Psych 1101 CH 7

communication system that involves using words to transmit information from one individual to another

LANGUAGE

continually using an old solution to a problem without results

MENTAL SET

mental groupings that are created through your experiences; a rainbow is an example

NATURAL CONCEPT

basic sound unit of a given language

PHONEMES

best representation of a concept; for example, a golden retriever might represent your concept of "dog"

PROTOTYPE

consistency, producing the same results again and again

RELIABILITY

faulty heuristic in which you stereotype someone or something without a valid basis for your judgment; for example you meet someone from Canada that is polite so you assume all Canadians are polite

REPRESENTATIVENESS BIAS

process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words

SEMANTICS

this is a measure of general intelligence

SPEARMAN'S "G"

method of testing in which administration, scoring, and interpretation of results are consistent

STANDARDIZATION

manner by which words are organized into sentences

SYNTAX

accuracy; the degree to which a test measures what it claims to measure

VALIDITY

Aram is proficient in playing a number of instruments and can easily learn new songs and rhythms. This exemplifies ________ intelligence from the multiple intelligences theory. A. musical B. linguistic C. logical-mathematical D. spatial

A

Emily is an adult with a 4th-grade skill level in reading, writing, and math. Her doctor suggests she would be capable of holding a job and living independently. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Emily? A. mild B. profound C. severe D. moderate

A

problem-solving strategy characterized by a specific set of instructions; for example, the area of a rectangle can be determined by length x width

ALGORITHM

a category that is defined by a very specific set of characteristics; for example, shapes

ARTIFICIAL CONCEPT

believing the opinion of your doctor on a topic without doing your own research is an example of this

AUTHORITY HEURISTIC

faulty heuristic in which you make a decision based on information readily available to you

AVAILABILITY HEURISTIC

An intelligence score that falls below ________ indicates significant cognitive delays, and may be indicative of an intellectual disability. Selected Answer: A. 130 B. 70 C. 100 D. 40

B

Carmela believes her assistant, Lian, is incompetent. She notices only what Lian does wrong while ignoring the above average quality of most of her work. This exemplifies ________ bias. A. representational B. confirmation C. anchoring D. hindsight

B

Niaz's car breaks down, and he is convinced that it was a predictable event even though there was no way of knowing it would happen. This exemplifies ________. A. representational bias B. hindsight bias C. anchoring bias D. availability heuristic

B

The analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to ________. A. provide correct or established answers to a problem B. analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast C. produce new products or ideas and invent novel solutions to a problem D. think outside the box to arrive at novel solutions to a problem

B

What did the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggest about intelligence? The findings from this study ________. A. suggested that intelligence is affected by early adoption B. revealed a genetic component to intelligence C. suggested there is no genetic component to intelligence D. demonstrated that female twins are more intelligent than male twins

B

What impact did Genie's early isolation have on her ability to acquire language? She never developed a(n) ________. A. lexicon B. mastery of the grammatical aspects of language C. ability to communicate D. ability to speak

B

Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for? A. hindsight bias B. functional fixedness C. representative bias D. anchoring bias

B

Which pair of individuals is most likely to have the highest similarity in their IQ scores? A. Annabeth and Andre are half-siblings who have the same father but different mothers. They've lived together since they were 3 and 5 years old, respectively. B. Marcus and Maria are identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different families. C. Vondra and Victoria are a mother and daughter who have lived together for all of Victoria's 15 years. D. Jerry and Jerica are fraternal twins who were raised in the same home.

B

Which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words? A. language B. semantics C. syntax D. interpretation

B

________ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory. A. Personality B. Cognition C. Priming D. Conceptualization

B

Illnesses such as diabetes and cancer kill more than twice the number of Americans than murder or car accidents. However, Zale sees car accidents as more dangerous because he often hears about car accident fatalities on the nightly news, and he doesn't know anyone with diabetes or cancer. Therefore, Zale takes more precautions against car accidents. This exemplifies ________. A. the availability heuristic B. an algorithm C. functional fixedness D. the hindsight bias

A

Nima excels at working with numbers in subjects such as calculus and algebra. This exemplifies ________ intelligence from the multiple intelligences theory. A. logical-mathematical B. spatial C. bodily kinesthetic D. interpersonal

A

Rudy is amazing in all of his school classes, except math. He struggles to understand basic arithmetic concepts, confuses mathematical symbols like "+" and "=", and gets very frustrated and upset at the thought of doing math homework. Rudy has a normal level of cognitive functioning in other areas, and reads and writes with ease. Rudy's parents may want to have him evaluated to see if he suffers from ________. A. dyscalculia B. dysgraphia C. intellectual disability D. dyslexia

A

The practice of administering, scoring, and interpreting an assessment tool in the same manner is called ________. A. standardization B. norming C. validation D. cohorting

A

What is the Flynn effect? A. The observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation. B. Once a person knows his IQ, he stops trying to excel academically. C. The observation that each generation has a significantly lower IQ than the previous generation. D. The idea that standard intelligence tests are flawed when they are used to compare ethnic groups.

A

What kind of professional would be most qualified to administer an intelligence test? A. A professional trained in psychology. B. A board-certified psychiatrist. C. A social worker who operates in a high school or middle school. D. An employee of the Social Security administration.

A

Which statistic is a measure of how data are dispersed in a population and can be used to give context to larger data sets? A. standard deviation B. correlation coefficient C. variability D. heritability

A

Which term refers to the vocabulary of a language, or the words contained within that language? A. lexicon B. phoneme C. morpheme D. grammar

A

Who developed the triarchic theory of intelligence? A. Robert Sternberg B. Raymond Cattell C. Charles Spearman D. Howard Gardner

A

________ are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences. A. Concepts B. Beliefs C. Values D. Emotions

A

________ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics. A. Artificial B. Prototypical C. Natural D. Ideal

A

Although her reading skills are just fine, Beatriz has difficulty with her writing. Her teachers have noticed that no matter how hard she tries and how much they work with her the handwriting on her papers is almost illegible. Further, although she has great thoughts and understands concepts at a high level, she is unable to put them into a cohesive written paper. Beatriz may suffer from ________. A. dyslexia B. intellectual disability C. dysgraphia D. dyscalculia

C

In Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory, ________ intelligence and ________ intelligence are often combined into a single type: emotional intelligence. A. intrapersonal; naturalist B. logical-mathematical; interpersonal C. interpersonal; intrapersonal D. musical; linguistic

C

Jake is sympathetic and considerate of his friends' moods. He really identifies with their feelings and readily understands their point of view. He is well-known around campus, and he has great relationships with his classmates and professors. Which area of the multiple intelligences model does this exemplify? A. naturalist B. intrapersonal C. interpersonal D. linguistic

C

Kai cuts her foot while hiking. She forgot to pack bandages, but she has a tube of superglue and uses that to seal the wound. Kai's ability to invent a solution uses the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence. A. analytic B. crystallized C. creative D. fluid

C

What is the confirmation bias? A. stereotyping someone or something unintentionally B. focusing only on one piece of information when making a decision C. focusing on information that confirms your existing beliefs D. believing the event you just experienced was predictable

C

What was the most controversial conclusion made by Arthur Jensen with regard to Level 1 and Level II intelligence? A. Those without Level II intelligence should be sterilized so that they could not reproduce. B. Level I intelligence at higher levels should exempt citizens from military service. C. African Americans, as a group, had the lowest amount of Level II intelligence. D. Level I intelligence could only be mastered by those who were socioeconomically advantaged.

C

Which individual was asked by the French government to create an assessment tool - an intelligence test, of sorts - that would be used to identify schoolchildren who would be more likely to have difficulty in school? A. Sir Francis Galton B. Louis Terman C. Alfred Binet D. Marcelle Curie

C

faulty heuristic in which you focus on information that supports your beliefs while ignoring evidence that goes against your beliefs

CONFIRMATION BIAS

providing correct or established answers to problems; such as using a hammer to attach a nail to a wall

CONVERGENT THINKING

characterized by acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it

CRYSTALLIZED INTELLIGENCE

"Each person is born with a genetic potential to reach a certain level of potential, but whether or not they accomplish that level depends on their environments and experiences." This is the foundation of the ________ model. A. g-factor B. evolutionary C. triarchic D. range of reaction

D

A(n) ________ is a basic sound unit of a given language. A. syllable B. syntactic unit C. morpheme D. phoneme

D

Anwar is hiking in the woods and he gets lost. He spends several days trying to find his way back to his basecamp, but he has the knowledge to gather wood, start a fire, and keep himself warm at night. He is also able to identify local berries and mushrooms growing that he can eat without being poisoned. Anwar is demonstrating ________ intelligence from the triarchic theory. A. fluid B. analytic C. functional D. practical

D

Gonzalo is attempting to open his car door using the auto lock button on his keychain. He pushes the button twice, but his car door does not open. He continues to push the button even though it is likely that the auto lock feature has stopped working, and he will need to open the door manually with his key. This illustrates a ________. A. functional fixedness B. hindsight bias C. confirmation bias D. mental set

D

Knowing what a dinosaur is because you looked through a book with pictures of dinosaurs and watched the film Jurassic Park is an example of a natural concept that was developed through ________ experience. A. practical B. theoretical C. direct D. indirect

D

Knowing what a rainbow looks like because you have seen a rainbow is an example of a(n) ________ concept. A. artificial B. modular C. prototypical D. natural

D

Samara meets a nurse. She immediately assumes he is able to help care for sick people, works long hours, and dispenses advice about illness because her ________ schema suggests that nurses behave this way. A. event B. script C. artificial D. role

D

The type of intelligence that involves seeing complex relationships and solving problems is ________ intelligence. A. intrapersonal B. applied C. crystallized D. fluid

D

Which option is NOT one of the Wechsler tests of intelligence? A. Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) B. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) C. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) D. Wechsler Adolescent Intelligence Measure (WAIM)

D

ability to think "outside the box" to arrive at novel solutions to a problem; this can serve as a measure of creativity

DIVERGENT THINKING

ability to understand emotions and motivations in yourself and others

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

ability to see complex relationships and solve problems

FLUID INTELLIGENCE

inability to see an object as useful for any other use other than the one for which it was intended

FUNCTIONAL FIXEDNESS

set of rules that are used to convey meaning through the use of a lexicon

GRAMMAR

mental shortcut that saves time when solving a problem

HEURISTIC