Psyc 3
Which of the following is not a risk factor for SIDS?
above average birth weight
Which of the following is not a hindbrain structure?
amygdala
Which of these statements about Rosalind Cartwright is false?
She is a Jungian dream analyst.
Why can amphetamines be used to treat ADHD in children?
They increase neurotransmitter activity within certain areas of the brain associated with impulse control.
During the fight or flight response, which of the following endocrine glands is most likely to increase activity?
adrenal
________ is a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulation.
beta-endorphin
The sleep cycle is an example of a(n) ________ rhythm.
circadian
Which of the following imaging techniques does not collect information about brain functioning?
computerized tomography (CT) scan
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________.
depression
Diabetes is a(n) ________ disorder because insulin is a ________.
endocrine; hormone
Seeing the light from the sun, feeling the warmth of a room, and hearing the voice of a friend are all examples of ________ stimuli.
external
The effects of neurotransmitters tend to be ________, whereas the effects of hormones tend to be ________.
fast; long lasting
Which of the following would be experienced during a euphoric high?
feelings of intense elation and pleasure
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage's accident, which led to brain injury?
Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors.
Twin boys both have a gene associated with aggressive tendencies. What is the most likely outcome to be observed in their behavior as they grow up?
It is not possible to determine the twins' behaviors based on having this single gene.
The ________ receives messages from muscles, tendons, joints, and structures in our ear to control balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills.
cerebellum
Physical dependence on a drug is indicated by the user experiencing ________ as a result of discontinuing use of the drug.
changes in normal bodily function
Bev likes to be up late at night and sleep in; Caleb likes to wake up with the sun and go to bed early. A psychologist would say they have different ________.
chronotypes
Most people are awake during the day and asleep at night because their ________ cycles are aligned with the outside world.
circadian
Which one of the following processes does not occur to excess neurotransmitters in the synapse?
collection by scavenger vesicles left over from the neurotransmitter release
According to the dissociation view of hypnosis, hypnosis is ________.
effectively a dissociated state of consciousness
While ________ is generally achieved through the interaction of a therapist and the person being treated, an individual can perform ________ alone.
hypnosis; meditation
Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite, and reduced sexual desire. Which of the following structures is her tumor most likely affecting?
hypothalamus
________theory suggests that when people are hypnotized they have voluntarily divided their conscious: one half aware of reality and the other half tuned in to the hypnotist.
NOTsocial-cognitive
A particular electrical signal being transmitted to a neuron is sufficient to generate an action potential. If the magnitude of the incoming electrical signal is doubled, the action potential will ________.
undergo no changes in strength, speed, or duration
Isla is describing her dream to a friend. She explains that in her dream she being chased by zombies and she escaped them by hiding in a refrigerator. Her description of her dream is focused on ________ content.
manifest
Jennifer has been depressed for several months, and she decided to take an overdose of sleeping pills. After taking the pills, her breathing rate decreased dramatically, her heart slowed down, and her blood pressure decreased. Which brain structure is the drug acting on?
medulla
The ________ gland is often referred to as the master gland of the endocrine system.
pituitary
Shoresh suggests that Ted cluck like a chicken during the hypnosis not because he is experiencing an altered state of consciousness but because he is playing the role of a hypnotized person. This is a good example of the ________ theory of hypnotism.
social-cognitive
Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity.
stimulant
Which of the following is not a limbic system structure?
substantia nigra
Tayla smokes marijuana. At first, just a few inhalations were enough to cloud her mind. Over time, she needs to smoke more and more to achieve the same affect. This is an example of ________.
tolerance
Individuals undergoing hypnosis ________.
usually have clear memories of the hypnotic experience and are in control of their own behaviors
The myelin sheath consists of a(n) ________.
glial cell
Mescaline is considered a ________ drug because it results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences.
hallucinogenic
Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?
hypothalamus
Which of the following is a symptom of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)?
kicking and punching while asleep
Nancy is aware that she is dreaming when she has a nightmare, so she concentrates and changes her dream from bad to good. This is a good example of ________ dreaming.
lucid
A state of ________, as shown by EEG recordings of new practitioners, is not an altered state of consciousness; however, patterns of brain waves exhibited by expert practitioners may represent a unique state of consciousness.
meditation
Hyperpolarization means that the ________.
membrane potential becomes slightly more negative than the resting potential
Which of the following is an example of a synthetic opioid?
methadone
Polygenic means that most traits are controlled by ________.
more than one gene
Cataplexy is a symptom associated with ________.
narcolepsy
Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome are all examples of________.
parasomnias
________ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall.
range of reaction
Agonists bind to ________ and antagonists bind to ________.
receptors; receptors
Which of the following senses is not routed through the thalamus?
smell
Victoria has accumulated a large sleep debt. This means that she ________.
suffers from chronic sleep deprivation
What can you do to realign your biological clock with the external world when you work a rotating shift?
Expose yourself to bright light while working.
People often report that they have not been asleep if they are awoken during stage ________ sleep.
1
Which of the following is not a disadvantage of PET scanning?
An alternative diagnostic tool is fMRI.
Which of the following areas is located in the frontal lobe of the brain?
Broca's area
Of adoptees whose biological mothers had schizophrenia and who were raised in disturbed family environments, 36.8% were likely to develop schizophrenia; of adoptees whose mothers did not have schizophrenia and who were raised in disturbed family environments, 5.3% were likely to develop schizophrenia. What is the most appropriate conclusion of these results?
Environmental factors and genetic factors interact to determine whether a person is likely to develop schizophrenia.
Jeremy has Parkinson's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor skills. In addition to motor symptoms, Jeremy has noticed changes in his mood, and he feels the need to smoke more cigarettes than he used to. It is likely that Jeremy's ________ is producing less ________ than it needs to.
IT IS NOT motor cortex; dopamine
Which of the following is an example of wakefulness?
Jemma, competing in a marathon
The social cognitive theory of hypnosis suggests that ________
People in hypnotic states are performing the social role of a hypnotized person.
The social cognitive theory of hypnosis suggests that ________.
People in hypnotic states are performing the social role of a hypnotized person.
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The consequences of sleep debt include increased levels of alertness and mental efficiency."
The word "increased" should be changed to the word "decreased."
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? The brain's clock mechanism is located in an area of the hypothalamus known as the pineal nucleus.
The word "pineal" should be changed to the word "suprachiasmatic."
Rosemary had a stroke about a year ago and now she cannot understand what people are saying to her. This is embarrassing for her, so she responds using vague language and tries to make it appear as though she understands. Which area of Rosemary's brain was likely damaged by the stroke?
Wernicke's area
Shyla experiences a long delay between the time that she goes to bed and the time that she actually falls asleep. In addition, she wakes up several times during the night and has difficulty getting back to sleep. To diagnose Shyla with insomnia, it is necessary that she experiences these symptoms________.
at least three nights a week for one month
Which of the following senses is associated with the temporal lobe?
audition
Regular feelings of hunger are an example of a(n) ________ rhythm.
biological
Psychological researchers study genetics in order to better understand the ________ that contributes to certain behaviors.
biology
Which of the following higher level processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex?
breathing
Melatonin release is stimulated by ________ and inhibited by ________.
darkness; light
Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression?
dopamine; norepinephrine
________ is a technique often used in studies investigating sleep patterns. Researchers place electrodes at various locations on a person's head in order to record brainwaves.
electroencephalography (EEG)
Which psychological perspective might advance the argument that our sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risks, which are higher during periods of darkness?
evolutionary
Clive Wearing could remember which of the following types of memory?
how to play the piano
Parsons et al. are doing a study comparing differences in brain activity levels between patients with schizophrenia and controls with no psychological disorders. Their hypothesis requires a high level of detail and good detection of differences over time. Which of the following is the best brain imaging technique to use?
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
When Brady is hot he sweats. When Brady is cold, he gets goose bumps on his skin so he will warm up more quickly. This is an example of how the body tries to achieve ________.
homeostasis
In a resting state, sodium (Na+) is at a higher concentration outside the cell and potassium (K+) is more concentrated inside the cell. During an action potential, the sodium levels ________ inside the cell.
increase
Feeling pain, hunger, thirst, sleepiness, and being aware of our thoughts and emotions are all examples of ________ stimuli.
internal
Randolf is walking down the street of his hometown, after being away for several years, when he smells the scent of freshly baked pie coming from a local baker. He suddenly has vivid memories of walking down this street as a child, holding both of his parents' hands, and swinging between them, feeling relaxed and happy. This is because the sense of smell projects directly to the ________, which is responsible for ________ memories.
limbic system; emotional
Samek was driving to work when he suddenly felt paralyzed and couldn't resist falling asleep. Samek may have ________.
narcolepsy
After Omar falls asleep he feels a sense of panic, screams, and attempts to escape from his room. Which parasomnia does Omar have?
night terrors
Uncomfortable sensations in the leg during periods of inactivity are a symptom of ________ leg syndrome.
restless
Crack is considered more addictive than cocaine because it is ________.
smokable, so it reaches the brain more quickly
The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration.
sympathetic
The auditory cortex is located in which lobe of the brain?
temporal
The ________ of a neuron contain ________ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system.
terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles
Studying close relatives allows behavioral geneticists to determine ________.
the relative contributions of genes and environment in a population
While the American Heart Association (AHA) suggests that meditation might be used in conjunction with more traditional treatments as a way to manage hypertension, ________.
there is not adequate empirical support for its effectiveness
