cerebellum

This person most clearly influenced williams james attempts to understand the adaptive functions of thinking and consciousness.

Charles Darwin

John keeps skipping work because he is so anxoius and edgy. He should contact what type of psychologist for treatment

Clinical

information processing

Dreams help us sort out the day's events and consolidate our memories [critics say - why do we dream about things we have not experienced]

The chemical messengers mostly manufactured by the endocrine glands that can influence our interest in sex, food, and aggression are called _____.

Hormones

cerebellum.

Joan often feels as though she is going to fall over while walking. Her doctor diagnoses a tumor in her:

Pituitary gland

Known as the "master gland," it controls other endocrine glands in the body. It secretes hormones that control sexual development, promote bone and muscle growth, and respond to stress.

How does bright light contribute to wakefulness?

Light striking the retina signals the suprachiasmatic nucleus to suppress the pineal gland's production of the sleep hormone melatonin.

Addictive disorders may stem from malfunctioning reward centers in the

Limbic System

Sleepwalking is MOST likely to be associated with _____ sleep.

NREM-3

What are twin and adoption studies best for?

Personality, styles of thinking and relating Abilities/intelligence test scores Attitudes Interests, tastes Specific fears Brain waves, heart rate

In 1961, two neurosurgeons were able to reduce seizure activity in epileptic patients by severing the corpus callosum. The neurosurgeons were:

Philip Vogel and Joseph Bogen.

According to the information-processing theory of dreaming, if someone is sleep-deprived, they may have trouble remembering information due to the lack of _____ sleep.

REM

If you gently awaken someone who is in _____ sleep, the person is likely to report being in the middle of an interesting dream.

REM

In stressful situations, the sympathetic nervous system _____ glucose (blood sugar) levels and dilates the pupils of the eyes.

Raises

What are some traits that you are likely to share if raised together? What are not?

Religious beliefs, Values, Manners, Attitudes, Politics, Habits

EEG

Ronald wakes up feeling tired and with a headache. His physician suspects he may have sleep apnea, a sleep disorder. To make a proper diagnosis, the doctor uses a(n) _______ to view Ronald's brain while he is sleeping. EEG

Dendrite is to_______, as axon is to ______.

Signal reception, signal transmission

20. What is sleep?

Sleep is a recurring state of relaxation that is characterized by an altered state of consciousness, inhibited sensory activity, muscular inhibition, and severely reduced interaction with outside entities.

While taking a test, you inadvertently drop your pencil, so you reach down, pick it up, and put it back on the desk. This voluntary action involved motor signals that were communicated out to your muscles via the _____ nervous system.

Somatic

_____ occurs below the absolute threshold for conscious awareness

Subliminal stimulation

amygdala.

The limbic system structure that influences aggression is called the:

Epigenetics can be defined as

The stock of different genes in an interbreeding.

fMRI

The technique that reveals blood flow and brain functioning, as well as brain structure, through a special application of another neuroimaging technique is _____.

17. What alters our circadian rhythm?

a cycle of bodily rhythm that occurs over a 24 hour period so a can in that cycle.

What is a hypothesis?

a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.

Studying the impact of boredom and fatigue on participants' _____ thresholds would involve research based on signal detection theory.

absolute

If _____ transmission is blocked, we are paralyzed.

ach

Hypnosis, daydreaming, and meditation are all examples of

altered states of consciousness.

Frontal lobe

associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving

The functions of the body that operate outside of conscious awareness are governed by the _______ nervous system.

autonomic

Sarah's mother suffers from frequent panic attacks. The doctor has prescribed Seconal (a depressant drug that reduces anxiety and induces relaxation). Seconal is classified as a(n):

barbiturate

Hypothalamus

brain region controlling the pituitary gland

After suffering a brain injury from an accident, Bruce has difficulty walking in a smooth, coordinated manner. It is likely that he has suffered damage to his _____.

cerebellum

Staying up late and sleeping in on weekends, then going to bed early on Sunday is most likely to have an influence on the _____ rhythm.

circadian

A daughter likes to stayup late socializing. Her mother goes goes to sleep early and goes her best work around 8am

circadian rhythm

Three key attitudes of scientific inquiry are

curiosity, skepticism, humility

Sensation is to ________ as perception is to ________.

detection, interpretation

What is the concern of nature vs nuture?

difference between your biological traits versus raised traits from environment and parents

In examining the role of genes and neurons in addictive behavior, researchers have found that the neurotransmitter _____ appears to be involved.

dopamine

A car driver's ability to navigate a familiar route while carrying on a conversation with passengers BEST illustrates the importance of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

dual processing.

When a cell is at rest:

enough positively charged sodium ions are kept outside of the cell to maintain a slightly negative charge inside.

The study of influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change is called

epigenetics

Which is a biological influence contributing to disordered drug use? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

genetic predispositions

Some people claim to have been abducted by space aliens. These people commonly recall being floated off their beds shortly after they get into bed. It is most likely that they have incorporated _____ into their memories.

hypnagogic sensations

Dr. Williams believes that dreams help us sort out the day's events and consolidate our memories. Dr. Williams is probably a proponent of the _____ theory of dreams.

information-processing

19. What is narcolepsy?

is a long-term neurological disorder that involves a decreased ability to regulate sleep-wake cycles. Symptoms include periods of excessive daytime sleepiness that usually last from seconds to minutes and may occur at any time.

Pineal gland

is located behind the third ventricle. It helps regulate the body's internal clock and circadian rhythms by secreting melatonin. It has some role in sexual development.

Limbic system

is the center of our emotions, learning, and memory. Included in this system are the cingulate gyri, hypothalamus, amygdala (emotional reactions) and hippocampus (memory).

What is critical thinking?

making reasoned judgments that are logical and well-thought out

The _____ lobes are located at the rear of the brain.

occipital

Arun is worried that he will become addicted to the drug he has been taking to relieve his pain and anxiety. He is most likely taking a(n) _____.

opiate

When John learned that Sara had been abused by her ex-husband, he began to perceive her cautious behavior around men as more self-protective than rude. This BEST illustrates the impact of:

perceptual set

Jason was in a serious skateboarding accident in which he crashed head first into a tree. Since the accident he has been irritable and has had trouble controlling his behavior and planning future activities. Jason likely damaged his:

prefrontal cortex.

Chemicals that change perceptions and moods are referred to as _____ drugs.

psychoactive

Parietal lobe

receives sensory input for touch and body position

Dr. Penhale conducts research on how humans are able to focus on particular stimuli. She is studying:

selective attention

experiencing sudden pain is to _____ as recognizing that one is suffering a heart attack is to _____.

sensation; perception

Thalamus

serves as a relay station for almost all information that comes and goes to the cortex. It plays a role in pain sensation, attention, alertness and memory.

Epigenetics is the study of what?

the study of the mechanisms of temporal and spatial control of gene activity during the development of complex organism

information processing guided by higher level mental process, as when we construct perception drawing on our experience and expectations.

top-down processing.