Psych 122 Midterm # 2

In the United States, about ?% of females and ?% of males smoke?

15; 21

Evidence indicated that meditation can lead to what?

A beneficial physiological state

Catharsis

A release of emotional tension

Fantasy

Act of fulfilling conscious or unconscious wishes and impulses in one's imagination

Forgiveness

Act of releasing someone from further liability for his or her transgression

According to Herbert Benson, the relaxation response is NOT aided by a(n) what?

Active attitude

Eric has been feeling depressed and had a lot of tension and anxiety while he looks for a new job. He thinks regular exercise will be of benefit. Given the research, what would you tell him?

An outlet for frustration, a distraction from the stressor, and benefits to physical and emotional health

Which of the following is NOT involved in constructive coping?

Applying basic principles of classical conditioning

rational-emotive behavior therapy

Approach focusing on altering clients' patterns of illogical thinking to reduce maladaptive feelings and actions

Which of the following is known to be the principal cause of coronary heart disease?

Atherosclerosis

Research presented in your text regarding parenting and self-esteem has found? - thus, it would appropriate to conclude what

Authoritative parenting(high control/high acceptance) results in higher self esteem of the child

unrealistic optimism

Awareness that certain health-related behaviors are dangerous but erroneously viewing those dangers as risks for others

Even though she does not even like the particular genre of music, Jane told all of her friends that the winner of American Idol was from her hometown, Jane was using the method of self-enhancement known as?

Basking in reflected glory

Problem-solving has been linked to what?

Better psychological adjustment, lower levels of depression, fewer health complaints

Each of the following limits one's ability to accurately engage in self-assessment EXCEPT

Biased affective forecasting

Which of the following is NOT a source of self-efficacy?

Blocking emotional arousal, or parental expectations

Suppose the following four classmates are exposed to a cold virus in the classroom. Which of the four is LEAST likely to get a cold?

Chris, who is high in agreeableness

coronary heart disease

Chronic condition that results from a reduction in blood flow to the heart

alcohol dependence (alcoholism)

Chronic, progressive disorder marked by a growing compulsion to drink and impaired control over drinking

Nutrition

Collection of processes through which an organism utilizes the materials required for survival and growth

Recent studies suggest that physical fitness is associated with a decreased risk for which of the following?

Colon cancer in men reproductive cancer in women breast cancer in women

Meditation

Conscious attempt to focus attention in a non analytical way using a family of mental exercises

According to your textbook, people are motivated to maintain a(n) ? view of the self

Consistent

Atherosclerosis

Disease characterized by deposits of fatty plaques on the inner walls of arteries

If you yell at your little sister after having a fight with your girlfriend, you may be diverting your anger through the use of what?

Displacement

Type A personality

Disposition that is marked by a strong competitive orientation, impatience, and anger & hostility

Type B personality

Disposition that is marked by relatively relaxed, patient, easygoing, amicable behavior

Hallucinogen

Diverse group of drugs that have powerful effects on mental and emotional functioning

Which of the following is an example of the coping strategy known as behavioral disengagement?

Dropping a class because it is evident that one needs to take one of the recommended prerequisites

Narcotic

Drug derived from opium that is capable of relieving pain

Stimulant

Drug that tends to increase the central nervous system and behavioral activity

Coping

Effort to master, reduce, or tolerate the demands created by stress

Overdose

Excessive quantity of a drug that can seriously threaten one's life

In order to get the full benefit from the relaxation response, it only needs to be practiced when you are under stress

False

Obesity is determined by weighing 15 lbs. over what is normal for the person's height

False

Relational interdependence is a strategy men frequently use to obtain social needs

False

Which of the following was NOT found in frustration-aggression research?

Fighting a fictional character in a game can release pent-up anger and hostility

Brainstorming

Generation of as many ideas as possible while withholding criticism and evaluation

The leading cause of death in North America is what?

Heart disease

Excessive drinking is correlated with which of the following

Heart disease, stomach cancer, cirrhosis of the liver

biopsychosocial model

Idea that physical illness is caused by a complex interaction of factors

settling-point theory

Idea that weight remains stable if there are no durable changes in factors influencing it

Anderson and Bushman's (2001) review of research on violent video games did NOT find which of the following trends?

Increased violent game play and more incidences of sexual deviance

? includes putting personal goals ahead of group goals and define one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group membership

Individualism

Your friend Tyra had decided to move across the country to pursue graduate school despite her small family all living on the West Coast. This would be considered behavior characteristics of those from a(n) ? culture

Individualistic

Which of the following does NOT typically underlie most self-defeating trade-offs?

Intentional self-harm

Research shows that smoking increases the likelihood of developing what?

Lung cancer, heart disease, and stroke

Intellectualization

Method of dealing with difficulties by looking at them in a detached, abstract way

Overcompensation

Method of making up for real or imagined deficiencies by focusing on desirable characteristics

The first step in attempting to use your time more effectively is to...

Monitor your use of time

Patients are more likely to follow prescribed treatments when their physicians do what?

More frequent dosing

physical dependence

Need to continue to take a drug to avoid withdrawal illness

Noncompliance with instructions reviewed from physicians...

Occurs 30% short time and 50% long time

Authors of the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test are striving to make this test a what?

Performance-based measure of the ability to deal effectively with emotions

hostility

Persistent negative attitude marked by cynical, mistrusting thoughts, feelings of anger, and overtly aggressive actions

Ramon recently lost his job. He has been searching online for job openings and has an appointment with a placement agency. Which constructive coping tactic is Ramon using?

Problem-focused

Tolerance

Progressive decrease in a person's responsiveness to a drug

set-point theory

Proposal that the body monitors fat-cell levels to keep them (and weight) fairly stable

Denial

Refusal to accept reality

As actual-ideal discrepancies outnumber actual-ideal congruencies, cheerfulness decreases and...

Sadness increases

The "cocktail party effect" illustrates the concept of what?

Selective attention

? are the inferences that people make about what causes their behavior

Self-attributions

A mismatching of self-perceptions is termed what?

Self-discrepancy

Someone who says, "I probably won't do well on the exam because I was up all night with a sick friend", is using the strategy of what?

Self-handicapping

Sedative

Sleep-inducing drug that tends to decrease the central nervous system and behavioral activity

Which of the following has been shown to increase the risk of such diseases as lung cancer, atherosclerosis, and emphysema?

Smoking

Which of the following groups of drugs tends to increase central nervous system activation and behavioral activity?

Stimulants

Internet addiction

Tendency to compulsively immerse oneself online

Procrastination

Tendency to delay tackling tasks until the last minute

immune response

The body's defensive reaction to invasion by bacteria, viral agents, or other foreign substances.

Cannabis

The hemp plant from which marijuana, hashish, and THC are derived.

For which of the following reasons is someone likely to play the sick role?

To escape the demands of others

Mark is future oriented; he is able to foresee the impact of not taking direct action now

True

Participants in the Spotlight of Research Study who tended to generate health-related possible selves were less depressed than those who were unable

True

People who adopt the "sick role" often receive increased attention and sympathy from others

True

Self-Efficacy is positively correlated with academic performance

True

When people are hypocritical they demonstrate self-discrepancy

True

Which of the following is NOT a step in systematic problem solving?

Try several different alternatives simultaneously

According to E. Tory Higgins, which of the following is NOT one of the three types of self-perceptions that people have?

Unrealistic

Undoing

Way of attempting to counteract feelings of guilt through acts of atonement

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Weight (in kilograms) divided by height (in meters) squared (kg/m^2)

Herman often used math puns and knock-knock jokes at the beginning of class sessions to amuse his Statistics students. It is most likely that his use of humor...

Will engage his students Will amuse his class Will be effective in reducing stress

health psychology

a subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine

Cancer

any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division

aggression

behavior intended to hurt or destroy another person, either physically or verbally

MDMA

compound drug related to both amphetamines and hallucinogens, especially mescaline

AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)

disease, caused by a virus transmitted by means of bodily fluids, that devastates the immune system

constructive coping

efforts to deal with stressful events that are judged to be relatively healthful

defense mechanisms

largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt

psychological dependence

need to use a drug to relieve negative emotions

learned helplessness

passive behavior produced by exposure to unavoidable aversive events

emotional intelligence

the ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions

Catastrophic thinking

unrealistic appraisals of stress that exaggerate the magnitude of one's problems