Psych 122 Midterm # 2
In the United States, about ?% of females and ?% of males smoke?
15; 21
Evidence indicated that meditation can lead to what?
A beneficial physiological state
Catharsis
A release of emotional tension
Fantasy
Act of fulfilling conscious or unconscious wishes and impulses in one's imagination
Forgiveness
Act of releasing someone from further liability for his or her transgression
According to Herbert Benson, the relaxation response is NOT aided by a(n) what?
Active attitude
Eric has been feeling depressed and had a lot of tension and anxiety while he looks for a new job. He thinks regular exercise will be of benefit. Given the research, what would you tell him?
An outlet for frustration, a distraction from the stressor, and benefits to physical and emotional health
Which of the following is NOT involved in constructive coping?
Applying basic principles of classical conditioning
rational-emotive behavior therapy
Approach focusing on altering clients' patterns of illogical thinking to reduce maladaptive feelings and actions
Which of the following is known to be the principal cause of coronary heart disease?
Atherosclerosis
Research presented in your text regarding parenting and self-esteem has found? - thus, it would appropriate to conclude what
Authoritative parenting(high control/high acceptance) results in higher self esteem of the child
unrealistic optimism
Awareness that certain health-related behaviors are dangerous but erroneously viewing those dangers as risks for others
Even though she does not even like the particular genre of music, Jane told all of her friends that the winner of American Idol was from her hometown, Jane was using the method of self-enhancement known as?
Basking in reflected glory
Problem-solving has been linked to what?
Better psychological adjustment, lower levels of depression, fewer health complaints
Each of the following limits one's ability to accurately engage in self-assessment EXCEPT
Biased affective forecasting
Which of the following is NOT a source of self-efficacy?
Blocking emotional arousal, or parental expectations
Suppose the following four classmates are exposed to a cold virus in the classroom. Which of the four is LEAST likely to get a cold?
Chris, who is high in agreeableness
coronary heart disease
Chronic condition that results from a reduction in blood flow to the heart
alcohol dependence (alcoholism)
Chronic, progressive disorder marked by a growing compulsion to drink and impaired control over drinking
Nutrition
Collection of processes through which an organism utilizes the materials required for survival and growth
Recent studies suggest that physical fitness is associated with a decreased risk for which of the following?
Colon cancer in men reproductive cancer in women breast cancer in women
Meditation
Conscious attempt to focus attention in a non analytical way using a family of mental exercises
According to your textbook, people are motivated to maintain a(n) ? view of the self
Consistent
Atherosclerosis
Disease characterized by deposits of fatty plaques on the inner walls of arteries
If you yell at your little sister after having a fight with your girlfriend, you may be diverting your anger through the use of what?
Displacement
Type A personality
Disposition that is marked by a strong competitive orientation, impatience, and anger & hostility
Type B personality
Disposition that is marked by relatively relaxed, patient, easygoing, amicable behavior
Hallucinogen
Diverse group of drugs that have powerful effects on mental and emotional functioning
Which of the following is an example of the coping strategy known as behavioral disengagement?
Dropping a class because it is evident that one needs to take one of the recommended prerequisites
Narcotic
Drug derived from opium that is capable of relieving pain
Stimulant
Drug that tends to increase the central nervous system and behavioral activity
Coping
Effort to master, reduce, or tolerate the demands created by stress
Overdose
Excessive quantity of a drug that can seriously threaten one's life
In order to get the full benefit from the relaxation response, it only needs to be practiced when you are under stress
False
Obesity is determined by weighing 15 lbs. over what is normal for the person's height
False
Relational interdependence is a strategy men frequently use to obtain social needs
False
Which of the following was NOT found in frustration-aggression research?
Fighting a fictional character in a game can release pent-up anger and hostility
Brainstorming
Generation of as many ideas as possible while withholding criticism and evaluation
The leading cause of death in North America is what?
Heart disease
Excessive drinking is correlated with which of the following
Heart disease, stomach cancer, cirrhosis of the liver
biopsychosocial model
Idea that physical illness is caused by a complex interaction of factors
settling-point theory
Idea that weight remains stable if there are no durable changes in factors influencing it
Anderson and Bushman's (2001) review of research on violent video games did NOT find which of the following trends?
Increased violent game play and more incidences of sexual deviance
? includes putting personal goals ahead of group goals and define one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group membership
Individualism
Your friend Tyra had decided to move across the country to pursue graduate school despite her small family all living on the West Coast. This would be considered behavior characteristics of those from a(n) ? culture
Individualistic
Which of the following does NOT typically underlie most self-defeating trade-offs?
Intentional self-harm
Research shows that smoking increases the likelihood of developing what?
Lung cancer, heart disease, and stroke
Intellectualization
Method of dealing with difficulties by looking at them in a detached, abstract way
Overcompensation
Method of making up for real or imagined deficiencies by focusing on desirable characteristics
The first step in attempting to use your time more effectively is to...
Monitor your use of time
Patients are more likely to follow prescribed treatments when their physicians do what?
More frequent dosing
physical dependence
Need to continue to take a drug to avoid withdrawal illness
Noncompliance with instructions reviewed from physicians...
Occurs 30% short time and 50% long time
Authors of the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test are striving to make this test a what?
Performance-based measure of the ability to deal effectively with emotions
hostility
Persistent negative attitude marked by cynical, mistrusting thoughts, feelings of anger, and overtly aggressive actions
Ramon recently lost his job. He has been searching online for job openings and has an appointment with a placement agency. Which constructive coping tactic is Ramon using?
Problem-focused
Tolerance
Progressive decrease in a person's responsiveness to a drug
set-point theory
Proposal that the body monitors fat-cell levels to keep them (and weight) fairly stable
Denial
Refusal to accept reality
As actual-ideal discrepancies outnumber actual-ideal congruencies, cheerfulness decreases and...
Sadness increases
The "cocktail party effect" illustrates the concept of what?
Selective attention
? are the inferences that people make about what causes their behavior
Self-attributions
A mismatching of self-perceptions is termed what?
Self-discrepancy
Someone who says, "I probably won't do well on the exam because I was up all night with a sick friend", is using the strategy of what?
Self-handicapping
Sedative
Sleep-inducing drug that tends to decrease the central nervous system and behavioral activity
Which of the following has been shown to increase the risk of such diseases as lung cancer, atherosclerosis, and emphysema?
Smoking
Which of the following groups of drugs tends to increase central nervous system activation and behavioral activity?
Stimulants
Internet addiction
Tendency to compulsively immerse oneself online
Procrastination
Tendency to delay tackling tasks until the last minute
immune response
The body's defensive reaction to invasion by bacteria, viral agents, or other foreign substances.
Cannabis
The hemp plant from which marijuana, hashish, and THC are derived.
For which of the following reasons is someone likely to play the sick role?
To escape the demands of others
Mark is future oriented; he is able to foresee the impact of not taking direct action now
True
Participants in the Spotlight of Research Study who tended to generate health-related possible selves were less depressed than those who were unable
True
People who adopt the "sick role" often receive increased attention and sympathy from others
True
Self-Efficacy is positively correlated with academic performance
True
When people are hypocritical they demonstrate self-discrepancy
True
Which of the following is NOT a step in systematic problem solving?
Try several different alternatives simultaneously
According to E. Tory Higgins, which of the following is NOT one of the three types of self-perceptions that people have?
Unrealistic
Undoing
Way of attempting to counteract feelings of guilt through acts of atonement
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Weight (in kilograms) divided by height (in meters) squared (kg/m^2)
Herman often used math puns and knock-knock jokes at the beginning of class sessions to amuse his Statistics students. It is most likely that his use of humor...
Will engage his students Will amuse his class Will be effective in reducing stress
health psychology
a subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine
Cancer
any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division
aggression
behavior intended to hurt or destroy another person, either physically or verbally
MDMA
compound drug related to both amphetamines and hallucinogens, especially mescaline
AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
disease, caused by a virus transmitted by means of bodily fluids, that devastates the immune system
constructive coping
efforts to deal with stressful events that are judged to be relatively healthful
defense mechanisms
largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt
psychological dependence
need to use a drug to relieve negative emotions
learned helplessness
passive behavior produced by exposure to unavoidable aversive events
emotional intelligence
the ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions
Catastrophic thinking
unrealistic appraisals of stress that exaggerate the magnitude of one's problems