PSYCH 327 Exam 3 Review Questions KEY

The motivational function of the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) is to energize:

Avoidance behavior and emotional distress.

The ________________ is an innate capacity to judge for oneself whether a specific experience is growth-promoting or growth-debilitating.

ORGANISMIC VALUATION PROCESS

Compared to affect stable individuals, affect intense individuals react:

OVERLY + TO GOOD EVENTS AND OVERLY - TO BAD EVENTS

_________ theory studies how people satisfy the psychological need for relatedness through the mental representation of, and actual attachments to, other people.

Object Relations

___________ refers to the process of forgetting information or an experience by ways that are unconscious, unintentional, and automatic.

Repression

How would you summarize the fundamental assertion of positive psychology therapy?

good mental health requires more than the absence of mental illness

In a cognitive view of emotion, which of the following statements is most true? o Appraisals cause feelings, and feelings cause emotions. o Appraisals of environmental events cause emotion. o Emotions cause appraisals. o Life outcomes cause emotions. o Situational events cause emotions.

o Appraisals of environmental events cause emotion.

According to objects relations theory, the quality of one's mental representations of relationships can be characterized by each of the following, except: - capacity for emotional involvement. - its benevolent vs. malevolent unconscious tone. - mutuality of autonomy with others. - status as supporting versus interfering with congruence.

status as supporting versus interfering with congruence.

Which developmental sequence accurately describes mature ego development that progresses from relatively immature to relatively mature? -conformist, conscientious, impulsive, self-protective, symbiotic -impulsive, symbiotic, conformist, self-protective, conscientious -impulsive, symbiotic, self-protective, conscientious, conformist -symbiotic, impulsive, self-protective, conformist, conscientious

symbiotic, impulsive, self-protective, conformist, conscientious

Positive psychology investigates:

what makes life worth living; what actions lead to experiences of well being.

Which of the following group of theorists would be most likely agree with this statement: "Emotions emanate from subcortical processing and may or may not include cortical involvement." - biological emotion researchers only - cognitive emotion researchers only - both biological and cognitive emotion researchers - neither biological nor cognitive emotion researchers

- both biological and cognitive emotion researchers

Which of the following individuals is most likely to experience depression? The person with: - immature defense mechanisms and nonstressful life circumstances. - immature defense mechanisms and stressful life circumstances. - mature defense mechanisms and nonstressful life circumstances. - mature defense mechanisms and stressful life circumstances.

- immature defense mechanisms and stressful life circumstances.

What are the four core components of emotion?

-Feeling (give emotion subjective component and personal meaning) - arousal (biological) - purpose (gives emotion a goal directed sense of motivation) - expression

According to a biological view of emotion, about how many different emotions are there?

5 or 6

The ________________ runs on automatic pilot as it carries out countless computations and innumerable adjustments during acts such as driving a car and playing the piano.

ADAPTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

Which of the following statements is not true? - Activating the Behavioral Activating System (BAS) explains who experiences negative emotion (unhappiness). - Extraverts are happier than neurotics. - Neurotics are unhappier than are non-neurotics. - Who is happy and who is unhappy can be predicted reliably from personality characteristics.

Activating the Behavioral Activating System (BAS) explains who experiences negative emotion (unhappiness).

According to appraisal theories, which emotion would a person experience following these four appraisals of an emotional situation: An important goal was at stake; the goal was lost; another person blocked my goal attainment; and the loss was undeserved/illegitimate?

Anger

The principal antecedent of which emotion is physical and psychological restraint or interference, as in the experience that a situation is "not what it should be."

Anger

Which of the following emotions is activated by a decreased rate of neural firing?

Anger

What is affect intensity?

Concerns people's capacity to become aroused emotionally. Either affect stable or affect intense.

Humanistic theorists emphasize that human beings are motivated to:

Develop their full potential

The function of _________ is rejection—to reject some aspect of the environment.

Disgust

What is the relationship of emotion to motivation?

Emotion as motivation - emotions are one type of motive which energize and directs behavior Emotion as readout - emotions serve as an ongoing readout system to indicate how well or how poorly personal adaptation is going

When a person automatically mimics another's emotional expression and begins to synchronize his or her own emotion with the other's in terms of expression, vocalization, postures, and movements, what emotional phenomena has occurred?

Emotional Contagion

What does humanistic psychology say about the problem of evil?

Evil is not inherent in human nature. Evil arises only when experience injures and damages the person. Both benevolence and malevolence are inherent in everyone. Human nature needs to internalize a benevolent value system before it can avoid evil. Starts with your parents... early life experiences teach you it.

Why are extraverts generally happier than are introverts?

Extroverts are more sensitive to the rewards inherent in most social situations (compared to introverts), therefore they are more susceptible to positive emotions. Extroverts possess a greater inherent capability to experience positive emotions. Extroverts have a stronger BAS than introverts. Extroverts have more frequent and intense signals of reward and thus they anticipate situations with approach, happiness and excitement. Signals of reward strongly activate BAS in extroverts, therefore they experience a stronger incentive motivational state energizing goal directed behavior

The ________ component of emotion gives emotion its cognitive or mental aspect.

Feelings

Extraverts are happier than introverts in terms of _______ well-being, but extraverts are not necessarily happier than introverts in terms of _________ well-being.

Hedonic, Eudaimonic

The study of motivation referred to as _________ asserts that a human being is best understood as an integrated, organized whole, rather than as a series of differential parts.

Holism

What sequence of events best reflects the James-Lange theory of emotion?

I SEE A DOG, MY HEART RACES, I FEEL FEAR

Studies on the effects of sensory deprivation on psychological processes showed that exposure to a rigidly monotonous environment led participants to report:

Inability to think clearly, hallucinate, disruption in mental capacity, normal health declines.

The following statement describes __________ : The individual perceives himself as having characteristics a, b, and c and feelings u, v, and w, but that same person publicly expresses characteristics d, e, and f and feelings x, y, an z.

Incongruence

The motivation for a person with an autonomy causality orientation revolves around:

Internal guides (e.g., needs, interests). Pays closer attention to one' s own needs and feelings.

The emotion of __________ facilitates cohesiveness in social groups

Joy

Which of the emotions is not activated by an increased rate of neural firing?

Joy

The brain structure that corresponds best to id functions and processes is the:

LIMBIC SYSTEM

The appraisal, "Is this situation relevant to my well-being?", constitutes a _______ appraisal.

Primary

Under the influence of positive affect, people are significantly more likely to what?

Prosocial behavior, Creativity, Decision making efficiency, Sociability, Persistence in the face of failure

In psychoanalysis, the mental clashing of forces of "will vs. counterwill" and "force vs. counterforce" is known as:

Psychodynamics

Motivational and emotional processes frequently operate in parallel with one another such that people commonly want and fear the same thing at the same time. This statement describes:

Psychodynamics

__________ refers to the process of forgetting information or an experience by ways that are unconscious, unintentional, and automatic.

REPRESSION

A ________________ involves both a cognitive search through available coping options as well as a prediction of whether each option will or will not be successful in managing the stressor.

SECONDARY APPRAISAL

______________ is an inherent developmental striving. It is a process of leaving behind defenses and moving toward autonomous self-regulation.

SELF-ACTUALIZATION

Psychopharmacological studies have shown that sensation seekers have significantly lower levels of ________ than do sensation-avoiders.

SEROTONIN

What follow(s) secondary appraisals?

STRESS, COPING, REAPPRAISAL

Compared to people who pursue inner guides like self-actualization, people who devote their lives to the pursuit of the American dream (money, fame, popularity):

SUFFER MORE PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS

According to Lazarus, a ____________ appraisal, which occurs after some reflection, involves an estimate of whether one can do anything to cope with a potential stressor.

Secondary

Which of the following sequence of events best describes Arnold's appraisal view of emotion?

Situation → appraisal (good or bad) → emotions (liking vs disliking) → action (approach or withdrawal).

Humanistic/holistic theorists emphasize that human beings are motivated to:

Strive for personal fulfillment, discover human potential, inherent potentialities.

_____________ refers to the process of forgetting information or an experience by ways that are conscious, intentional, and deliberate.

Suppression

Perceived control beliefs predict:

The pre-performance expectancies of possessing the needed capacity to produce positive outcomes. (High perceived control is more beneficial - Goal setting, Task choice, Effort, Concentration, Persistence in the face of difficulty, Positive emotional states, Problem-solving strategies, Performance, P.C. leads to self-efficacy)

What is the facial feedback hypothesis:

The subjective aspect of emotion stems from feeling engendered by: Movements of the facial muscles. Changes in facial temperature. Changes in glandular activity in the skin. Cross cultural phenomenon.

From early in the morning (6:00 am) to late in the evening (midnight), what typically happens to a person's level of positive affect throughout the course of the day?

Varies a lot

Which theoretical traditions are consistent with a humanistic approach to motivation? - behaviorism - holism, gestalt psychology, and existentialism - incentives, drives, and arousal - objectivism and logical positivism - all of the above

all of the above

If the following five people walked into a room, which of the five is going to be the most sensitive to the potentially rewarding aspects of the environment in that room?

an extravert

According to Freud, the largest and most important motivational component of the human personality is the:

biologically endowed and socially acquired impulses that determine our thoughts, desires, feelings and behavior, whether we like it or not (Sexual and aggressive urges, Conflict, anxiety, repression, defense mechanisms, Emotional burdens and vulnerabilities)

_________ is the most prevalent emotion in day-to-day functioning.

interest

Validation-seeking individuals strive to:

prove self-worth, competence, and likeability. Have higher levels of self-actualization and better mental health than growth seeking