PSYC 2001: Ch. 1
In comparison to a PhD, a PsyD psychologist is more likely to
have been trained exclusively to treat mental disorders.
The most common area of employment for psychology majors is ______.
social services
Unlike counseling psychologists, clinical psychologists help people who are ______.
suffering from serious psychological disorders.
Although it only has roughly one-quarter of the worlds' psychologists, most psychological research is conducted in
the United States.
Psychology's roots can be traced back to
the ancient Greeks
Neuroscientists are most likely to consider how
the body influences behavior.
The behavioral perspective emphasizes the role of ______ in behavior.
the environment
The subfields of psychology are related to each other because they share a common goal, which is
understanding behavior.
The majority of psychologists in the United States are
white.
Which of the following are associated with the humanistic perspective?
Abraham Maslow Carl Rogers
Research assistant, marketing specialist, public relations officer, social services case worker: these are all examples of jobs that can be done with what degree in psychology (choose the lowest degree required)?
Bachelor's
_______ psychology studies how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death.
Developmental
Darwin's concept of natural selection is most closely related to what branch of psychology?
Evolutionary
__________ psychology considers how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors.
Evolutionary
Psychology was one of the few fields that recognized the contributions of women to its development.
False
Behavioral
Focuses on observable behavior
Which psychologists believe that, when it comes to perception, the whole is different from the sum of its parts?
Gestalt
Which subfield of psychology includes both psychological factors and physical diseases?
Health
Who among of the following would be interested in stress and fears that prevent people from carrying out their normal activities?
Health psychologist Clinical psychologist Counseling psychologist
Which of the following would most likely be the subject of experimental psychology?
How to make a workplace more safe
The first major American psychologist to use a behavioral approach was ______; he believed that one could gain a complete understanding of behavior by studying the environment in which a person operated.
John B. Watson
Which American educator drew on functionalism to develop the field of school psychology?
John Dewey
Which of the following is true about the key issues in the field of psychology?
Psychologists all agree on what the key issues of the field are.
Which perspective focuses on uncovering the fundamental mental components of perception, consciousness, thinking, emotions, and other kinds of mental states?
Structuralism
The person who led the challenge to Wundt's approach of introspection as a scientific technique was ____, who led the functionalist movement.
William James
_____ developed the first laboratory devoted to psychological research.
Wundt
In the field of psychology, women are more likely than men to
attend graduate school.
A _________ cultural psychologist would be interested in investigating the similarities and differences in psychological functioning in various cultures and ethnic groups.
cross
Differences between the United States and other industrialized nations in the use of spanking during childhood would be of most interest to a(n)
cross-cultural psychologist.
A baby taking her first step or saying her first word are universal milestones that would be studied in ______ psychology.
developmental
The cognitive perspective
focuses on how people think, understand, and know about the world.
______ focused on the purpose of mental activity and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environments.
functionalism
A psychologist taking the behavioral perspective to study how people change during college would be most interested in which of the following?
> A student's study habits. > The student's striving to reach his or her full potential.
Select the five major perspectives in the field psychology today.
> Cognitive > Behavioral > Neuroscience > Psychodynamic > Humanistic
Which of the following would be areas of most interest to a health psychologist?
> How long-term stress affects physical health > How to promote positive health behaviors
What subfield of psychology focuses on how the brain and the nervous system determine behavior?
Behavioral neuroscience
In trying to describe, predict, and explain human behavior and mental processes, psychologists use Blank______.
Scientific methods
The origins of the psychodynamic perspective are linked to
Sigmund Freud.
Humanistic
Contends that people can control their behavior and that they naturally try to reach their full potential
_______ is an historical approach advocated by William James that concentrated on mental processes and the purposes of the mind and behavior in the individual's adaptation to the environment.
Functionalism
Human aggression, liking and loving, persuasion, and conformity are all topics that would be of most interest to a ______ psychologist.
Social
____________ psychology is the study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others.
Social
June Etta Downey
Spearheaded the study of personality traits and was the first female head of a psychology department at a state university
The perspective that focuses on uncovering the fundamental mental components of perception, consciousness, and other mental states is called
Structuralism
______ focused on uncovering the fundamental mental components of mental states and activities
Structuralism
Mary Calkins
Studied memory and was the first female to lead the American Psychological Association
Someone taking the nature side of the nature versus nurture debate is arguing for the importance of
genetic inheritance.
In comparison to a PsyD, a PhD psychologist is more likely to
have completed a dissertation based on original research.
Unlike clinical psychologists, counseling psychologists help people who are
having career adjustment problems.
In trying to describe, predict, and explain human behavior and mental processes, psychologists use ______.
scientific methods
Which of the following are associated with the behavioral perspective?
> B.F. Skinner > John B. Watson
Anna Freud
Made notable contributions to the treatment of abnormal behavior
The first woman to receive a doctorate in psychology was
Margaret Floy Washburn.
Hermann Ebbinghaus and Max ______ led the gestalt movement.
Max Wertheimer
The subfield of psychology that deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders is called clinical______ psychology.
clinical
Most psychologist work
in academic settings.
The PsyD is
obtained by those who wish to focus on the treatment of psychological disorders.
Cognitive
Examines how people understand and think about the world
According to evolutionary psychology, a broad variety of behaviors are influenced by
genetic inheritance.
Each theoretical perspective has a position somewhere on the "nature versus nurture" debate. Which of the following perspectives would emphasize nurture more than nature?
> Humanistic > Behavorial
Which of the following is a criticism of the evolutionary approach?
> It ignores biological explanations to human behavior > It minimizes the role of environmental and social forces in behavior.
Which of the following are included in cognitive psychology?
> Language > Problem solving > Decision making > Thinking > Judging
Darwin believed that natural selection determined our physical traits. Evolutionary psychologists believe that natural selection determines which of the following?
> Personality traits > Social behaviors
In which of the following settings would you be likely to find a psychologist working?
> Public school district > University > Government > Hospital
The underrepresentation of racial and ethnic minorities among psychologists is significant for which of the following reasons?
> The field of psychology is diminished by the lack of diverse perspectives and talents that minority-group members can provide. > The rarity of minority psychologists can discourage some members of minority groups from seeking treatment. > The underrepresentation may deter other minority-group members from entering the field.
Which of the following would be studied by a personality psychologist?
> The traits that differentiate one person from another > The consistency in people's behavior across their lives
Which of the following statements about women in the field of psychology are true?
> Women psychologists outnumber male psychologists by more than 2 to 1. > Seventy-five percent of psychology graduate students are female.
Which of the following are key issues in the field of psychology?
> free will versus determinism > nature versus nurture > individual differences versus universal principles
Which perspective is being practiced when a psychologist focuses on the activities a person is engaging in, and not the thoughts or feelings the person has?
Behavioral
Psychodynamic
Believes behavior is motivated by inner, unconscious forces over which a person has little control
Mamie Phipps Clark
Carried out pioneering work on how children of color grew to recognize racial differences
Which subfield of psychology combines neuroscience and clinical psychology to understand psychological disorders?
Clinical neuropsychology
____________ psychology is a subspecialty of experimental psychology that focuses on higher mental processes, including thinking, memory, decision making, and language.
Cognitive
________ psychology is the branch of psychology that studies the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world.
Experimental
Which procedure was favored by structuralists over functionalists?
Introspection
Who used the functionalist approach to develop the field of school psychology?
John Dewey
Philosophers argued for hundreds of years about some of the questions psychologists grapple with today. For instance, the British philosopher _____ believed that children were born into the world with minds like "blank slates" and that their experiences determined what kind of adults they would become.
John Locke
In the context of psychology, which of the following is a behavior?
Movement
Do you need to have earned a doctorate to do anything with a degree in psychology?
No
Leta Stetter Hollingworth
One of the first psychologists to focus on child development
Which of the following is a mental process?
Perception of a threat
What group was barred from many psychology graduate programs in the early 1900s?
Women
_______ psychology studies the traits that differentiate one person from another.
Personality
A _______ is a degree that requires the completion of original research, whereas a________ is a degree for those wishing to focus on the treatment of psychological disorders. (Answers are abbreviations.)
PhD PsyD
A psychologist taking the psychodynamic perspective to study how people change during college would be most interested in which of the following?
The unconscious motives that led the student to attend college in the first place.
Which of the following is true of psychologists in the United States?
They are outnumbered by psychologists in other countries.
Neuroscience
Views behavior from the perspective of biological functioning
To help in identifying the subfields of psychology, which of the following would be the best question to ask?
What type of behavior does it address?
The formal beginning of psychology as a scientific discipline is generally considered to have occurred when
William Wundt established the first experimental laboratory dedicated to psychological phenomenon.
A focus on external behavior rather than the internal workings of the mind is favored by the __________perspective.
behavioral
The only perspective of the five psychological perspectives that emphasizes observable behavior over internal mental processes is the ______ perspective.
behavioral
The cognitive perspective would most likely compare the human brain to a
computer.
Humanistic psychology focuses on the _____ as a determinant of behavior.
conscious
Evolutionary explanations of behavior are
controversial.
The nurture side of the nature versus nurture debate is associated with which of the following?
environment
When you are asked to describe in as much detail as you can what you are experiencing, you are being asked to
introspect.
Wundt and others used a technique called ______, which involved describing in their own words and in as much detail as possible what they were experiencing.
introspection
What is the area of psychology that focuses on the origin of psychological disorders in biological factors?
neuropsychology
A psychologist who is studying how heredity influences behavior most likely will be using the ______ perspective.
neuroscience
Alan is studying heart rate variability in response to anxiety. He is using the _____ perspective to study a psychological phenomenon.
neuroscience